ovarian germline stem cells, david f albertini phd

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Ovarian germline stem cells David F. Albertini, Ph.D. Southwest Embryology Summit, January 4, 2016

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Page 1: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Ovarian germline stem cells

David F. Albertini, Ph.D.Southwest Embryology Summit, 

January 4, 2016

Page 2: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Disclosure

• DA serves as a speaker for EMD Serono• DA served as SAB for OvaScience in 2012

Page 3: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Outline

• Background to the problem• Historical Considerations• The Data from 2004 to 2015• Matters of methodology and inconsistency arising

• The emergence of novel ARTs aimed at restoring female fertility

Page 4: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Background to the problem

• Rediscovery of the ovary as a “regenerative” organ

• Shift away from importance of somatic stem cells

• Embellishment of role of oocyte mitochondria in aging ……”mitomania” “fountain of youth”

• Confirmation that age‐related loss of oocyte quality is strictly a germ cell thing

Page 5: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Somatic or Oogonial Stem Cells (OSCs)

Page 6: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD
Page 7: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

The oocyte‐follicle unit has many faces

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Multiple Cell Communication pathways

McGinnis LK, Limback SD, Albertini DF (2013) Signaling modalities during oogenesis in mammals. In P M Wassarman, editor: Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Vol. 102,Academic Press, pp. 227-242. ISBN: 978-0-12-416024-8

Page 9: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

76 genes And counting

Page 10: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

What “maturation” means

• For the oocyte‐preparation for fertilization and embryo development

• For the follicle‐preparation for ovulation and formation of the corpus luteum

• For the ovary‐preparation for follicle selection and steroidogenesis for maintaining cyclicity

Page 11: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Maternal metabolic status impacts oocyte developmental competence

Page 12: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Conclusions

• The oocyte follicle unit is realized by multiple signaling mechanisms

• The metabolism of the follicle is geared to support the oocyte before steroid biosynthesis

• The acquisition and commitment to steroidogenic competence by the follicle launches the “cumulus” imperative to ensure competence of the oocyte.

Page 13: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Why we are having this conversation

Page 14: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Historical 

• A very old problem has been misrepresented

• Resurfaces in the 1990s during the “APOPTOSIS” era…all things must die

• Stage is reset in 2004 Nature paper

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Page 16: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

The data then and now

• Yes there are stem cells somatic not germ line…and they are at the heart of ovarian cyclicity in organisms producing yolkless eggs

• And who cares…OvaScience likes to tout their treatments being banned by FDA…the martyr role suits their mentality

• And if you have money, you can buy treatment in how many countries now???  >5

Page 17: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Top Ten 2012 for Saito in mouse

Page 18: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

The data from 2004‐2015

Page 19: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

The Present‐2015

Page 20: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

The Present‐2015

Page 21: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Digesting the latest work

1. Establishes problems with the isolation technique

2. Reinforces and extends a seemingly intractable problem with OSCs epitopes

3. Marshalls in the next wave of research that will possibly settle the question

Page 22: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Matters of methodology and inconsistency

Page 23: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Biomarkers and epitopes

CYTOPLASM

??????

CELL SURFACE

Detergent based dystopia

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Oocyte‐like cells can be made from many tissues

And readily restore  functionafter chemical sterilizationin mice

Page 25: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

The emergence of novel ARTs aimed at restoring female fertility

• Several procedures have been used or are being developed that will treat infertility in females using OSCs

• Prospective adequately controlled clinical trials will not be conducted

• How many of your clinics are receiving queries about these treatments?

Page 26: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

The real problem could be tractable and practical

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Among the more objective discussions

Page 28: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Why we had this conversation

Page 29: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

Conclusions

Journal Editors have exploited the topic for pressworthiness, not scientific rigor

The truth may never come out

Just hoping that we are not adding another “iatrogenic” influence of ARTs 

Page 30: Ovarian germline stem cells, David F Albertini PhD

On making a travesty of human ARTs

• Prophet of doom…in USA we live in a society that cannot differentiate between fact and fallacy

• Blind faith drives much of our conventional wisdom thru the eyes and mouths of snake oil dealers

• And this will unlikely change because greed runs law, medicine,