our lady of fatima university course title gross …

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MEDICINE COURSE SYLLABUS IN GROSS ANATOMY ACADEMIC YEAR 2018-2019

COURSE TITLE GROSS ANATOMY

COURSE CODE GHSB 101

YEAR LEVEL: FIRST YEAR

PREREQUISITE:

COURSE CREDITS: 12 UNITS FOR 2 SEMESTERS (4 Hrs Lec/4 Hrs Lab Per Week Per Semester For 2 Semesters)

VENUE GROSS ANATOMY LECTURE ROOM AND GROSS LAB

GROSS ANATOMY /

OLFU VISION

A premier inclusive university of choice aspiring to improve man as man by developing individuals through a legacy of excellent education and compassionate value formation

OLFU MISSION OLFU CORE VALUES COLLEGE MISSION COLLEGE VISION

The Our Lady of Fatima University, together with Fatima Medical Science Foundation, Inc. Is dedicated to the improvement of man as man through the holistic formation of individuals imbued with knowledge, skills, and virtues. To achieve this end, the university aims to:

- Commit itself to the service of society through quality education;

- Develop the capabilities of individuals in order to maximize their potentials;

- Nurture future professionals with the requisite academic foundation and conventional skills so as to mold them into highly-respected leaders and members of society;

- Respond effectively to the changing needs and conditions of the times through continuing professional education and research;

- Inculcate social awareness through community outreach program;

- Imbue a deep sense of nationalism and pride in our Filipino heritage;

- Uphold virtues of truth, justice integrity, compassion and faith in God.

Through innovative learning strategies focused on strong and updated academic foundation with enhanced industry skills and experience, a graduate of OLFU is expected to be an ACHIEVER. In the community and in the workplace, an OLFU graduate will be known as a person who: A – Aspires To Do His Best C – Is Credible And Compassionate H – Is Hardworking And Honorable I – Is An Inspiration To Others E – Is Efficiently Entrepreneurial And

Employable V – Is A Visionary E – Is Ethical And Has Excellent Work

Habits R – Is Responsible

A world-class medical school committed to the academic development of students toward becoming moral, ethical, spiritually-upright and compleat physicians whose second self satisfies the World Health Organization’s set roles of:

- Health provider

- Researcher

- Health educator

- Health advocate, and

- Leader Imbued with all these, the graduates will become licensed physicians who can:

- Adequately deliver basic health care utilizing primary health care concepts.

- Competently undergo residency training in any specialty.

- Be developed as physician teachers.

- Reliably conduct research. - Dependably function as a community leader.

Our Lady of Fatima University - College of Medicine as a world-class medical school producing moral, ethical, spiritually-imbued, and globally-competitive physicians.





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GROSS ANATOMY /

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

PROGRAM OUTCOMES (PO) COURSE OUTCOMES (CO) COURSE DESCRIPTION

The main goal of the Doctor of Medicine program is to develop professional physicians for the Philippine healthcare system. The graduate of the Doctor of Medicine program is a primary care physician who can pursue general private medical practice after passing the PLE.

After successful completion of the program, graduates are expected to:

1. Competently manage clinical conditions of all patients in various settings

2. Convey information, in written and oral formats, across all types of audiences, venues and media in a manner that can be easily understood.

3. Initiate planning, organizing, implementation and evaluation of programs and health facilities. Provide clear direction, inspiration and motivation to the healthcare team/community.

4. Utilize current research evidence in decision making as practitioner, educator or researcher. Participate in research activities.

5. Effectively work in teams in managing patients, institutions, projects and similar situations.

6. Utilize system-based approach in actual delivery of care. Network with relevant partners in solving general health problems.

7. Update oneself through a variety of avenues for personal and professional growth to ensure quality healthcare and patient safety.

8. Adhere to national and international codes of conduct and legal standards that govern the profession.

9. Demonstrate love for one’s national heritage, respect for other cultures and commitment to service

10. Adhere to the principles of relevance, equity, quality and cost effectiveness in the delivery of healthcare to patients, Families and communities

After successful completion of GHSB 101, students are expected to:

1. Acquire a basic knowledge of the gross anatomy of the human body

2. Correlate clinical cases to involved anatomical structures

3. Demonstrate the basic knowledge in anatomy in cadaver dissection.

4. Effectively work as a teams during cadaver dissection and small group discussion.

5. Demonstrate decorum expected from a future medical doctor and display values / attitudes like integrity, respect for other people including cadavers used in dissection.

6. Integrate relevant research work in journals to clinical case discussions.

7. Demonstrate good communication skills, both oral and written in small group discussion, cadaver dissection and written reports on clinical cases involving anatomical structures.

Gross Anatomy is an annual subject given to 1st year medical students with 4 hours lecture and 4 hours laboratory/week a total of 10 units/year. It deals with the study of normal morphology and functions of the component organs of the different body systems. It studies also the architecture and interrelation of the different parts of the body obtained by gross dissection of human cadavers. The topics are taken up more or less synchronously with those in the other subjects in the 1st year (Horizontal integration of curriculum)

The course starts with generalities and introduction to

the study of the anatomical structures of the human body.

After which, the different body systems are discussed with

regional consideration and clinical correlation.

Selected clinical cases related to the topics discussed are subjected to small group discussion by these students in the laboratory class supervised by the Gross Anatomy faculty.





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GROSS ANATOMY /

ALIGNMENT OF COURSE OUTCOMES WITH PROGRAM OUTCOMES

No COURSE OUTCOMES (CO)

At the end of the course, students are expected to be able to:

LEVEL OF EMPHASIS

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10

1 Acquire a basic knowledge of the gross anatomy of the human body P X

2 Correlate clinical cases to involved anatomical structures I X

3 Demonstrate the basic knowledge in anatomy in cadaver dissection. D X

4 Effectively work as a teams during cadaver dissection and small group discussion.

D X

5

Demonstrate decorum expected from a future medical doctor and display values / attitudes like integrity, respect for other people including cadavers used for dissection.

D X

6 Integrate relevant research work in journals to clinical case discussions.

P X

7

Demonstrate good communication skills, both oral and written in small group discussion, cadaver dissection and written reports on clinical cases involving anatomical structures.

D X

LEVELS OF EMPHASIS: INTRODUCTION (I): Outcome are merely introduced in the course. New concepts are taught and examples are provided during class. In the activity students show they can remember and understand the material. PRACTICED: (P): The Instructor discuss how to use the concept and provided examples. In the activity, the students demonstrate they can apply what they have learned to news cases and/or they can analyze a new case in terms of how a concept should be used or the steps that should followed: Outcomes are not just introduced but practice in the course. DEMONSTRATED (D):. The instructor discuss how different concepts affect each other and how to address situations when various topics interact. In the activity, the students demonstrate they can evaluate complex cases and/or can create a complex product that combines what they have learned. Outcomes are practiced and demonstrated and assessed





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GROSS ANATOMY /

WEEK UNIT OUTCOMES (UO)

At the end of the unit, students are expected to be able to: COURSE CONTENT

TEACHING ACTIVITIES

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

ASSESSMENT TASKS

ASSESSMENT TOOLS

RESOURCES

1st SEMESTER

1

Discuss the course expectations, grading system, course requirements, etc.

1. Define Human Anatomy 2. Describe the main divisions of Human anatomy 3. Discuss the different levels of structural

organization of the human body 4. Describe briefly the different body systems 5. Describe a person in relation to:

a. Anatomical position b. Imaginary planes c. Anatomical planes of relationship

INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY 1. Definition of Human Anatomy 2. Divisions of Human Anatomy

2.1. Gross Anatomy 2.2. Microscopic Anatomy 2.3. Neuroanatomy 2.4. Embryology

3. Levels of structural organization of the body 3.1. Molecular 3.2. Cellular 3.3. Tissue 3.4. Organ 3.5. System

4. Different body systems 4.1. Integumentary 4.2. Muscular 4.3. Skeletal and Articular 4.4. Circulatory 4.5. Cardiovascular 4.6. Nervous 4.7. Digestive 4.8. Reproductive 4.9. Immune 4.10. Endocrine 4.11. Hematopoietic

-Didactic -Demonstrates

-Lecture -Demonstrates -Group dynamics -Laboratory exercises -Cadaver dissection

-Multiple Choice -Binary -Matching Type -Fill in the blanks -Laboratory practicals (identification and/or side questions)

Answer Key for all written exam Rubric for cadaver dissection

T1, p.1 - 33 T2, p.1 - 32





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5. Anatomical Position 6. Imaginary Anatomical Planes 7. Anatomical Planes of Relationship

2

1. Discuss the different functions of the bones. 2. Classify bones according to:

2.1. Shape 2.2. Development

3. Give the components and important features of the different bones comprising the: 3.1. Axial skeleton 3.2. Appendicular skeleton

4. Differentiate the various types of joints as to: 4.1. Type of binding tissue between articulating

bones 4.2. Degree of movement allowed

5. Discuss synovial joints in relation to: 5.1. Its parts 5.2. Types and examples for each type

SKELETAL AND ARTICULAR SYSTEMS 1. Functions of bones 2. Classification of bones according to shape

2.1. Long and short bones 2.2. Flat bones 2.3. Irregular bones 2.4. Sesamoid

3. Classification of bones according to development 3.1. Endochondral 3.2. Membranous

4. Divisions of the skeleton 4.1. axial skeleton 4.2. appendicular skeleton

5. Parts of a joint 6. Classification of joints

6.1. According to type of binding tissue between articulating bones

6.2. According to degree of movement allowed

7. Clinical correlation





T2, p.287–238 T2, p.328-373

3

1. Enumerate the functions of the Muscular System. 2. Differentiate the three types of muscle tissues

based on their important features. 3. Give the bases for nomenclature of muscles 4. Differentiate axial muscles from appendicular

MUSCULAR SYSTEM 1. Functions of muscles 2. Types of muscles

2.1. Cardiac 2.2. Skeletal


-Lecture -Demonstrates -Group dynamics -Laboratory

-Multiple Choice -Binary -Matching Type -Fill in the blanks -Laboratory

Answer Key for all written exam Rubric for cadaver

T2, p. 435–521





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muscles as to: 4.1. Nerve supply 4.2. Actions

5. Give examples of clinical conditions involving impairment of muscle function

2.3. Smooth 3. Parts of a Skeletal Muscle 4. Bases for nomenclature of muscles 5. Classification of muscle groups

5.1. According to primary actions 5.1.1. Flexion-extension 5.1.2. Abduction-adduction 5.1.3. Rotation-circumduction 5.1.4. Pronation-supination

5.2. According to location 5.2.1. Axial muscles

5.2.1.1. Muscles of head and neck 5.2.1.1.1. Muscles of facial

expression 5.2.1.1.2. Muscles of

mastication 5.2.1.1.3. Muscles of the

tongue 5.2.1.1.4. Muscles of the

pharynx 5.2.1.1.5. Extraocular eye

muscles 5.2.1.1.6. Extrinsic &

intrinsic laryngeal muscles

5.2.1.2. Intrinsic muscles of vertebral column

5.2.1.3. Muscles of thoracic and abdomino-pelvic wall

exercises -Cadaver dissection

practicals (identification and/or side questions)

dissection





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5.2.1.4. Muscles of the perineum 5.2.2. Appendicular muscles

5.2.2.1. Muscles of upper extremities

5.2.2.2. Muscles of lower extremities

3

1. Describe the surface landmarks of the shoulder region and its adjoining pectoral, scapular, and deltoid areas 2. Enumerate the structures in the superficial fascia of the pectoral region 3. Describe the male and female mammary glands 4. Describe the structures in the clavipectoral fascia 5. Identify the dorsal scapular spaces 6. Give the boundaries and contents of the dorsal scapular spaces 7. Discuss the formation of scapular anastomosis and its importance. 8. Tabulate the origin, insertion, nerve supply, and actions of the muscles of the pectoral, scapular, and deltoid areas. 10. Describe the shoulder joint and its ligaments 11. Enumerate the rotator cuff muscles 12. Give the muscles acting on the shoulder joint 13. Discuss clinical correlation pertaining to the shoulder joint

