OUTCOME OF NS-RCT MUHIMBILI NATIONAL HOSPITAL TANZANIA

Rukoma AM DDS Mdent (Restorative) Kano Dental Clinic

1 INTRODUCTION

Definition

Non-surgical root Canal Therapy (NS-RCT)

removal of tooth pulp

replacement with a biocompatible artificial

no raising of flap

Indications Irreversible pulpitis

Irreparable pulp exposure

Pulp necrosis +- AP (Tronstad 1991)

Some orthodontic treatment

Intentionally in crown or bridge (Grossman 1978)

Goal

Prevention andor elimination of pathology of endodontic origin in the root canal and periapical areas

Importance

Retain the affected tooth and its functions namely-MasticationSpeechaesthetics

Treatment outcome

Depends on-correct diagnosisproper debridementAnd adequate obturation

(Bystrom et al 1985 De Moor et al 1999 Dovgan 2004b)

Radiography is the most reliable tool in determination of treatment outcome

at least 3 PA radiographs are needed

1st radiograph Confirm diagnosis Assess the status of canal(s)Assess the status of periapical areaAssist estimation of working length

2nd radiographDetermination of working length

3rd radiographAssess quality of canal obturation andor

coronal restorations (Kustarci et al 2007)

The treatment outcome of NS-RCT is assessed basing onType of treated teeth

technical quality of obturation

patient signs and symptoms (pain swelling and sinus)

tooth function (mastication aesthetics amp speech)

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

1 INTRODUCTION

Definition

Non-surgical root Canal Therapy (NS-RCT)

removal of tooth pulp

replacement with a biocompatible artificial

no raising of flap

Indications Irreversible pulpitis

Irreparable pulp exposure

Pulp necrosis +- AP (Tronstad 1991)

Some orthodontic treatment

Intentionally in crown or bridge (Grossman 1978)

Goal

Prevention andor elimination of pathology of endodontic origin in the root canal and periapical areas

Importance

Retain the affected tooth and its functions namely-MasticationSpeechaesthetics

Treatment outcome

Depends on-correct diagnosisproper debridementAnd adequate obturation

(Bystrom et al 1985 De Moor et al 1999 Dovgan 2004b)

Radiography is the most reliable tool in determination of treatment outcome

at least 3 PA radiographs are needed

1st radiograph Confirm diagnosis Assess the status of canal(s)Assess the status of periapical areaAssist estimation of working length

2nd radiographDetermination of working length

3rd radiographAssess quality of canal obturation andor

coronal restorations (Kustarci et al 2007)

The treatment outcome of NS-RCT is assessed basing onType of treated teeth

technical quality of obturation

patient signs and symptoms (pain swelling and sinus)

tooth function (mastication aesthetics amp speech)

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Definition

Non-surgical root Canal Therapy (NS-RCT)

removal of tooth pulp

replacement with a biocompatible artificial

no raising of flap

Indications Irreversible pulpitis

Irreparable pulp exposure

Pulp necrosis +- AP (Tronstad 1991)

Some orthodontic treatment

Intentionally in crown or bridge (Grossman 1978)

Goal

Prevention andor elimination of pathology of endodontic origin in the root canal and periapical areas

Importance

Retain the affected tooth and its functions namely-MasticationSpeechaesthetics

Treatment outcome

Depends on-correct diagnosisproper debridementAnd adequate obturation

(Bystrom et al 1985 De Moor et al 1999 Dovgan 2004b)

Radiography is the most reliable tool in determination of treatment outcome

at least 3 PA radiographs are needed

1st radiograph Confirm diagnosis Assess the status of canal(s)Assess the status of periapical areaAssist estimation of working length

2nd radiographDetermination of working length

3rd radiographAssess quality of canal obturation andor

coronal restorations (Kustarci et al 2007)

