Outflows and Jets: Theory and ObservationsWinter term 2006/2007

Henrik Beuther & Christian Fendt

20.10 Introduction & Overview (H.B. & C.F.)27.10   Definitions, parameters, basic observations (H.B)03.11   Basic theoretical concepts & models I (C.F.)10.11   Basic theoretical concepts & models II (C.F.) 17.11   Observational properties of accretion disks (H.B.)24.11   Accretion disk theory and jet launching (C.F.)01.12   Outflow-disk connection, outflow entrainment (H.B.)08.12   Outflow-ISM interaction, outflow chemistry (H.B.)15.12   Theory of outflow interactions; Instabilities; Shocks (C.F.)22.12, 29.12 and 05.01      Christmas and New Years break12.01   Outflows from massive star-forming regions (H.B.)19.01   Radiation processes (H.B. & C.F.)26.01   AGN jet theory (C.F.) 02.02   Observations of AGN jets (Guest speaker: Klaus Meisenheimer)09.02   Summary, Outlook, Questions (H.B. & C.F.)

More Information and the current lecture files: http://www.mpia.de/homes/beuther/lecture_ws0607.html beuther@mpia.de, fendt@mpia.de

The outflow HH212

McCaughrean et al. 2002

Driving jet and entrained molecular outflow II

HH211, Gueth et al. 1999, Hirano et al. 2006, Palau et al. 2006

Jet rotation in DG Tau

Bacciotti et al. 2002

blue

red

Testi et al. 2002

Corotation of disk and jet

A rotating molecular outflow: CB26

1st moment map clearly suggests the outflow is rotating!

Launhardt et al., in prep.

Why don‘t we see more rotating outflows?

Inc. 90deg, Vrot = 1.6 km/s

Inc. 85deg, Vrot = 1.6 km/sInc. 45deg, Vrot = 1.6 km/s

Launhardt et al.,in prep.

Girart et al. 2006

Ambipolar diffusion

Outflow propertiesM

ech

an

ical Fo

rce

M

ass

Outfl

ow

rate

Mech

an

ical L

Outflow entrainment models

Arce et al. 2006

Collimation and pv-structureLee et al. 2001

HH212: consistent with jet-driving VLA0548: consistent with wind-driving- pv-structure of jet- and wind-driven models very different- Often Hubble-law observed --> increasing velocity with increasing dist. from protostar - Hubble-law maybe explained by: (a) decreasing grav. potential with distance to star (for central jet), (b) decreasing density gradient and hence pressure with distance from star (for larger-scale outflow), (c) continuous (or episodic) driving of the in a non-ballistic fashion that energy constantly gets induced in jet.

Evolutionary effects of outflow-envelope interaction II

Arce & sargent 2006

Outflow chemistry

Bachiller et al. 2001

Outflows from massive star-forming regions

Beuther et al. 2002

IRAM 30m dataGrey: 1.2mmContours:CO(2-1)

An evolutionary scenario

Beuther & Shepherd 2005

Open questions and future directions

Is it possible to unify the wide-angle wind and jet model?

Search for jets toward the most massive and luminous sources. Are collimated jets really not existing for them? And if yes, what does that imply?

What kind of outflows would be expected from merger events?

Zoom into the jet-launching region. So far we do not know much observationally there. Interesting scales are between sub-AU and about 10AU. At typical Taurus distance of 150pc, this corresponds to 0.007’’ and 0.1’’. Current (sub)mm interferometers reach ~0.3’’, but ALMA will go down to 0.01’’, and VLTI aims at 0.001’’. VLBI observations of masers are feasible as well.

Study the magnetic fields of the jet-launching but also the wider outflow regions.

Deeper investigation of feedback and turbulence processes. How do the molecular cores get destroyed?

Outflows and Jets: Theory and ObservationsWinter term 2006/2007

Henrik Beuther & Christian Fendt

20.10 Today: Introduction & Overview (H.B. & C.F.)27.10   Definitions, parameters, basic observations (H.B)03.11   Basic theoretical concepts & models I (C.F.)10.11   Basic theoretical concepts & models II (C.F.) 17.11   Observational properties of accretion disks (H.B.)24.11   Accretion disk theory and jet launching (C.F.)01.12   Outflow-disk connection, outflow entrainment (H.B.)08.12   Outflow-ISM interaction, outflow chemistry (H.B.)15.12   Theory of outflow interactions; Instabilities, Shocks (C.F.)22.12, 29.12 and 05.01      Christmas and New Years break12.01   Outflows from massive star-forming regions (H.B.)19.01   Radiation processes (H.B. & C.F.)26.01   AGN jet theory (C.F.) 02.02 Observations of AGN jets (Guest speaker: K. Meisenheimer)09.02   Summary, Outlook, Questions (H.B. & C.F.)

More Information and the current lecture files: http://www.mpia.de/homes/beuther/lecture_ws0607.html beuther@mpia.de, fendt@mpia.de