SHOULDER REGION I. Surface Anatomy 1.1. clavicle 1.2. sternum 1.3 Scapula 1.4 Head of the humerus 2. Superficial fascia 2.1 Cutaneous nerves 2.2 Blood vessels 2.3 Breast 3. Deep Fascia 4. Muscles of the Pectoral region 4.1 Pectoralis major 4.2 Pectoralis minor 4.3 Subclavius 4.4 Serratus anterior 5. Muscles of the Scapula 5.1 Deltoid 5.2 Supraspinatus 5.3 Infraspinatus 5.4 Subscapularis 5.5 Teres minor 5.6 Teres major





T1, p. 358–367 T2, p. 394–398 T2, p. 449–450





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6. Shoulder joint 6.1. Articulation 6.2 Type of joint 6.3 Capsule 6.4 Ligaments 6.5 Nerve supply 6.6 Movements 6.6.1 Flexion (90 degrees) 6.6.2 Extension (45 degrees) 6.6.3 Lateral rotation (40-45 degrees) 6.6.4 Medial rotation (55 degrees) 6.6.5 Circumduction 6.7 Structures adding stability to the shoulder joint 7. Dorsal Scapular Spaces 7.1 Quadrangular Space 7.2 Triangular Space 7.3 Triangular interval

3

1. Describe the thoracolumbar fascia

2. Discuss the back in relation to:

2.1 blood vessels of the back

2.2 nerve supply

2.3 lymphatic drainage

2.4 layers of the muscles

4. Tabulate the origin, insertion, action and nerve

supply of the different layer of the muscles of

the back

5. Describe the auscultation triangle

BACK 1. Deep fascia of the back (thoracolumbar fascia) 1.1 The lumbar part 1.2 the thoracic part 1.3 The cervical part 2. Blood supply of the back 2.1 Cervical region 2.2 Thoracic region 2.3 Lumbar region 2.4 Sacral region









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6. Describe the triangle of Petit

7. Identify the muscles of the back of the neck,

including their attachments and actions.

8.Name the muscles forming the boundaries of the

suboccipital triangle.

3. Veins of the back 3.1 External vertebral venous plexus 3.2 Internal vertebral venous plexus 4. Lymph drainage of the back 5. Nerve supply of the back 6. Muscles of the back 6.1 Superficial Muscles of the back 6.1.1 Trapezius 6.1.2 Latissimus dorsi 6.1.3 Levator scapulae 6.1.4 Rhomboid minor 6.1.5 Rhomboid major

4

1. Discuss the axilla in relation to: 1.1. the surface landmarks of the axilla 1.2. the structures that form the anterior, medial,

lateral, and posterior walls of the axilla 1.3. the axillary sheath 1.4. the contents of the axilla

2. Enumerate the structures in the superficial fascia of the arm giving a brief description of each.

3. Name the muscular compartments of the arm 4. Tabulate the origin, insertion, nerve supply, and

action of the muscle in each compartment 5. Describe the brachial artery 6. Illustrate the course of the following nerves in the arm 6.1 Median nerve 6.2 Radial nerve 6.3 Ulnar nerve

AXILLA AND ARM 1. Surface landmarks 1.1 Anterior axillary fold 1.2 Posterior axillary fold 2. Axilla 2.1 Walls of the axilla 2.2 Contents of the axilla 3. Axillary artery 3.1 1st part 3.2 2nd part 3.3 3rd part 4.Axillary vein 5. Axillary lymph nodes 5.1 Anterior (pectoral) group 5.2 Posterior (subscapular) group 5.3 Lateral group 5.4 Central group





T1, p.334–378 T2, p.460–471





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6.4 Musculocutaneous nerve 5.5. Infraclavicular (deltopectoral) group 5.6 Apical group 6. Brachial plexus 6.1 Roots 6.2 Trunks 6.3 Divisions 6.4 Cords 7. Arm 7.1 Superficial fascia 7.1.1. Cutaneous nerves 7.1.1.1 Supraclavicular nerves (C3 – C4) 7.1.1.2 Upper lateral brachial cutaneous nerve (C5 – C6) 7.1.1.3 Lower lateral brachial cutaneous nerve (C5 – C6) 7.1.1.4 Medial brachial cutaneous nerve (T1) and intercostobrachial nerve (T2) 7.1.1.5 Posterior brachial cutaneous nerve (C8) 7.1.2 Superficial Veins 7.1.2.1 Cephalic vein 7.1.2.2 Basilic vein 7.1.3 Superficial Lymph vessels 7.2 Deep Fascia 7.3 Anterior Arm Compartment 7.3.1 Blood Supply





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7.3.2 Nerve Supply 7.3.3 Muscles 7.3.3.1 Biceps brachii 7.3.3.2 Coracobrachialis 7.3.3.3 Brachialis 7.4 Posterior Arm Compartment 7.4.1 Blood supply 7.4.1.1 Profunda brachii artery 7.4.1.2 Superior and Inferior ulnar collateral arteries 7.4.2 Nerve supply 7.4.3 Muscles 7.4.3.1 Triceps brachii 8. Ulnar nerve

7

Anterior Forearm 1. Describe the cubital fossa. 2. Describe the cutaneous innervation of the anterior

forearm (lateral and medial). 3. Name the neurovascuar contents of the superficial

fascia. 4. Tabulate the origin, insertion, individual action and

nerve supply of the muscles in the anterior compartment

5. Describe the flexor retinaculum. 6. Name the structures of anterior forearm that pass

superficial to the flexor retinaculum. 7. Give the implications of the passing of the median

nerve under the flexor retinaculum. 8. Illustrate the blood supply and nerve supply of the

ANTERIOR FOREARM (Ulno-volar surface): CUBITAL FOSSA and PALMAR SURFACE OF THE HAND 1. The Cubital fossa 1.1.Boundaries 1.2.Contents 2. Cutaneous innervation of the forearm 3. Contents of the superficial fascia 4. Muscles of the anterior forearm 4.1 superficial group 4.1.1 pronator teres 4.1.2 flexor carpi radialis 4.1.3 palmaris longus 4.1.4 flexor carpi ulnaris 4.2 intermediate group





T1, p.378–418 T2, p.471–486





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anterior forearm Palmar surface of the hand 1. Describe the innervation of the palmar surface of

the hand. 2. Describe the palmar aponeurosis and its clinical

importance. 3. Discuss the superficial and deep palmar arterial

arches. 4. Discuss the thenar and hypothenar eminence in

relation to: 4.1. their significance. 4.2. the origin, insertion, and nerve supply. 4.3. the actions of the muscles

5. Tabulate the origin, insertion, action and nerve supply of the lumbricals, and interossei muscles

Clinical aspects: 1. Discuss carpal tunnel syndrome 2. Define medial epicondylitis (Golfer’s elbow). 3. Analyze how the ff. develop 3.1. Claw hand deformity. 3.2. Ape hand deformity

4.2.1 Flexor digitorum superficialis 4.3 deep group 4.3.1 Flexor digitorum profundus 4.3.2 Flexor pollicis longus 4.3.3 Pronator quadratus 5. Flexor retinaculum 6. Blood supply of the anterior forearm 6.1 Ulnar artery 6.2 Radial artery 7. Nerve supply of the anterior forearm 7.1 Median nerve 7.2 Ulnar nerve 8. Palmar surface of hand 8.1 Skin 8.2 Sensory innervation 8.3 Deep fascia of the hand 8.3.1 Palmar aponeurosis 8.4 Palmar arterial arches 8.5 Deep palmar arch 8.6 Branches of the radial artery in the palm 8.7 Thenar and hypothenar eminences 8.7.1 Thenar eminence 8.7.2 Hypothenar eminence 9. Small muscle of the hands 9.1 Palmaris brevis 9.2 Lumbricals 9.3 Interossei 9.3.1 Palmar 9.3.2 Dorsal





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10. Short muscles of the thumb 10.1 Abductor pollicis brevis 10.2 Flexor pollicis brevis 10.3 Opponens pollicis 10.4 Adductor pollicis 11. Short muscles of little finger 11.1 Abductor digiti minimi 11.2 Flexor digiti minimi 11.3 Opponens digiti minimi

4

1. Discuss the posterolateral forearm in relation to: 1.1. cutaneous innervation 1.2. muscles in the posterolateral forearm.

1.2.1. Origin 1.2.2. Insertion 1.2.3. Nerve supply 1.2.4. Action

1.3. neurovascular components 2. Describe the extensor retinaculum and its

attachments. 3. Give the contents of the osteofascial compartments

under the extensor retinaculum. 4. Describe the anatomical snuffbox. 5. Describe the dorsum of the hand. Wrist (radio-carpal) Joint 1. Name the bones that form the wrist joint 2. Classify the wrist joint. 3. State what specific variety of joint is the wrist. 4. Name the movements possible at the wrist.

POSTERO-LATERAL FOREARM, DORSUM OF HAND AND FINGERS ELBOW AND WRIST JOINTS 1. Postero – Lateral Forearm 1.1. Cutaneous innervation 1.2. Muscles of postero-lateral forearm 1.2.1 Muscles of lateral (fascial) c compartment of the forearm 1.2.1.1 Brachioradialis 1.2.1.2 Extensor carpi radialis longus 1.2.2. Muscles of posterior forearm 1.2.2.1 Superficial group 1.2.2. Deep group 1.3. Neurovascular structures of the lateral forearm 1.4. Neurovascular structures of the posterior forearm 1.5 External retinaculum 1.6 Osteofascial Compartment (tunnels) 1.6.1 Contents









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Elbow Joint 1. Name the bones that articulate at the elbow. 2. Name the articulations at the elbow. 3. Give the movements possible at each articulation. 4. Give the blood supply and nerve supply of the elbow.

1.7 Anatomical Snuffbox 1.7.1 Boundaries 1.7.2 Significance 2. Dorsum of hand 2.1 Skin 2.2 Blood vessels 2.2.1 Dorsal venous arch 2.2.2 Radial artery on the dorsum of hand 2.3 Tendons on the dorsum of hand 3. Wrist joint 4. Elbow joint 4.1 Humeroulnar joint 4.2 Humeroradial joint 4.3 Blood supply of the elbow joint 4.4 Nerve supply

5

1. Briefly describe the landmarks of the anterior and medial thigh

2. Describe the anteromedial thigh aspect in relation to the: 2.1. surrounding fascia

2.1.1. superficial fascia 2.1.2. anterior fascia 2.1.3. medial fascia 2.1.4. deep fascia 2.1.5. cribriform fascia

2.2. nerve innervation of muscle components 2.3. origin and termination of saphenous vein 2.4. blood supply

ANTERO MEDIAL THIGH AND HIP JOINT

1. Surface Anatomy 1.1 Anterior superior iliac spine 1.2 Iliac crest 1.3 Pubic crest 1.4 Pubic tubercle 2. Superficial fascia, cutaneous nerves and vessels, superficial lymph nodes 2.1 Superficial fascia 2.2 Cutaneous fascia 2.2.1 from lumbar plexus 2.2.2 from femoral nerve 2.2.3 from obturator nerve





T1, p.450–463 T1, p.500–504 T2, p.490–493 T2, p.496





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2.5. cutaneous nerves and blood vessels 2.6. components of the femoral sheath and femoral

triangle 2.7. component muscles and their actions, origin,

insertion, and nerve supply. 3. Enumerate the components of the hip joint. 4. Describe the hip joint as to classification,

articulating bones and ligaments. 5. Describe the movements possible at the hip joint

and the muscles involved in each movement of the hip joint.