The treatment outcome of NS-RCT is assessed basing onType of treated teeth

technical quality of obturation

patient signs and symptoms (pain swelling and sinus)

tooth function (mastication aesthetics amp speech)

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Indications Irreversible pulpitis

Irreparable pulp exposure

Pulp necrosis +- AP (Tronstad 1991)

Some orthodontic treatment

Intentionally in crown or bridge (Grossman 1978)

Goal

Prevention andor elimination of pathology of endodontic origin in the root canal and periapical areas

Importance

Retain the affected tooth and its functions namely-MasticationSpeechaesthetics

Treatment outcome

Depends on-correct diagnosisproper debridementAnd adequate obturation

(Bystrom et al 1985 De Moor et al 1999 Dovgan 2004b)

Radiography is the most reliable tool in determination of treatment outcome

at least 3 PA radiographs are needed

1st radiograph Confirm diagnosis Assess the status of canal(s)Assess the status of periapical areaAssist estimation of working length

2nd radiographDetermination of working length

3rd radiographAssess quality of canal obturation andor

coronal restorations (Kustarci et al 2007)

The treatment outcome of NS-RCT is assessed basing onType of treated teeth

technical quality of obturation

patient signs and symptoms (pain swelling and sinus)

tooth function (mastication aesthetics amp speech)

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Goal

Prevention andor elimination of pathology of endodontic origin in the root canal and periapical areas

Importance

Retain the affected tooth and its functions namely-MasticationSpeechaesthetics

Treatment outcome

Depends on-correct diagnosisproper debridementAnd adequate obturation

(Bystrom et al 1985 De Moor et al 1999 Dovgan 2004b)

Radiography is the most reliable tool in determination of treatment outcome

at least 3 PA radiographs are needed

1st radiograph Confirm diagnosis Assess the status of canal(s)Assess the status of periapical areaAssist estimation of working length

2nd radiographDetermination of working length

3rd radiographAssess quality of canal obturation andor

coronal restorations (Kustarci et al 2007)

The treatment outcome of NS-RCT is assessed basing onType of treated teeth

technical quality of obturation

patient signs and symptoms (pain swelling and sinus)

tooth function (mastication aesthetics amp speech)

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Importance

Retain the affected tooth and its functions namely-MasticationSpeechaesthetics

Treatment outcome

Depends on-correct diagnosisproper debridementAnd adequate obturation

(Bystrom et al 1985 De Moor et al 1999 Dovgan 2004b)

Radiography is the most reliable tool in determination of treatment outcome

at least 3 PA radiographs are needed

1st radiograph Confirm diagnosis Assess the status of canal(s)Assess the status of periapical areaAssist estimation of working length

2nd radiographDetermination of working length

3rd radiographAssess quality of canal obturation andor

coronal restorations (Kustarci et al 2007)

The treatment outcome of NS-RCT is assessed basing onType of treated teeth

technical quality of obturation

patient signs and symptoms (pain swelling and sinus)

tooth function (mastication aesthetics amp speech)

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Treatment outcome

Depends on-correct diagnosisproper debridementAnd adequate obturation

(Bystrom et al 1985 De Moor et al 1999 Dovgan 2004b)

Radiography is the most reliable tool in determination of treatment outcome

at least 3 PA radiographs are needed

1st radiograph Confirm diagnosis Assess the status of canal(s)Assess the status of periapical areaAssist estimation of working length

2nd radiographDetermination of working length

3rd radiographAssess quality of canal obturation andor

coronal restorations (Kustarci et al 2007)

The treatment outcome of NS-RCT is assessed basing onType of treated teeth

technical quality of obturation

patient signs and symptoms (pain swelling and sinus)

tooth function (mastication aesthetics amp speech)

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Radiography is the most reliable tool in determination of treatment outcome

at least 3 PA radiographs are needed

1st radiograph Confirm diagnosis Assess the status of canal(s)Assess the status of periapical areaAssist estimation of working length

