Outcome: Byzantium: The

New Rome

Byzantine Empire & Orthodox Influence on

Russia

SOL Standards Essential Questions Why was Constantinople

established as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire?

What was the influence of Justinian’s codification of Roman law on the Byzantine Empire and later legal codes?

What was Justinian’s influence on the expansion of the Byzantine Empire and its economy?

What were the contributions of Byzantine art and architecture?

How did Greek and Roman culture survive within the Byzantine Empire?

What factors produced the division within the Christian Church?

Why did the Byzantine Empire have so much influence on religion, culture, and trade in Russia and Eastern Europe?

1. Setting the Stagea. Due to Germanic Invasions, the Western Roman Empire had collapsedb. For nearly 1,000 years after the collapse of the Western Empire, Byzantium

in the east would continue to thrive and build upon its Roman foundations

Byzantium: The New Rome

Byzantium

2. Why was Byzantium called The New Rome? Simple: it was Roman Byzantium had Roman emperors, architecture, culture, and

Christianity Byzantine emperors ruled with absolute power- head of

church as well as head of state. There were differences such as they spoke Greek instead of

Latin

Byzantium: The New Rome

Byzantine Architecture

3. Why was Byzantium wealthier?a. Byzantium was located in the middle of several trade routes

that allowed it to prosper b. Weren’t prone to the Germanic attacks like the Western Empire

Byzantium: The New Rome

4. Emperor Justinian a. Takes control of the Byzantium in 527 ADb. Set up the Justinian Code: uniform set of laws created from

outdated Roman lawsi. Contained 5,000 Roman laws still considered usefulii. Broken up into 4 works (The Code, The Digest, The institutes, the

Novellae)

c. Built many churches including the Hagia Sophia, hailed as the most splendid church in Christian world

d. Plagues and attacks cause the Byzantine Empire to fall after death of Justinian

e. Had ABSOLUTE POWER = controlled both government and church

f. He wanted a re-conquest of the Roman territories that were lost through Germanic invasions

Byzantium: The New Rome

There was a giant open-air market where shoppers could buy Tin from EnglandWine from FranceCork from SpainIvory and gold from

AfricaTrade routes via

Black Sea and Baltic Sea

Justinian Expands Trade

The Hagia Sophia

5. A Christian Empirea. Christianity had spread since the height of the Roman Empireb. Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan that made

Christianity legal

c. The Church Divides in 1054-The Great Schismi. Roman Catholicism in the West

1. Services conducted in Latin2. Centered in Rome3. The Pope has authority of all other bishops4. Priests cannot marry

Byzantium: The New Rome

ii. Eastern Orthodox Church in the East 1. Services conducted in Greek or local languages2. The Patriarch and other bishop head the Church as a group3. Priests may be married4. Centered in Constantinople

Byzantium: The New Rome

Adoption of Orthodox Christianity by Russia and much of Eastern Europe

Use of Icons and Mosaics (pictures made of small tiles) in public and religious structures

Adoption of Greek Alphabet for the Slavic Languages by St. Cyril (Cyrillic Alphabet)

Influence of Byzantium on Russia

Result: The Roman Empire dwindled into oblivion allowing the Middle Ages to begin. However, in the east Byzantium held on for a few more centuries, which resulted in a split in Christianity and eventually would set up a bigger conflict: Christianity vs. Islam.

Byzantium: The New Rome

Which of the following does not reflect achievements of Emperor Justinian?A. Codification of lawsB. Trade expansionC. Creation of Cyrillic alphabetD. Reuniting former Roman territories

What language was used by the Byzantine Church?A. LatinB. RomanC. GreekD. Cyrillic

The Byzantine Empire developedA. after the fall of Rome.B. after the fall of Greece.C. during the rise of Russia.D. during the rise of England.

The Byzantine Empire was called the Second Rome because it preserved Roman art, literature, and Christianity among other things. What civilization called itself the Third Rome?A. EnglandB. RussiaC. The VaticanD. France

All of the following are characteristics of the Western Church EXCEPT:A. It was centered in Constantinople.B. Latin was the dominant language.C. The Church had tremendous political power.D. Emperors accepted authority of the Pope.

Reflection

Which of the following represents the best description for the word patriarch from 300 B.C. to 100 AD?A. The head of a Seljuk MosqueB. A general opposed to influence of Islam on ChristianityC. The head of the Russian governmentD. The head of the Byzantine Church

Christianity in western Europe can best be classified asA. Greek Orthodox.B. Russian Christendom.C. Roman Catholic.D. Byzantine Christian.

Which was NOT a disagreement over Christianity between Eastern and Western Europe?A. Authority of PopeB. LanguageC. Practice of celibacyD. The Bible as the basis of faith

The faith adopted by Prince Vladimir of Russia wasA. Christianity.B. Islam.C. Judaism.D. Buddhism.

What did Byzantine monks create to help newly converted Russians?A. Inexpensive BiblesB. The Cyrillic alphabetC. MosquesD. Hymnals

Reflection