2.3 Cutaneous Vessels 2.4 Superficial lymph nodes 3. Deep fascia 3.1 fascia lata 3.2 saphenous opening 3.2.1 Great saphenous Vein 3.3 intermuscular septa 4. Femoral sheath 5. Femoral triangle – boundaries and contents 6. Muscles of the anterior compartments 7. Femoral artery, vein and nerve 8. Adductor canal- Boundaries and contents 8.1 Contents 9. Muscles of the medial compartments 10. Obturator nerve and vessels 11. Profunda femoris artery and vein 12. Hip joint 12.1 Types 12.2 Articulating Bones 12.3 Capsule 12.4 Ligaments 12.5 Muscles and movements involved with the hip joint 12.6. Nerve supply of the hip joint 12.7 Blood supply of the hip joint 12.8 Stability of the hip joint

6 PRELIM EXAMINATION WEEK

7 1. Identify the superficial nerves and vessels in the ANTERIOR AND LATERAL LEG AND -Didactic -Lecture -Multiple Choice Answer Key for T1, p.481-486





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superficial fascia of the anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot.

2. Discuss the individual muscles of the anterolateral fascial compartments of the leg and dorsum of foot in relation to: 2.1. The individual muscle components and their

course from their origin to insertion 2.2. The innervation and blood supply of the

muscles within their respective compartments 2.3. The relationships of the structures

3. Trace the nerves and blood vessels in the antero-lateral leg and dorsum of foot.

4. Discuss the knee and ankle joints in relation to the: 4.1. component bony structures forming the knee

and ankle joint. 4.2. individual ligaments supporting the joints. 4.3. movements involved with the joints and their limitations

DORSUM OF FOOT 1. Skin 1.1 Cutaneous nerves 1.2 Superficial veins 1.3 Lymph vessels 2. Fascia 3. Anterior fascial compartment of the leg 3.1 Muscles 3.2 Blood supply of the anterior fascial compartment of the leg 3.3 Nerve supply of the anterior fascial compartment of the leg 4. Lateral muscular compartment of the leg 4.1 Muscles 4.2 Blood supply of the lateral fascial compartment of the leg 4.3 Nerve supply of the lateral fascial compartment of the leg 5. Dorsum of the foot 5.1 Skin 5.1.1 Cutaneous nerves 5.2 Muscles of the dorsum of the foot 5.3 Artery of the dorsum of the foot 5.4 Dorsal Venous Arch 5.5 Nerve supply of the dorsum of the foot

-Demonstrates -Demonstrates -Group dynamics -Laboratory exercises -Cadaver dissection

-Binary -Matching Type -Fill in the blanks -Laboratory practicals (identification and/or side questions)

all written exam Rubric for cadaver dissection

T1, p. 498-500 T1, p. 500- 508

7

GLUTEAL REGION 1. Name the boundaries of the gluteal region. 2. Describe the gluteal region in relation to its:

2.1. Surface anatomy

GLUTEAL REGION AND POSTERIOR THIGH 1. Boundaries of the gluteal region 2. Surface anatomy of the gluteal region and the posterior thigh


-Lecture -Demonstrates -Group dynamics

-Multiple Choice -Binary -Matching Type -Fill in the blanks

Answer Key for all written exam Rubric for

T1, p. 438-449 T1, p.465-467





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2.2. Component muscles and their origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply

2.3. Supporting structures and nerve content, including the distribution of the nerves

2.4. Venous and lymphatic drainage 3. Describe the structures that pass through the

greater sciatic foramen. POSTERIOR THIGH 1. Describe the surface anatomy of the posterior

thigh. 2. Name the muscles of the posterior thigh. 3. Tabulate the proximal and distal attachments,

innervation and main action of the posterior thigh muscles.

4. Describe the course of the sciatic nerve from the gluteal region to the posterior thigh

5. Name the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve and its general distribution.

3. The gluteal muscles 3.1 large glutei 3.2 small lateral rotator of the thigh 4. Gluteal ligaments 5. The sciatic foramina 6. Gluteal nerves 6.1 Superficial Gluteal Nerves 6.2 Deep Gluteal Nerves 7. Gluteal arteries 8. Gluteal veins 9. Lymphatic drainage o the gluteal region and thigh 10. The posterior thigh muscles

-Laboratory exercises -Cadaver dissection

-Laboratory practicals (identification and/or side questions)

cadaver dissection

8

POPLITEAL FOSSA 1. Give the boundaries of the popliteal fossa. 2. Enumerate the contents of the popliteal fossa. POSTERIOR LEG 1. Identify the cutaneous innervations of the posterior

leg. 2. Identify the superficial veins of the posterior leg. 3. Describe the muscles that occupy the superficial

and deep fascial compartments of the posterior leg.

THE POPLITEAL REGION, THE POSTERIOR LEG, THE SOLE OF THE FOOT, THE ARCHES OF THE FOOT, SUBTALAR AND TRANSVERSE TARSAL JOINTS 1. Boundaries of the popliteal fossa 2. Contents of the popliteal fossa 2.1 Popliteal vessels 2.2 Popliteal nerves 2.3 Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh 2.4 Genicular branch of the obturator nerve





T1, p. 476-479 T1, p. 487-490 T1, p. 490-498 T1, p 508-511 T1, p.507-508





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4. Describe the tibial vessels and tibial nerve. SOLE OF THE FOOT 1. Describe the skin of the sole and its innervations. 2. Describe the flexor retinaculum and the plantar

aponeurosis. 3. Describe the muscles and tendons found in the

different layers of the sole. 4. Describe the plantar artery and plantar nerves. ARCHES OF THE FOOT 1. Give the function of the foot. 2. Enumerate the arches of the foot and its bony

composition. 3. Describe the mechanical design of the foot arch. SUBTALAR JOINT 1. Describe the formation of the subtalar joint. Enumerate the movements possible with the subtalar joint. TRANSVERSE TARSAL JOINTS 1. Enumerate the transverse tarsal joints. 2. Describe the bones forming the transverse tarsal

joints.

3. Give the movements at the transverse tarsal joints.

2.5 Popliteal lymph nodes 3. Posterior or flexor compartment of the leg 3.1 Skin 3.1.1Cutaneous nerves 3.1.2 Superficial veins 3.1.3 Lymph vessels 3.2 Fascial Compartment 3.2.1 Muscles 3.2.1.1 Superficial Group muscles 3.2.1.2 Deep Group muscles 3.2.2 Blood vessels 3.2.3 Tibial nerve 4. Sole of the foot 4.1 Skin 4.2 Deep fascia 4.3 Muscles 4.4 Blood vessels 4.4.1 Arteries of the sole of the foot 4.4.2 Veins of the sole of the foot 4.5 Nerves 5. Arches of the foot 5.1 The foot as a functional unit 5.2 Arches of the foot 5.3 The foot imprint 5.4 Mechanisms of the foot arch support: Analogy to design of a stone bridge 6. Subtalar Joint 6.1 Ligaments 7. Transverse Tarsal joints





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8

NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Discuss the general functions of the nervous

system 2. Give the morphological and functional divisions of

the nervous system 3. Briefly describe the two divisions of the CNS and

the components of their gray and white substances.

BRAIN 1. Identify the embryologic subdivisions of the brain

and the corresponding component parts. 2. Describe the different fissures and lobes of the

cerebrum 3. Give the functions of the following important

cortical areas: 3.1. Pre-central gyrus 3.2. Post-central gyrus 3.3. Pre-motor area 3.4. Pre-frontal area 3.5. Broca’s area 3.6. Transverse gyri of Heschl 3.7. Calcarine area

4. Describe the different parts of the basal ganglia and their general functions.

5. Describe the component parts of diencephalon and their important functions

6. Describe the different parts of the brainstem 7. Discuss the gross parts and functions of the

NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. Morphological divisions of the nervous system 2. Functional divisions of the nervous system 3. Types of cells in the nervous system 4. Central nervous system 4.1 Brain 4.1.1 Embryological divisions of the brain 4.1.2 Fissures of cerebrum 4.1.3 Lobes of the cerebral cortex 4.1.4 Functions of the cerebrum 4.1.5 Functional areas of the cerebrum 4.1.6 Nerve fibers in the cerebrum 4.2 Basal ganglia 4.3 Diencephalon 4.4 Mesencephalon 4.5 Rhombencephalon 4.6 Ventricles of the brain 5. Meninges 6. Spinal cord 7. Peripheral nervous system: Spinal and cranial nerves 7.1 Spinal nerves 7.1.1 Plexuses 7.2 Cranial nerves









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cerebellum 8. Describe the parts of the fibrous covering of the

brain 9. Trace the flow of CSF from its site of production to

its drainage. SPINAL CORD Describe the spinal cord as to:

1. Location 2. Shape 3. Length 4. Levels of vertebral extents 5. Fissures 6. Gray and white substance

CRANIAL NERVES 1. Name the different sensory nerves and functions. 2. Name the different motor nerves and functions. 3. Name the different mixed nerves and functions. 4. Describe the location of these cranial nerves. SPINAL NERVES 1. Describe the formation of a spinal nerve. 2. Explain the functional classification of spinal nerves. 3. Identify the 31 pairs of spinal nerves. 4. Describe the foramina of exit of these spinal nerves. 5. Discuss the formation of nerve plexuses.

7.2.1 Classification of cranial nerves 8. Autonomic nervous system 8.1 Autonomic subdivisions 8.2 Functions of the autonomic nervous system 9. Neuroclinical Correlation





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AUTONOMIC NERVES 1. Differentiate between the somatic and visceral

efferent nervous system 2. Differentiate between sympathetic and para-

sympathetic nervous system as to origin of their preganglionic fibers and types of neuro-transmitters involved.

9

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. Enumerate the parts of the alimentary tract and the

functions of each organ. 2. Enumerate the accessory organs of digestion and

their functions. ORAL CAVITY 1. Describe the two divisions of the oral cavity and

their boundaries. 2. Describe the gross features of the dorsal and

inferior surfaces of the tongue 3. Describe the two kinds of teeth and their important

features 4. Name the ducts of salivary glands opening in the

oral cavity PHARYNX AND ESOPHAGUS 1.Differentiate the important features of the three parts of the pharynx 2.Enumerate the three anatomic and physiologic constrictions of the esophagus.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 1. Basic Digestive Process 2. Main Division 2.1 Digestive tract 2.1.1 Divisions of oral cavity 2.1.2 Accessory structures of oral cavity 2.1.3 Pharynx 2.1.4 Esophagus 2.1.5 Stomach 2.1.6 Small intestine 2.1.7 Large intestine 2.2Accessory digestive organs found in abdomen 2.2.1 Liver 2.2.1.1 Lobes 2.2.1.2 Ligaments of the liver 2.2.1.3 Bile circulation 2.2.2 Gallbladder 2.2.3 Pancreas 3. Clinical correlation 4. Clinical cases





T2, p. 689-800





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3.State the significance of these constrictions STOMACH 1. Name the main parts of the stomach. 2. Describe the landmarks between each part. SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINES 1. Differentiate the subdivisions of the small intestines 2. Give the major functions of the small intestines 3. Describe the duodenum and the important structures related to it. 4. Enumerate the subdivisions of the large intestines 5. Differentiate the small and large intestines 6. Give the functions of the large intestines ACCESSORY ORGANS OF DIGESTION 1. Differentiate the three salivary glands in terms of the types of secretion and locations and the names of ducts 2. Describe the gross morphology of the pancreas 3. Give the functions of the pancreas 4. Describe the gross features of the liver and its different functions 5. Describe the role of the gallbladder in digestion 6. Trace the pathway of bile from site of production to its drainage in the 2nd part of the duodenum

9 1. Describe the abdominal region. 2. Illustrate the important surface landmarks.

ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL AND INGUINAL REGION


-Lecture -Demonstrates

-Multiple Choice -Binary

Answer Key for all written exam

T1, p.114-155





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3. Describe the following reference lines in the abdominal wall. 3.1. subcostal 3.2. transpyloric 3.3. mid-inguinal 3.4. intercristal 3.5. interlobular 4. Illustrate and label the 9 regions in the abdomen as well as the planes used to divide them. 5. Identify the organs found in each of the 9 regions. 6. Illustrate and label the 4 abdominal quadrants as well as the landmarks used. 7. Name the cutaneous nerves and vessels of the anterior abdominal wall. 8. Discuss the femoral ring as to its boundaries and clinical significance. 9. Enumerate the different layers of the antero- lateral abdominal wall from without inwards. 10. Discuss the antero-lateral abdominal muscles as to the following: 10.1. origin 10.2. insertion 10.3. action 10.4. nerve supply 11. Illustrate the formation of the rectus sheath at the following levels: 11.1. subcostal 11.2. above the level of the anterior superior

1. Definition 2. Surface landmarks 3. Abdominal Anatomical planes 4. Nine regions of the abdomen 5. Four major quadrants of the abdomen 6. Surface projections of main abdominal organs 7. Cutaneous nerves and vessels 8. Fascia 8.1 superficial fascia 8.2 deep fascia 9. Muscles of the antero-lateral abdominal wall 9.1 common actions of anterolateral abdomInal muscles 10. Inguinal canal 10.1 Walls of the inguinal canal 10.2 Contents of the inguinal canal 11. Hesselbach's triangle ( inguinal triangle) 11.1 Boundaries 11.2 Significance 12. Femoral ring 12.1 Boundaries of the ring 12.2 Significance 13. Rectus sheath 13.1 Contents of rectus sheath 14. Blood vessels of the antero-lateral abdominal wall 15. Clinical correlation

-Group dynamics -Laboratory exercises -Cadaver dissection

-Matching Type -Fill in the blanks -Laboratory practicals (identification and/or side questions)

Rubric for cadaver dissection





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iliac spine 11.3. below the level of anterior superior iliac spine 12. Enumerate the contents of rectus sheath. 13. Identify the blood supply and innervation of the anterolateral abdominal muscles. 14. Discuss the umbilical ligaments and folds found at the posterior surface of the antero-lateral abdominal wall. 15. Describe the location of the inguinal region. 16. Describe the formation of the inguinal canal. 17. Name the boundaries of the inguinal canal. 18. Describe the superficial and deep inguinal rings. 19. Describe the Hesselbach’s triangle and its clinical importance. . 20. Name the structures passing in the inguinal canal in both the males and the female. 21. Differentiate between direct and indirect types of inguinal hernia.

15.1 Direct inguinal hernia 15.2 Indirect inguinal hernia

10

1. Discuss the different peritoneal folds 2. Name the umbilical folds 3. Describe the lesser and greater sac 4. Identify the boundaries of foramen of Winslow 5. Describe the intraperitoneal gutters, recesses, pouches 6. Identify the structures in the portal triad 7. Name the intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs

PERITONEUM, ABDOMINAL PORTION OF ESOPHAGUS, STOMACH, DUODENUM, PANCREAS AND SPLEEN 1. Peritoneal folds 1.1 Omentum 1.2 Ligament 1.3 Mesentery 2. Umbilical folds





T1, p. 160-167 T1, p. 157-160 T1, p. 201-203





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8. Discuss the anatomical relations of the esophagus stomach, duodenum, pancreas and spleen 9. Identify the gastroesophageal junction 10. Give the parts of stomach, duodenum and pancreas 11. Discuss the neurovascular structures supplying the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas and spleen 12. Discuss the structures in the hilus of the spleen 12. Discuss clinical cases/conditions involving esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, spleen 13.1 Barrett’s esophagus 13.2 Gastroesophageal reflux disease 13.3 Peptic ulcer disease 13.4 Pancreatic tumor 13.5 Splenectomy

3. Greater sac and lesser sac 4. Foramen of Winslow 5. Intraperitoneal gutters, recesses, pouches 6. Portal triad 7. Intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs 8. Abdominal part of esophagus 8.1 Z line 8.2 Blood supply and venous drainage 8.3 Lymphatic drainage 9. Stomach 9.1 Anatomical relations 9.2 Parts 9.3 Blood supply and venous drainage 9.4 Lymphatic drainage 10. Duodenum 10.1 Anatomical relations 10.2 Parts 10.3 Blood supply and venous drainage 10.4 Lymphatic drainage 11. Pancreas 11.1 Anatomical relations 11.2 Parts 11.3 Blood supply and venous drainage 11.4 Lymphatic drainage 12. Spleen 12.1 Location 12.2 Anatomical relations 12.3 Parts 12.4 Blood supply and venous drainage





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12.5 Lymphatic drainage 13. Clinical correlation 13.1 Barrett’s esophagus 13.2 Gastroesophageal reflux disease 13.3 Peptic ulcer disease 13.4 Pancreatic tumor 13.5 Splenectomy

10

1. Give a brief general description of the liver 2. Discuss the surface anatomy of the liver 3. Enumerate the functions of the liver 4. Describe the divisions of the liver 4.1 anatomical 4.2 physiologic 5. Describe the lobes of the liver 6. Name the ligaments of the liver 7. Identify the boundaries of the bare area 8. Discuss the surfaces of the liver 9. Discuss the blood supply of the liver 10.1 Hepatic artery 10.2 Portal vein 10. Trace the venous and lymphatic drainages of the liver 11. Discuss the innervation of the liver 12. Describe the location of the gallbladder 13. Name the parts of the gallbladder 14. Discuss the blood supply, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage, and nerve supply of the gallbladder 15. Describe the cystic duct

LIVER, BILIARY APPARATUS, JEJUNUM, ILEUM 1. Surface Anatomy of the liver 2. Functions of the liver 3. Divisions of the liver 3.1 Anatomic division 3.2 Physiologic division 4. Lobes of the liver 4.1 Right lobe 4.2 Left lobe 4.3 Quadrate lobe 4.4 Caudate lobe 5. Ligaments of the liver 5.1 falciform ligament 5.2 Triangular ligaments 5.3 Coronary ligaments 6. Bare Area of the liver 7. Surfaces of the liver 7.1 Diaphragmatic surface 7.2 Anterior surface 7.3 Posterior surface 7.4 Inferior surface





T1, p. 196-198 T1, p. 198- 200 T1, p. 172-180





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16. Discuss bile as to composition, volume and secretion 17. Describe the extrahepatic biliary tree 17.1 Hepatic ducts 17.2. Common bile duct 18. Discuss the cystohepatic triangle (triangle of Calot) in relation to its boundaries and clinical significance 19. Tabulate the differences between the jejunum and ileum. 20.Discuss the blood supply, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of the jejunum and ileum 21. Describe the mesentery proper 22. Explain the anatomic bases of selected clinical cases involving the liver, gallbladder, and the extrahepatic biliary tree.

8. Blood supply of the liver 8.1 Hepatic artery 8,2 Portal vein 9. Venous drainage of the liver 10. Lymphatic drainage of the liver 11. Nerve supply of the liver 12. Location of the gallbladder 13. Parts of the gallbladder 14. Blood supply of gallbladder 15. Venous drainage of gallbladder 16. Lymphatic Drainage of gallbladder 17. Nerve supply of gallbladder 18. Extrahepatic biliary tree 18.1 Right and left hepatic ducts 18.2 Common hepatic duct 18.3 Cystic duct 18.4 Common bile duct 19. Cystohepatic triangle 19.1 Boundaries 19.2 Contents 20. Differences between jejunum and ileum 21. Mesentery proper 21.1 Roots 21.2 Attachments 22. Clinical cases affecting the liver, gallbladder, and the extrahepatic biliary tree 22.1 Portal hypertension 22.2 Liver cirrhosis





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22.3 Cholecystolithiasis 22.4 Acute cholecystitis 22.5 Choledocholithiasis 22.6 Cholangitis

11

1. Enumerate the segments of the large intestine from cecum to sigmoid colon

2. Tabulate the general characteristics of the large intestine

3. Discuss the blood supply, venous drainage, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of the large intestine

4. Discuss the marginal artery of Drummond and its clinical significance

5. List the parts of the large intestine prone to bowel infarction

THE LARGE INTESTINE (from cecum to sigmoid colon) SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERIES AND VEINS AND ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES 1. General features of the large intestines 2. Segments of the large intestines 2.1.Cecum 2.2 Vermiform appendix 2.3 Ascending colon 2.4 Ascending colon 2.5 Transverse colon 2.6 Descending colon 2.7 Sigmoid colon 3. Blood supply of the colon 3.1 Superior mesenteric artery 3.2 Inferior mesenteric artery 4. Marginal artery of the colon (marginal artery of Drummond) 5. Venous drainage of the colon 6. Lymphatic drainage of the colon





T1, p. 180-196

12 MIDTERM EXAMINATION WEEK

13

At the end of the topic, the student can:

1. Discuss the functions of circulatory system 2. Name the subdivisions of the circulatory system

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 1. Lymphatic system 1.1 Lymphatic Organs 1.2 Lymphatic vessels


-Lecture -Demonstrates -Group dynamics

-Multiple Choice -Binary -Matching Type -Fill in the blanks

Answer Key for all written exam Rubric for





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3. Compare the different lymphatic organs in relation to surface anatomy, boundaries, blood supply, function

4. Give the main lymphatic vessels and their drainage 5. Describe the heart in relation to its:

5.1 Major components 5.2 Margins 5.3 Surfaces 5.4 Apex 5.5 Cardiac valves 5.6 Conducting system

6. Differentiate between arteries and veins 7. Name the big arteries of head and neck, thorax,

abdomen, pelvis, perineum, and extremities. Identify the corresponding big veins of the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, perineum, and extremities.