2nd radiographDetermination of working length

3rd radiographAssess quality of canal obturation andor

coronal restorations (Kustarci et al 2007)

The treatment outcome of NS-RCT is assessed basing onType of treated teeth

technical quality of obturation

patient signs and symptoms (pain swelling and sinus)

tooth function (mastication aesthetics amp speech)

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

2nd radiographDetermination of working length

3rd radiographAssess quality of canal obturation andor

coronal restorations (Kustarci et al 2007)

The treatment outcome of NS-RCT is assessed basing onType of treated teeth

technical quality of obturation

patient signs and symptoms (pain swelling and sinus)

tooth function (mastication aesthetics amp speech)

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

The treatment outcome of NS-RCT is assessed basing onType of treated teeth

technical quality of obturation

patient signs and symptoms (pain swelling and sinus)

tooth function (mastication aesthetics amp speech)

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Types of teeth treated

The most commonly reported teeth treated are Molars - (Kirkevang et al 2001 Bjoslashrndal

2006) Premolars - (Oderinu Shaba and

Adegbulugbe 2006) Anteriors - (Iqba et al 2005) Evenly distributed - (Michael 2003)

NB most studies show more root filled teeth in the maxilla than in the mandible - (Peak et al 2001 Ajayi and Ajayi 2007 Gulsahi et al 2008)

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Obturation quality

Inferior technical quality of root fillings (inadequate) is considered to be the main cause of clinical failure Eckerbom et al (1989) It leaves residual space for microbial colonization

and proliferation

The tooth is adequately obturated when no lateral voidslumens apical lumen does not exceed 2mm from the apex GP does not pass through into periapical areas

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Patientsrsquo satisfaction

Patient satisfaction is a personal evaluation or

appraisal of a service or product received (Aharony and Strasser 1993 Pascoe 1983)

It is a key factor in quality assessment of the health care system (Gold and Woodridge 1995)

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Determining the outcome of NS-RCT can serves as an indicator of service quality and so

assist in improvement of the treatment provided through proper planning

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

2 AIM

To investigate the outcome of NS-RCT provided at the Muhimbili National Hospital using defined clinical and radiographic criteria so as to obtain baseline data

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

3 MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

A cross section prospective study was conducted at the dental clinics of MNH from June-July 2008

A total of 120 patients aged 15+ years who received NS-RCT on a single tooth of main complain were studied

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Data collection

A questionnaire was used to gather information on patients socio-demoraphic characteristics and patients satisfaction

Clinical data was sought from clinical cards and post obturation peri apical radiographs

The radiographs were reviewed to assess the obturation quality (apical and lateral seal)

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

The tooth types were recorded according to FDI Tooth Notation for Permanent Teeth and recorded in designed form

The tooth types were later decoded as anterior teeth premolars and molars and in relation to jaw type

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Seal adequacy Apical seal - if the GP was within 2mm from

the radiographic apical constriction

Lateral seal - if there was no lateral voidlumen between GP and canal walls

Overall - only if both lateral and apical seals were adequate (Sidaravicius et al 1999)

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Patients satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assess by using a five-point Likert scale (1=very satisfied to 5=very unsatisfied)

Overall satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT was assessed from masticatory function and appearance of the treated teeth

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Data managementand analysis

The collected data was recorded on paper and then encoded and transferred to computer and analyzed using Epi info 6 version 604

The level of significance was set at p-value le005

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

4 RESULTS

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()

Adequate

Tooth type Total

anteriors Premolars molars

Apical seal

34(708) 31(886) 17(460) 82 (683)

lateral seal

45(937) 30(857) 15(405) 90 (75)

Overall 34(708) 29(829) 15(405) 78 (650)

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()

Satisfaction Sex Total

Male Female

Mastication

satisfied 43 (956) 74 (987) 117(975)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 1 (13) 3(25)

Appearance

satisfied 43 (956) 66 (880) 109(908)

dissatisfied 2 (44) 9 (120) 11(92)

