outflows and feedback smita mathur ohio state [yair krongold et al. 2007 apj 659, 1022]
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Outflows and Feedback
Smita MathurOhio State
[Yair Krongold et al. 2007 ApJ 659, 1022]
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Feedback from AGNs
Absolutely necessary to explain a variety of astronomical observations:
- M-- relation
- cluster cooling flows
- sizes of galaxies
- star formation rates
- enrichment of IGM
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Methods of Feedback Jets : accepted for cluster cooling flows.
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Outflows are ubiquitous
Seen in 50% of Seyfert galaxies.
NGC 3783 HST and FUSE
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Do outflows carry sufficient energy and momentum to be effective agents of feedback?
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Parameters we need to know:
Mass
Velocity
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Column density of ions
Total column density
Mass
Ionization correction
Geometry Metallicity
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What is the distance of the absorber from the nucleus?
Proposals span a factor of > 106
from accretion disk to Kpc scale
narrow line region
n R2
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Variability
Density Distance
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XMM Observations of NGC 4051
• RGS High resolution spectrum
• EPIC Variability
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R (HIP) = 0.5-1.0 lt days. (2300-4600 RS)
R (LIP) = < 3.5 lt days. (< 15800 RS)
BH mass in NGC 4051 is 2 x 106 M⊙
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The outflow is clearly compact
…consistent with an accretion disk origin.
Rule out various models:
- wind off torus edge (Krolik & Kriss)
- continuous range of ionization
parameter
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Mass & Energy outflow rates
HIP & LIP mass outflow rates:
~ 1 x 10-4 M⊙ yr-1
c.f. accretion rate: ~ 5 x 10-3 M⊙ yr-1
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Kinetic power released: ~1038 erg/s
c.f. bolometric luminosity: 2.5 x 1043 erg/s
Energy injection rate in the surrounding medium is significantly smaller than that in feedback models
ScannapiecoSilk
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What about luminous quasars?
Total energy output: ~ 1057 erg.
(if outflow to accretion rate is the same as in NGC 4051)
c.f. feedback requirement of ~ 1060 erg
Hopkins et al
Scannapieco et al.
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The measured energy output
falls significantly short of what’s
needed for effective feedback
unless………..
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1. Outflow rate does not scale simply with
accretion rate
2. We observe outflow before it is fully accelerated.
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In NGC 4051 vwind << vescape
How common is this?
Are powerful quasars different?