1.3. Functions 2. Cardiovascular system 2.1 Heart 2.1.1 Chambers 2.1.2 Margins 2.1.3 Surfaces 2.1.4 Apex 2.1.5 Cardiac valves 2.1.6 Conducting system 3. Blood Vessels 3.1 Arteries 3.2 Veins 4. Major arteries 4.1 Head and neck 4.2 Thorax 4.3 Abdomen 4.4 Pelvis 4.5 Perineum 4.6 Extremities

-Laboratory exercises -Cadaver dissection

-Laboratory practicals (identification and/or side questions)

cadaver dissection

13

1. Describe the surface anatomy of the anterior chest wall. 2. Discuss the components of the bony thorax 3. Describe the articulations of the bony thorax 4. Discuss the breast in relation to its parts, blood supply, venous drainage, and lymphatic drainage 5. Enumerate the layers of the thoracic wall 6. Discuss the muscles in the intercostal spaces 7. Discuss the neurovascular structures of the anterior thoracic wall

ANTERIOR THORACIC WALL, THORACIC CAVITY, LUNGS AND PLEURA 1. Surface landmarks in anterior thoracic wall 1.1 Jugular Notch 1.2 Sternal angle of Louis 1.3 Xiphisternal joint 1.4 Costal Margin 2. Bony thorax components 2.1 Sternum 2.2 Ribs









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8. Correlate the structures of the anterior thoracic wall to clinical procedures and conditions 9.1 Thoracentesis 9.2 Breast cancer

2.3 Thoracic vertebrae 3. Articulations of the bony thorax 3.1 costochondral joint 3.2 Costotransverse joint 3.3. Costovertebral joint 4. Breast 4.1Surface anatomy 4.2 Parts 4.3 Blood vessels 4.4. lymph drainage 5. Layers of the thoracic wall 6. Neurovascular structures of the anterior thoracic wall 6.1 Intercostal veins 6.2 Intercostal arteries 6.3 Intercostal nerves 7. Clinical correlation 7.1 Thoracentesis 7.2 Breast Cancer

14

1. Discuss the subdivisions of the mediastinum 2. Name the contents of the middle mediastinum 3. Discuss the phrenic nerve 3.1 Origin 3.2 Motor branches 3.3 Sensory branches 3.4 Course in the middle mediastinum 3.5 Accompanying blood vessels 4. Discuss the surface markings of the heart 5. Discuss the layers of the pericardium

MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM 1. Landmarks in middle mediastinum 2. Subdivisions of middle mediastinum 3. Contents of Middle Mediastinum 3.1 Phrenic nerve 3.2 Pericardiacophrenic vessels 3.3 Pericardium 3.4 Heart 3.1.1 Layers 3.1.2 Margins









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6. Discuss the heart 6.1 Layers 6.7 Conducting system 6.2 Margins 6.8 Blood Supply 6.3 Surfaces 6.9 Venous Drainage 6.4 Base 6.10 Nerve Supply 6.5 Apex 6.11 Cardiac valves 6.6 Chambers 7. Discuss clinical conditions and procedures related to structures in middle mediastinum

3.3 Surfaces 3.4 Base 3.5 Apex 3.6 Chambers 3.7 Conducting system 3.8 Blood Supply 3.9 Venous Drainage 3.10 Nerve Supply 3.11 Cardiac valves 3.5 Ascending aorta 3.6 Pulmonary trunk 4. Clinical conditions and procedure related to structures in middle mediastinum 4.1 Referred pain in phrenic nerve irritation 4.2 Pericardial effusion 4.3 Pericardiocentesis 4.4 Auscultation of cardiac valves 4.5 Cardiac valve abnormalities 4.6 Atrial septal defect 4.7 Ventricular septal defect 4.8 Tetralogy of Fallot 4.9 Transposition of the great vessels 4.10 Coronary artery disease

14

1. Enumerate the contents of superior, anterior, and posterior mediastinum 2. Describe the important structures in the superior mediastinum 3. Describe the important structures in the anterior mediastinum

ANTERIOR, SUPERIOR AND POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM 1. Contents of Superior Mediastinum 1.1 Thymus gland 1.2 Brachiocephalic veins 1.3 Superior Vena Cava


-Lecture -Demonstrates -Group dynamics -Laboratory exercises

-Multiple Choice -Binary -Matching Type -Fill in the blanks -Laboratory practicals






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4. Discuss the important structures in the posterior mediastinum 5. Discuss possible manifestations of a mediastinal tumor

1.4 Arch of aorta and branches 1.5 Left recurrent laryngeal nerve 1.6 Trachea 1.7 Esophagus 1.8 Vagus nerve 1.9 Phrenic nerve 1.10 Thoracic duct 1.11 Sympathetic trunk 2. Contents of the anterior mediastinum 2.1 Sternopericardial ligament 2.2 Thymus gland 2.3 Lymph nodes 3. Contents of the posterior mediastinum 3.1 Thoracic aorta 3.2 Esophagus 3.3 Thoracic Duct 3.4 Vagus nerve 3.5 Sympathetic trunk 3.6 Azygous vein 3.7 Hemiazygous vein

-Cadaver dissection

(identification and/or side questions)

15

1. Name the parts of the respiratory tract 2. Describe the components of the respiratory tract 3. Discuss the paranasal sinuses in relation to their location and clinical significance. 4. Differentiate the right lung from the right lung 5. Correlate the parts of respiratory system with clinical conditions 6. Explain the effects of smoking on the respiratory

system.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1. Function of the respiratory system 2. Parts of the respiratory tract 2.1 Nasal Cavity 2.1.1 External nose 2.1.2 Walls of Nasal Cavity 2.1.3 Nasal Septum 2.1.4 Nasal conchae 2.1.5 Meatuses









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2.1.6 Sphenoethmoidal recess 2.1.7 Openings in the Nasal cavity 2.2 Pharynx 2.2.1 Divisions 2.3 Larynx 2.3.1 Cartilages 2.3.2 Laryngeal inlet 2.3.3 Vocal cords 2.4 Trachea 2.5 Bronchus 2.5.1 Primary bronchus 2.5.2 Secondary bronchus 2.5.3 Tertiary bronchus 3. Paranasal sinuses 4. Lungs 4.1.Features of right lung 4.2 Features of left lung 4.3 Hilus 5. Clinical conditions associated with the respiratory system 5.1 Sinusitis 5.2 Aspiration 5.3 Bronchial asthma 6. Effects of smoking on the respiratory system

15

1. Compare the features of the external nose and internal nose.

2. Discuss the paranasal sinuses in relation to: 2.1. Location 2.2. Openings in the nasal cavity

NASAL AND ORAL CAVITIES, PARANASAL SINUSES AND PHARYNX 1. External Nose 1.1 Framework 2. Internal Nose









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2.3. Nerve Supply 3. Name the divisions of the oral cavity 4. Compare the salivary glands as to:

4.1. Location 4.2. Type of secretion 4.3. Ducts 4.4. Sites of openings of ducts

5. Describe the parts of a tooth and the types of teeth 6. Differentiate deciduous set of teeth from non-

deciduous set of teeth 7. Discuss the tongue in relation to its:

7.1. Parts 7.2. Papillae 7.3. Muscles 7.4. Blood vessels 7.5. Nerve innervation

7.5.1. Sensory

7.5.2. Motor 9. Discuss the palate as to: 9.1 Bony components 9.2 Muscles 9.3 Blood vessels 9.4 Nerves 10. Discuss the pharynx 10.1 Divisions 10.2 Features of the divisions of pharynx 10.3 Muscles of the pharynx 10.4 Blood vessels of the pharynx 10.5 Nerves

2.1 Walls of nasal cavity 2.2 Nasal septum 2.3 Meatuses 2.4 Sphenoethmoidal recess 2.5 Blood vessels 2.6 Nerves 3. Paranasal sinuses 3.1 Location 3.2 Openings in the nasal cavity 3.3 Nerve Supply 4. Divisions of the Oral cavity 5. Salivary glands 5.1 Location 5.2 Type of secretion 5.3 Ducts 5.4 Sites of openings of ducts 6. Tooth 6.1 Parts of a tooth 6.2 Types of tooth 6.3 Sets of teeth 6.3.1 Deciduous 6.3.2 Non-deciduous 7. Tongue 7.1 Parts 7.2 Papillae 7.3 Muscles 7.4 Blood vessels 7.5 Nerves 7.5.1 Sensory



dissection





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10.5.1 Sensory 10.5.2 Motor 11. Discuss clinical cases/conditions affecting nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx

7.5.2 Motor 9. Palate 9.1 Bony components 9.2 Muscles 9.3 Blood vessels 9.4 Nerves 10. Pharynx 10.1 Divisions 10.2 Features of the divisions of pharynx 10.3 Muscles of the pharynx 10.4 Blood vessels of the pharynx 10.5 Nerves 10.5.1 Sensory 10.5.2 Motor 11. Clinical correlation – conditions affecting nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, pharynx 11.1 Rhinitis 11.2 Epistaxis 11.3 Sinusitis 11.4 Koplik’s spot in measles 11.5 Otitis Media

16 REVIEW FOR FINAL PRACTICALS AND THEORETICALS

17 FINAL PRACTICALS

18 FINAL EXAMINATION WEEK





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2ND SEMESTER

1

1. Give the functions of the urinary system 2. Enumerate the component organs of the urinary system 3. Discuss the kidneys in relation to:

3.1. location 3.2. coverings 3.3. layers and the structures located in each layer 3.4. the nephron and its parts 3.5. the structures in the renal sinus

4. Describe the ureter on its route from the kidney to the urinary bladder

5. Cite the levels of ureteral constrictions 6. Describe the parts of the urinary bladder and the

urinary trigone 7. Differentiate male urethra from female urethra 8. Explain the manifestations of common clinical

conditions affecting the urinary system

URINARY SYSTEM 1. Functions of the urinary system 2. Kidney 2.1 Location 2.2 Coverings 2.3 Renal hilus 2.4 Layers 2.4.1 Renal cortex 2.4.2 Renal medulla 2.4.2.1 Renal pyramid 2.4.2.2 Renal column 2.5 Renal Sinus 2.5.1 Minor calyces 2.5.2 Major calyces 2.5.3 Renal pelvis 3. Ureter 3.1 Ureteral constrictions 4. Urinary bladder 4.1 Parts 4.2 Urinary trigone 5. Urethra 5.1 Female urethra 5.2 Male urethra 6. Clinical correlation 6.1 Acute glomerulonephritis 6.2 Urolithiasis









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6.3 Urinary tract infection

1

1. Enumerate the structures located in the posterior abdominal wall

2. Describe abdominal aorta in relation to its: 2.1. Commencement and termination 2.2. Visceral branches – paired and unpaired 2.3. Parietal branches – paired and unpaired 2.4. Structural relations

3. Illustrate the distribution of the branches of the abdominal aorta.

4. Describe the inferior vena cava in relation to: 4.1. Commencement and termination 4.2. Tributaries 4.3. Structural relations 4.4. The areas/organs drained by its tributaries

5. Describe the azygos and hemiazygos veins. 6. Illustrate the aortic plexuses 7. Describe the lumbar sympathetic trunk. 8. Discuss the lymphatic structures on the posterior

abdominal wall 8.1. Areas drained by the lymph nodes 8.2. Formation and course of thoracic duct

8.3. Discuss the effects of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm

POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL I 1. Abdominal aorta 1.1 Commencement and termination 1.2 Visceral branches – paired & unpaired 1.3 Parietal branches – paired & unpaired 1.4 Relation 2. Distribution of branches of abdominal aorta 3. Inferior vena cava 3.1 Commencement and termination 3.2 Tributaries 3.3 Relations 3.4 Areas/organs drained by its tributaries 4. Azygous and hemiazygous veins 5. Aortic plexuses 6. Lumbar sympathetic trunk 7. Lymphatics on the posterior abdominal wall 7.1 Lymph nodes 7.2 Thoracic duct 8. Clinical correlation 8.1 Abdominal aortic aneurysm





2

1. Describe the diaphragm 2. Name the structures passing through the hiatuses

of the diaphragm 3. Tabulate the muscles of the posterior abdominal

wall indicating the attachments, action, nerve

POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL II 1. Diaphragm 1.1 Fibers 1.1.1 Sternal 1.1.2 Costal









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supply of the muscles 4. Describe the location, component layers,

coverings, and anatomical relations of the kidneys 5. Trace the ureter from the kidney to the urinary

bladder 6. Describe the layers, neurovascular structures,

function, and secretions of the adrenal glands 7. Describe the formation of lumbar plexus 8. Identify the branches of lumbar plexus coming from

the different surfaces of psoas major 9. Trace the branches of lumbar plexus to the

structures they innervate 10. Discuss selected clinical conditions/procedures

involving structures in the posterior abdominal wall.