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

5 DISCUSSION

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

It is important to emphasize that the population in this survey may not be representative of those patients receiving NS-RCT in Tanzania as a whole

Further the radiographs used in the study may not had been taken in standardized manner the inevitable changes in beam film angulations

Despite this shortcoming the information is both interesting and Valuable

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

The observation that upper anterior teeth were treated more than other teeth is in agreement with Iqba et al (2005)

Due to their location they are the most visible and easily accessible

For aesthetic reasons if these teeth become discoloured or carious the patient may easily demand or accept treatment

Practitioners preference ndash they are easy to maneuver

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

The observed obturation quality is comparable to studies done in developing and developed countries

Peak et al (2001) in the UK Boltacs-Rzepkowska and Pawlicka (2003)in

Poland Barrieshi-Nusair (2004) in Jordan Rafeek et al (2009) in Trinidad and Tobago

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

The observation that premolars and anterior teeth were the most adequately obturated is attributed to their anterior location canal number and morphology

Single or two root canal(s) which are relatively wide and straight when coupled with anterior location make them easily accessible for instrumentation

Molars are located far posterior with three or more relatively small canals which are sometimes curved

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

The rate of patientsrsquo satisfaction with the provided NS-RCT of 966 is similar to findings reported by Salehrabi and Rotstein US (2004)- 97 Gotilderduvsus and Gotilderduvsus Turkey (2000)- 82

This implies that root canal therapy meets most patientsrsquo expectations of freedom from pain and regaining masticatory and esthetic needs

Conclusions

Majority of teeth treated with NS-RCT were maxillary anterior teeth

Molar teeth were poorly obturated

The level of satisfaction with the provided treatment was high

Recommendations

Community education on the importance of conserving all teeth

Improvement in treatment of molar teeth

More and long term researches on RCT are need

• OUTCOME OF NS-RCT MUHIMBILI NATIONAL HOSPITAL TANZANIA
• 1 INTRODUCTION
• Definition
• Indications
• Goal
• Importance
• Treatment outcome
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Types of teeth treated
• Obturation quality
• Patientsrsquo satisfaction
• Slide 14
• 2 AIM
• 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Slide 17
• Data collection
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Data management and analysis
• 4 RESULTS
• Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)
• Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()
• Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()
• 5 DISCUSSION
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
• Slide 35

Recommendations

Community education on the importance of conserving all teeth

Improvement in treatment of molar teeth

More and long term researches on RCT are need

• OUTCOME OF NS-RCT MUHIMBILI NATIONAL HOSPITAL TANZANIA
• 1 INTRODUCTION
• Definition
• Indications
• Goal
• Importance
• Treatment outcome
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Types of teeth treated
• Obturation quality
• Patientsrsquo satisfaction
• Slide 14
• 2 AIM
• 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Slide 17
• Data collection
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Data management and analysis
• 4 RESULTS
• Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)
• Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()
• Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()
• 5 DISCUSSION
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
• Slide 35

• OUTCOME OF NS-RCT MUHIMBILI NATIONAL HOSPITAL TANZANIA
• 1 INTRODUCTION
• Definition
• Indications
• Goal
• Importance
• Treatment outcome
• Slide 8
• Slide 9
• Slide 10
• Types of teeth treated
• Obturation quality
• Patientsrsquo satisfaction
• Slide 14
• 2 AIM
• 3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
• Slide 17
• Data collection
• Slide 19
• Slide 20
• Slide 21
• Data management and analysis
• 4 RESULTS
• Fig1 Percentage of teeth type treated (n=120)
• Table 1 Distribution tooth type adequately obturated ()
• Table 2 Distribution of patients satisfaction by sex ()
• 5 DISCUSSION
• Slide 28
• Slide 29
• Slide 30
• Slide 31
• Slide 32
• Conclusions
• Recommendations
• Slide 35