1.1.3 Vertebral 1.1.3.1 Crura 1.1.3.2 Arcuate ligaments 1.2 Central Tendon 1.3 Nerve supply 1.3.1 Sensory 1.3.2 Motor 1.4 Hiatuses 2. Muscles on the posterior abdominal wall 2.1 Attachments 2.2 Action 2.3 Nerve supply 3. Kidney 3.1 Location 3.2 Coverings 3.3 Renal hilus 3.4 Layers 3.4.1 Renal cortex 3.4.2 Renal medulla 3.4.2.1 Renal pyramid 3.4.2.2 Renal column 3.5 Renal Sinus 3.5.1 Minor calyces 3.5.2 Major calyces 3.5.3 Renal pelvis 4. Ureter 4.1 Ureteral constrictions 5. Adrenal gland 5.1 Location



dissection





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5.2 Layers 5.3 Secretions 5.4 Blood supply and venous drainage 5.5 Nerve supply 6. Lumbar plexus 6.1 Formation 6.2 Branches 7. Clinical correlation 7.1 Cushing’s syndrome 7.2 Pyelonephritis 7.3 Intravenous Pyelography

2

1. Describe the thoracolumbar fascia 2. Enumerate the blood vessels of the back 3. Give the nerve supply of the back 4. Describe the lymphatic drainage of the back. 5. Tabulate the muscles in the different layers of the

back indicating the origin, insertion, action, and nerve supply of the individual muscles.

6. Describe the boundaries of the auscultation triangle

7. Describe the triangle of Petit and its significance 8. Discuss the muscles of the back of the neck in

relation to their attachments and actions. 9. Name the muscles forming the boundaries of the

sub-occipital triangle. 10. Identify the contents of the sub-occipital triangle.

BACK 1.Thoracolumbar fascia 2. Blood supply of the back 3. Nerve supply of the back 4. Lymphatic drainage of the back 5. Muscle layers of the back 5.1 Superficial layer 5.1.1 Trapezius 5.1.2 Latissimus dorsi 5.1.3 Levator scapulae 5.1.4 Rhomboid major 5.1.5 Rhomboid minor 5.2 Intermediate layer 5.2.1 Serratus posterior superior 5.2.2 Serratus posterior inferior 5.2.3 Levatores costarum 5.3 Deep layer/Post-vertebral muscles 5.3.1 Erector spinae group









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5.3.1.1 Iliocostalis 5.3.1.2 Longissimus 5.3.1.3 Spinalis 5.3.2 Transversospinalis group 5.3.2.1 Rotatores 5.3.2.2 Multifidus 5.3.2.3 Semispinalis 5.3.3 Intertransversarii Interspinalis 6. Triangle of auscultation 7. Triangle of Petit 8. Muscles of the back of the neck 8.1 Trapezius 8.2 Splenius capitis 8.3 Semispinalis capitis 8.4 Suboccipital muscles 8.4.1 Rectus capitis posterior major 8.4.2 Rectus capitis posterior minor 8.4.3 Obliquus capitis inferior 8.4.4 Obliquus capitis superior 9. Suboccipital triangle 9.1 Boundaries 9.2 Contents

3

1. Describe the parts of a typical vertebra 2. Differentiate the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

and coccygeal vertebrae from each other 3. Identify the primary and secondary curvatures of

the vertebral column 4. Discuss the joints and ligaments in the vertebral

VERTEBRAL COLUMN AND CONTENTS OF VERTEBRAL CANAL

1. Vertebra 1.1 Parts of typical vertebra 1.2 Types of vertebra 2. Vertebral Column


-Lecture -Demonstrates -Group dynamics -Laboratory exercises

-Multiple Choice -Binary -Matching Type -Fill in the blanks -Laboratory practicals






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column 5. Discuss the composition of the intervertebral discs 6. Identify the contents of the vertebral canal. 7. Describe the meninges 8. Discuss the anatomy of the spinal cord 9. Explain the manifestations of selected clinical

cases involving the vertebral column and contents of the vertebral canal

2.1 Curvatures 2.1.1 Primary 2.1.2 Secondary 2.2 Joints 2.3 Ligaments 2.4 Intervertebral disc 2.4.1 Parts 2.4.2 Function 3. Contents of vertebral canal 3.1 Meninges 3.1.1 Extent of meninges 3.1.2 Spaces related to the meninges 3.1.3 Filum terminale 3.1.4 Denticulate ligament 3.2 Internal vertebral venous plexuses 3.2.1 Tributaries 3.2.2 Drainage 3.3 Spinal Cord 3.3.1 Length 3.3.2 Extent 3.3.3 Segments 3.3.4 Layers 3.3.5 Enlargements 3.3.6 Conus medullaris 3.3.7 Cauda equina 3.3.8 Blood supply 3.3.8.1 Artery of Adamkiewicz 4. Clinical correlation 4.1 Scoliosis

-Cadaver dissection

(identification and/or side questions)





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4.2 Herniated nucleus pulposus

3

1. Discuss the anatomy of the scalp region 2. Describe the features of the meninges 3. Differentiate the features of cranial and spinal dura

mater 4. Describe the different dural venous sinuses. 5. Identify the different areas of the brain drained by

the venous sinuses. 6. Enumerate the structures passing through or lying

in the wall of the cavernous sinus 7. Trace the blood flow from the different brain areas

to their terminations in the internal jugular vein.

SCALP, MENINGES AND V.D. OF BRAIN

1. Anatomy of the scalp 1.1 boundaries 1.2 layers 1.3 motor and sensory innervation 1.4 blood supply and venous drainage 1.5 clinical correlation 2. The Meninges 2.1 definition and function 2.2 layers and spaces in between 3. The Dura Mater 3.1 difference between cranial & spinal dura 3.2 different dural reflections of brain 3.2.1 falx cerebri 3.2.2 tentorium cerebelli 3.2.3 falx cerebelli 3.2.4 diaphragma sella 4. The Dural Venous Sinuses 4.1 superior sagittal sinus 4.2 inferior sagittal sinus 4.3 straight sinus 4.4 transverse sinus 4.5 sigmoid sinus 4.6 cavernous sinus 4.7 occipital sinus 4.8 superior and inferior petrosal sinus 5. Areas drained by the dural venous sinuses









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6. The Cavernous Sinus and related structures 7. Venous blood flow from different areas of brain to the internal jugular vein. 7.1 from supero-lateral portion of cerebrum 7.2 from medial & internal surfaces of brain 7.3 from basal surface of brain

4

1. Discuss the course, origin, and termination of the two main sources of blood supply of the brain

2. Illustrate by drawing the formation of the circle of Willis.

3. Describe the areas of distribution of the branches of circle of Willis

4. Discuss the features of the cranial fossa 5. Explain the clinical signs or symptoms resulting

from fractures of these fossae

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF BRAIN AND CRANIAL FOSSAE 1. The blood supply of the brain 1.1 Internal carotid and vertebral arteries 1.1.2 trunks of origin 1.1.2 course and termination in cranial cavity 2. The Circle of Willis 2.1 internal carotid artery 2.1.1 anterior cerebral artery 2.1.2 middle cerebral artery 2.1.3 posterior communicating artery 2.2 Anterior communicating artery 2.3 Vertebral artery 2.3.1 basilar 2.3.1.1 posterior cerebral artery 2.3.1.2 superior cerebellar 2.3.1.3 pontine arteries 2.3.1.4 internal auditory artery 2.3.1.5 anterior inferior cerebellar artery 2.3.2 posterior inferior cerebellar artery 2.3.3 Vertebral artery









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3. The areas supplied by the circle of Willis 4. The anatomy of the cranial fossa 4.1 division 4.1.1 anterior cranial fossa 4.1.2 middle cranial fossa 4.1.3 posterior cranial fossa 4.2 bones composing each fossa 4.3 parts of brain lodged in each 4.4 openings and spaces found in each 4.5 contents of different openings or spaces 5. Fractures of the cranial fossae

4

1. Differentiate the types of skin 2. Give the functions of the skin 3. List the features of the skin 4. Describe the layers of the skin 5. Describe the skin appendages

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 1. Types of skin 1.1. Hirsute skin 1.2.Glabrous skin 2. Functions of the skin 2.1. protective 2.2. excretory 2.3. serves as a sensory organ 2.4. body temperature regulation 3. Features of skin 3.1 skin lines 3.2 creases 3.3 pigmentation 4. Layers of the skin 4.1. Epidermis 4.1.1. stratum basale 4.1.2. stratum spinosum









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4.1.3. stratum granulosum 4.1.4. stratum lucidum 4.1.5. stratum corneum 4.2. Dermis (corium,cutis vera) 4.2.1.papillary layer 4.2.2.reticular layer 5. Skin appendages 5.1.Pilosebaceous unit 5.1.1.Hair 5.1.2.Hair follicle 5.1.3.Arrector pili muscle 5.1.4.Sebaceous glands 5.1.5.Apocrine glands 5.2.Nail unit 5.2.1. Nail plate 5.2.2. Matrix 5.2.3. Proximal nail fold 5.2.4. Nail bed 5.3. Eccrine sweat glands

5

1. Name the embryonic divisions of the brain and their component parts

2. Identify the different lobes of the cerebrum and the fissures/sulci separating these lobes

3. Give the functions of the cortical areas found in each lobe

4. Describe the fibers which compose the white matter of the cerebrum

5. Discuss the component parts of the basal ganglia

BRAIN 1. Embryonic divisions and component parts of the brain 1.1.Prosencephalon 1.1.1. Telencephalon 1.1.2. Diencephalon 1.2.Mesencephalon 1.3.Rhombencephalon 1.3.1. Metencephalon









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6. Enumerate the divisions of the brainstem 7. Identify the parts of the ventricular system 8. Trace the flow of CSF from site of formation to its

drainage into the venous system 9. Describe the cranial meninges as to their origin

and functions.

1.3.2. Mylencephalon K 2. Lobes and sulci / fissures 2.1.Frontal lobe 2.2.Parietal lobe 2.3.Temporal lobe 2.4.Occipital lobe 3. Fissures / sulci 3.1.Longitudinal fissure 3.2.Central sulcus 3.3.Lateral Sylvian fissure 3.4.Calcarine fissure 4. Functional cortical areas 4.1.Precentral Motor area 4.2. Boca’s Motor speech area 4.3. Postcentral Somatosensory area 4.4. Wernicke’s sensory speech area 4.5.Primary visual area 4.6.Primary auditory area 4.7.Primary gustatory area 4.8.Primary olfactory area 5. Fibers composing white matter 5.1.Commisure fibers 5.2.Association fibers 5.3.Projection fibers 6. Parts of the basal ganglia 6.1. Caudate nucleus 6.2. Globus pallidus 6.3. Putamen 7. Divisions of the brainstem





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7.1.Midbrain 7.2 Pons 7.3.Medulla 8. Parts of the ventricular system 8.1.Lateral ventricles 8.2 Third ventricle 8.3. Fourth ventricle 9. Flow of CSF 10. Cranial meninges 10.1. Dura mater 10.2 Arachnoid mater 10.3. Pia mater

6 PRELIM EXAMINATION WEEK

7

1. Enumerate the 12 pairs of cranial nerves 2. Classify the nerves as to purely sensory, purely

motor, and mixed cranial nerves 3. Describe the location of cranial nerves in the brain 4. Identiy the foramina of entry/exit of cranial nerves 5. Trace the pathway of sensory cranial nerves from

the periphery to the brain 6. Trace the pathway of motor cranial nerves from the

motor nucleus/anterior horn to the muscles supplied

7. Name the parasympathetic cranial nerves 8. Trace the pathway of parasympathetic cranial

nerves from the parasympathetic nucleus to the corresponding effector organs

9. Explain how cranial nerves are tested 10. Describe the reflexes associated with the cranial

CRANIAL NERVES 1. The nomenclature of the 12 cranial nerves 2. Functional classification of cranial nerves 3. Location of cranial nerves in the ventral view of the brain 4. Cranial foramina transmitting the cranial nerves 5. Sensory cranial nerves 5.1 Pathway 5.2 Organ supplied 6. Motor cranial nerves 6.1 Pathway 6.2 Muscle supplied 7. Parasympathetic cranial nerves 7.1 Nucleus 7.2 Ganglion









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nerves and the expected normal reactions 11. Describe the manifestations associated with

injuries to corresponding cranial nerves

7.3 Effector Organ 8. Cranial nerve reflexes 9. Clinical testing of cranial nerves 10. Signs and symptoms in cranial nerve injuries

7

1. Give the boundaries of the face 2. Discuss the muscles of facial expression 3. Describe the course of the facial nerve from the pontomedullary junction to its termination within the parotid gland 4. Name the terminal motor branches of the facial nerve and the muscles they supply 5. Identify the sensory nerves to the face 6. Trace the branches of trigeminal nerve from the cranial fossa to their extracranial route 7. Discuss the blood supply of the face 8. Discuss the venous drainage of the face 9. Discuss the lymphatic drainage of the face 10. Discuss selected clinical conditions affecting the face

FACE 1. The boundaries of the face 2. Muscles of facial expression 3. Motor nerve supply of the face 3.1 Facial nerve 3.1.1 Origin 3.1.2 Course 3.1.3 Termination 3.1.4 Branches 3.1.4.1 Within the facial canal 3.1.4.2 Extracranial branches 4. Sensory nerve supply of the face 4.1 Trigeminal nerve 4.1.1 Ophthalmic nerve 4.1.1.1 Frontal nerve 4.1.1.2 Lacrimal nerve 4.1.1.3 Nasociliary nerve 4.1.2 Maxillary nerve 4.1.3 Mandibular nerve 4.2 Great auricular nerve 5. Blood supply of the face 6. Venous drainage of the face 7. Lymphatic drainage of the face 8. Clinical correlation









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8.1 Bell’s palsy 8.2 Stroke 8.3 Trigeminal neuralgia

8

1. Discuss the parotid gland as to: 1.1. classification according to secretion 1.2. location and anatomical relations 1.3. shape 1.4. function 1.5. coverings of the gland 1.6. structure embedded within the gland 1.7. sensory and parasympathetic secreto-motor nerve supply 1.8. the course of its duct 2. Discuss the temporal and infratemporal fossae as to: 2.1. boundaries 2.2. contents 2.3. origin, insertion and actions of muscular contents 2.4. distribution and course of neurovascular contents. 3. Discuss the temporomandibular joint 4. Describe the movements at the temporomandibular joint

PAROTID REGION AND INFRATEMPORAL FOSSAE 1. Parotid gland

1.1 Extent 1.2 Secretion 1.3 Nerve supply 1.4 Duct 1.5 Structures embedded

2. Temporal fossa 2.1 Boundaries 2.2 Contents 2.2.1 Temporal fascia 2.2.2 Temporalis 2.2.3 Blood vessels 2.2.4 Nerves 3. Infratemporal fossa 3.1 Boundaries 3.2 Contents 3.2.1 Muscles 3.2.2 Blood vessels 3.2.3 Otic ganglion 3.2.4 Nerves 4. Temporomandibular Joint 4.1 Type of joint 4.2 Articulation 4.3 Ligaments









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4.4 Muscles acting on the joint 4.5 Joint movements

8

1. Describe the gross anatomy and functions of the eyelid 2. Describe the features of the lacrimal apparatus and the pathway of its secretion 3. Describe the anatomy of the orbital cavity, wall, openings, and the structures passing through it. 4. Describe the gross features of the eyeball 5. Describe how fundoscopy is performed and its clinical importance

EYELIDS, LACRIMAL APPARATUS AND ORBIT 1. Eyelid 1.1 functions 1.2 Features 1.2.1 skin and conjunctiva 1.2.2 framework 1.2.3 muscles found within the eyelid with nerve supply 1.2.4 glands associated with eyelid 2. Lacrimal apparatus 2.1 location 2.2 nerve supply 2.3 pathway of secretion from its production to drainage 3. Orbital Cavity 3.1 wall – superior, inferior, medial and lateral 3.2 openings and structures passing 3.2.1 optic canal – II CN, ophthalmic artery 3.2.2 superior orbital; fissure – III, IV, VI CN, phthalmic nerve, superior ophthalmic vein 3.2.3 inferior orbital fissure – inferior ophthalmic vein, zygomatic branch of maxillary nerve,









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infraorbital nerve and vessels 3.3 Extraocular muscles and nerve supply 3.3.1 recti muscles 3.3.2 oblique muscles 3.4 Neurovascular structures 3.4.1 ophthalmic artery and branches 3.4.2 ophthalmic veins and tributaries 3.4.3 ciliary ganglion and ciliary muscles 3.5 Eyeball 3.5.1 coats and features 3.5.1.1 fibrous 3.5.1.2 vascular and muscular coat 3.5.1.3 nervous coat 3.5.2 Aqueous humor and pathway 3.5.3 lens 3.5.4 vitreous humor 3.5.5 optic nerve 3.5.6 fundoscopy

9

1. Discuss the ear according to: 1.1 Divisions and features 1.1.1 External ear 1.1.2 Middle ear 1.1.3 Internal ear 2. Discuss the clinical cases involving injury to vestibulo-cochlear nerve: 2.1 Cochlear injury 2.1.1 types of deafness

AUDITORY APPARATUS, ORGAN OF HEARING AND EQUILIBRIUM

1. Divisions of the ear 1.1 External ear 1.1.1 pinna and features 1.1.2 external acoustic meatus and features 1.2 Middle ear or tympanic cavity 1.2.1 wall and features









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2.1.1.1 anterior 2.1.1.2 posterior 2.2 Vestibular irritation/injury 2.2.1 signs and symptoms 2.2.1.1 vertigo 2.2.1.2 nystagmus 2.2.2 diagnostic tests

1.2.1.1 anterior 1.2.1.2 posterior 1.2.1.3 superior 1.2.1.4 inferior 1.2.1.5 medial 1.2.1.6 lateral 1.2.2 Ossicles and features 1.2.2.1 malleus 1.2.2.2 incus 1.2.2.3 stapes 1.2.3 Muscles and nerve supply 1.2.3.1 tensor tympani 1.2.3.2 stapedius 1.2.4 Communication with nasopharynx and features – eustachian tube 1.3 Internal ear or labyrinth 1.3.1 Parts and features 1.3.1.1 bony labyrinth – cochlea, semicircular canal and vestibule 1.3.1.2 Meibomian labyrinth – cochlear duct, semicircular duct, utricle and saccule 1.3.1.3 Fluid content – perilymph and endolymph 2. Vestibulo-cochlear nerve origin and destination in the cerebral cortex





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3. Clinical correlation: 3.1 Types of deafness and parts of ear involved. 3.1.1 conduction 3.1.2 sensorineural 3.2 Diagnostic tests used for deafness 3.2.1 Rinne’s test 3.3.2 Weber’s test 3.3 Signs and symptoms of vestibular nerve

dysfunction and diagnostic test used 3.3.1 Vertigo 3.3.2 Nystagmus 3.3.3 Caloric test

10

1. Enumerate the organs of the endocrine system 2. Give the location of the endocrine glands 3. Discuss the hormones secreted by the endocrine glands 4. Describe the diseases caused by hormonal imbalance

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 1. The organs of the endocrine system 1.1. Hypothalamus 1.2. Pineal gland 1.3. Pituitary gland 1.4. Thyroid gland 1.5. Parathyroid gland 1.6. Pancreas 1.7. Adrenal gland 1.8. Testes 1.9. Ovaries 2. Location of the endocrine glands 2.1. Hypothlamus 2.2. Pineal gland 2.3. Pituitary gland 2.4. Thyroid gland 2.5. Parathyroid gland 2.6. Pancreas









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2.7. Adrenal gland 2.8. Testes 2.9. Ovaries 3. Hormones secreted by the endocrine glands 3.1. Hypothalamus 3.1.2Oxytocin & ADH 3.2. Pineal Gland 3.2.1 melatonin 3.3. Anterior Pituitary 3.3.1. Growth hormone 3.3.2 Prolactin 3.3.3 ACTH 3.3.4 TSH 3.3.5. FSH 3.3.6. LH 3.3.7. MSH 3.4. Thyroid gland 3.4.1. Thyroxine 3.4.2. Calcitonin 3.5. Parathyroid gland 3.5.1. PTH 3.6. Pancreas 3.6.1. Insulin 3.6.2. Glucagon 3.7. Adrenal cortex 3.7.1 glucocorticoids 3.7.2. mineralocorticoids 3.7.3. androgens 3.8. Adrenal medulla





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3.8.1. epinephrine 3.8.2. norepinephrine 3.9. Testes testosterone 3.10. Ovaries estrogen & progesterone 4. Disease conditions resulting from hormonal imbalance 4.1. Diabetes insipidus 4.2. Hyper/hypothyroidism 4.3. Diabetes mellitus 4.4. Hyper/hypopituitarism 4.5. Hyper/hypoparathyroidism 4.6. Cushing’s/Addison’s diseases 4.7. Conn’s syndrome 4.8. Pheochromocytoma 4.9. Hyper/hypogonadin

10

1. Discuss the submandibular region as to: 1.1 boundaries 1.2 muscles 1.3 salivary glands 1.4 arteries and veins 1.5 nerve

SUBMANDIBULAR AND SUBLINGUAL REGION

1. Submandibular region 1.1 boundaries 1.2 muscles with their origin, insertion, action and nerve supply 1.2.1 digastric 1.2.2 mylohyoid 1.2.3 hyoglossus 1.2.4 geniohyoid 1.2.5 geniolgossus 1.2.6 styloglossus 1.3 Salivary glands with type of secretion, location, duct with opening,









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neurovascular structure and lymphatic drainage 1.3.1 submandibular gland 1.3.2 sublingual gland 1.4 Arteries and Veins 1.4.1 Facial artery and vein 1.4.2 Lingual artery and vein 1.5 Nerves of submandibular region 1.5.1 lingual nerve 1.5.2 glossopharyngeal nerve 1.5.3 Hypoglossal nerve

11

1. Name the prominent landmarks in the neck 2. Discuss the structures in the superficial fascia of the neck 3. Discuss the deep cervical fascia 3.1 Investing fascia 3.2 Pretracheal fascia 3.3 Prevertebral fascia 4. Name the contents of the carotid sheath 5. Describe the division of the neck into anterior and posterior triangles 6. Name the boundaries of the posterior neck triangle 7. Discuss the muscular floor of the posterior neck triangle 8. Discuss the neurovascular structures in the posterior neck triangle 9. Correlate brachial plexus injury at the posterior neck triangle

SUPERFICIAL STRUCTURES OF THE NECK, AND POSTERIOR CERVICAL TRIANGLE 1. Landmarks of the neck 2. Superficial fascia 2.1 Muscle 2.2 Blood vessels 2.3 Cutaneous nerves 3. Deep cervical fascia 3.1 Investing fascia 3.2 Pretracheal fascia 3.3 Prevertebral fascia 4. Carotid Sheath 4.1 Formation 4.2 Contents 5. Triangles of the Neck 5.1 Boundaries 5.2 Subdivisions of Anterior Triangle 5.2.1 Submental triangle









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5.2.2 Digastric triangle 5.2.3 Carotid triangle 5.2.4 Muscular triangle 5.3 Subdivisions of Posterior Triangle 5.3.1 Subclavian triangle 5.3.2 Occipital triangle 6. Posterior Neck triangle 6.1 Roof 6.2 Muscular Floor 6.2.1 Attachments of muscles 6.2.2 Action of muscles 6.2.3 Nerve supply of muscles 6.3 Neurovascular structures 6.3.1 Occipital vessels 6.3.2 Subclavian vessels 6.3.3 Spinal accessory nerve 6.3.4 Phrenic nerve 6.3.5 Brachial plexus 7. Clinical correlation 7.1 Trunk injuries of brachial plexus

12 MIDTERM EXAMINATION WEEK

13

1. Discuss the important landmarks of the anterior neck 2. Discuss the divisions of the anterior neck into triangles 3. Discuss the structures in the different triangles in the anterior neck 4. Trace the common carotid and external carotid arteries

ANTERIOR TRIANGLE OF NECK 1. Triangles of the anterior neck 1.1 Submental triangle 1.2 Digastric triangle 1.3 Carotid triangle 1.4 Muscular triangle 2. Structures on the triangles of the anterior neck



-Multiple Choice -Binary -Matching Type -Fill in the blanks -Laboratory practicals (identification and/or side






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5. Name the branches of the external carotid artery 6. Discuss the viscera of the anterior neck 6.1 Pharynx 6.2 Esophagus 6.3 Larynx 6.4 Trachea 6.5 Thyroid gland 6.6 Parathyroid gland 7. Discuss clinical cases/procedures involving the structures of anterior neck 7.1 Cricothyrotomy 7.2 Tracheostomy 7.3 Goiter 7.4 Thyroidectomy

2.1 Floor 2.2 Contents 3. Suprahyoid muscles 4. Infrahyoid muscles 5. Common carotid artery 5.1 Origin 5.2 Termination 6. External carotid artery 6.1 Origin 6.2 Termination 6.3 Branches 7. Viscera of the anterior neck 7.1 Pharynx 7.1.1 Muscles 7.1.2 Blood supply and venous drainage 7.1.3 Lymphatic Drainage 7.1.4 Nerves 7.1.4.1 Sensory 7.1.4.2 Motor 7.2 Esophagus 7.2.1 Blood supply and venous drainage 7.2.2 Lymphatic Drainage 7.3 Larynx 7.3.1 Cartilages 7.3.2. Vocal cords 7.3.3 Muscles 7.3.4 Blood supply and venous drainage 7.3.5 Lymphatic drainage 7.3.6 Nerves

questions)





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7.3.6.1 Sensory 7.3.6.2 Motor 7.4 Trachea 7.4.1 Blood supply and venous drainage 7.4.2 Lymphatic drainage 7.5 Thyroid Gland 7.5.1 Anatomical relations 7.5.2 Capsule 7.5.3 Parts 7.5.4 Blood supply 7.5.5 Venous drainage 7.5.6 Lymphatic drainage 7.6 Parathyroid gland 7.6.1 Location 7.6.2 Blood supply 7.6.3 Venous drainage 7.6.4 Lymphatic drainage 8. Clinical correlation 8.1 Cricothyrotomy 8.2 Tracheostomy 8.3 Goiter 8.4 Thyroidectomy

13

1. Define root of neck 2. Describe the structures at root of neck 3. Discuss the different lateral vertebral muscles in the neck with their origin, insertion, action and nerve supply. 4. Discuss the different anterior / prevertebral neck muscles with origin, insertion, action

ROOT OF THE NECK, SCALENE AND PREVERTEBRAL TRIANGLE 1. Definition of root of neck 2. Structures at root of neck 2.1 Subclavian artery 2.1.1 parts and branches 2.1.1.1 1st portion – thyrocervical


-Lecture -Demonstrates -Group dynamics -Laboratory exercises -Cadaver

-Multiple Choice -Binary -Matching Type -Fill in the blanks -Laboratory practicals (identification






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and nerve supply

internal thoracic 2.1.1.2 2nd portion – costocervical 2.1.1.3 3rd portion – usually no branches 2.2 Subclavian vein and tributaries 2.3 Thoracic duct 2.4 Right lymphatic duct 3. Lateral vertebral muscles 3.1 scalene anterior 3.2 scalene medius 3.3 scalene posterior 4. Anterior / Prevertebral muscles 4.1 longus coli – superior oblique, inferior oblique and vertebral part 4.2 longus capitis 4.3 rectus capitis lateralis

dissection and/or side questions)

14

1. Describe the gross anatomy of the ovary and related structure

2. Describe the anatomy of fallopian tube and related structures

3. Describe the anatomy of the uterus and related structures

4. Describe the anatomy of vagina 5. Give a brief description of the female external

genitalia

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A. Internal genitalia 1. Ovary 1.1 function 1.2 positions and relations 1.3 size and shape 1.4 extremities 1.5 surfaces 1.6 borders 1.7 Blood vessels 1.7.1 ovarian arteries 1.7. ovarian veins 1.8 Lymph vessels









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1.9 ligaments 2. Fallopian tube: 2.1 function 2.2 parts 2.3 communications 2.4 length and width 2.5 blood vessels 2.6 lymphatic vessels 3. Ureter 3.1 functions 3.2 size, shape, weight 3.3 parts 3.4 attachments 3.5 Positions and characteristics 3.5.1 anteverted and anteflexed 3.6 internal surface 3.7 blood vessels and lymphatic vessels 3.8 coats 3.9 ligaments and contents 4. Vagina 4.1 functions 4.2 parts 4.3 anatomical relationships 4.4 neurovascular structures 4.5 lymphatic drainage B. External Genitalia 1. Description of external genitalia 2. Features of external genitalia





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2.1 labia majora 2.2 mons pubis 2.3 pudendal cleft 2.4 labia minora 2.5 vestibule 2.6 glans clitoris 2.7 external urethral orifice 2.8 vaginal orifice and greater vestibular gland 2.9 hymen

14

1. Describe the gross anatomy and functions of the different parts of male reproductive system.

2. Trace the pathway of sperm from where it is formed in the testes in the duct system as it makes its way outside.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 1. Male Reproductive system 1.1 Function 1.2 Parts 1.2.1 gonad – testes 1.2.1.1 function 1.2.1.2 location 1.2.1.3 size and shape 1.2.1.4 structures found within the testis 1.2.1.4.1 convoluted seminiferous tubule 1.2.1.4.2 tubuli recti 1.2.1.4.3 rete testes 1.2.1.4.4 ductus efferentis 1.2.2 Excretory ducts 1.2.2.1 general functions 1.2.2.2 parts features – specific functions









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1.2.2.2.1 epididymis 1.2.2.2.2 ductus deferens 1.2.2.2.3 ejaculatory duct 1.2.2.2.4 prostatic urethra 1.2.2.2.5 membranous urethra 1.2.2.2.6 penile urethra 1.2.3 external genitalia 1.2.3.1 parts 1.2.3.1.1 penis – features and functions 1.2.3.1.2 scrotum – features and functions

15

Pelvis

1. Discuss the pelvis as to: 1.1. surface landmarks 1.2. bones composing the pelvis 1.3. two main divisions

1.3.1. boundaries 1.3.2. significance

1.4. differences between male and female pelvis 2. Describe the composition of the wall of the pelvic

cavity: 2.1. Bones 2.2. Joints 2.3. Ligaments

3. Describe the boundaries of pelvic cavity 4. Discuss the muscles in pelvic cavity as to origin,

insertion, action, innervation, and

PELVIS, PELVIC CAVITY AND CONTENTS COMMON TO BOTH MALE AND FEMALE 1. Definition of pelvis 2. Surface landmark 2.1 iliac crest 2.2 anterior and posterior superior iliac spine 2.3 pubic tubercle 2.4 pubis symphysis 3. Composition of pelvic brims and features of each 3.1 hip bones each with ilium, ischium and pubis 3.2 sacrum 3.3 coccyx 4. Two main divisions of bony pelvis and features of each 4.1 false pelvis









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5. Discuss the pelvic joints in pelvic cavity

Pelvic visceral organs common to both male and female

1. Differentiate the peritoneal reflections in the male and female pelvis.

2. Discuss the anatomy of sigmoid colon and rectum 3. Describe the anatomy of urinary bladder 4. Discuss the micturition reflex.

4.2 true pelvis 5. Parts of pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet 6. Differences between male and female pelvis as to: 5.1 sacrum 5.2 pelvic inlet 5.3 false pelvis 5.4 ischial tuberosity and ischial spine 5.5 pelvic cavity 5.6 pelvic outlet 7. Composition of the wall of pelvic cavity 7.1 Bones – sacrum, coccyx at back and lower half of hip bones at the side and infront 7.2 Joints – sacrococcygeal joint, sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis 7.3 Ligaments – sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligament 8. Boundaries of pelvic cavity 8.1 anterior wall – bodies of pubic bones and pubic symphysis 8.2 posterior wall – sacrum, coccyx and pyriformis 8.3 lateral wall – innominate bone, obturator membrane, obturator internus, sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligament 8.4 inferior wall of pelvic diaphragm. 9. Muscles in pelvic cavity with origin, insertion,





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action and nerve supply. 9.1 obturator internus 9.2 pyriformis 9.3 pelvic diaphragm 9.3.1 levator ani 9.3.2 coccygeus 10. Pelvic joints in the pelvic cavity and features 10.1 sacroiliac joint 10.2 sacrococcygeal joint 10.3 symphysis pubis 11. Difference in the peritoneal reflections in the male and female pelvis 12. The anatomy and physiology of the sigmoid colon and the rectum 12.1 location 12.2 length 12.3 extent 12. 4 wall 12.5 relations 12.6 blood supply 12.7 nerve supply and lymphatic drainage 13. The anatomy and physiology of the urinary bladder 13.1 function 13.2 changes in the shape in empty and distended structures 13.3 external and internal features 13.4 relations 13.5 blood supply and nerve supply





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14. The pathway of micturition reflex

15

1. Enumerate the organs comprising the female internal genitalia. 2. Discuss the anatomy and functions of ovary. 3. Discuss the anatomy of the uterus. 4. Discuss the anatomy of the fallopian tube. 5. Discuss the anatomy of the vagina.

FEMALE PELVIC VISCERAL ORGANS 1. The pelvic organs comprising the female internal genitalia. 1.1 ovary 1.2 fallopian tube 1.3 uterus 1.4 vagina 2. The anatomy and physiology of the ovary 2.1 function 2.2 location 2.3 size, shape, color 2.4 surface, borders, pole 2.5 fibrous supports – ligament 2.6 relations 2.7 neurovascular supply 3. The anatomy and physiology of the uterus 3.1 function 3.2 parts 3.3 layers 3.4 relation 3.5 normal position 3.6 peritoneal covering 3.7 ligaments 3.8 neurovascular supply 4. The anatomy and physiology of the fallopian tube 4.1 function









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4.2 parts 4.3 continuous with uterus 4.4 relations 4.5 peritoneal covering 4.6 neurovascular supply 5. The anatomy and physiology of the vagina 5.1 function 5.2 location 5.3 communications 5.4 parts 5.5 relations

16

1. Discuss the course of the ductus deferens from its origin to its termination.

2. Describe the seminal vesicle and its different relations.

3. Trace the ejaculatory duct from its formation to its drainage.

4. Discuss the anatomy of prostate gland Identify the features of prostatic urethra

MALE PELVIC VISCERAL ORGANS 1. The male reproductive ductal system and anatomical features 1.1 epididymis 1.2 ductus deferens 1.3 ejaculatory duct 1.4 prostatic urethra 2. The seminal vesicle and its different relations. 2.1 function and secretion 2.2 shape, size and location 2.3 duct 3. The ejaculatory duct 3.1 formation 3.2 termination 4. The anatomy of the prostate gland 4.1 function









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4.2 shape and size and location 4.3 location 4.4 lobes 5. The prostatic urethra and openings related to it 5.1 urethral crest 5.2 seminal colliculus 5.3 openings of ejaculatory ducts, prostatic utricle and prostatic ducts

16

1. Identify the branches/main trunk of the following arteries in the pelvic cavity 1.1. abdominal aorta 1.2. common iliac artery 1.3. internal iliac artery 1.4. ovarian arteries 1.5. median sacral artery

2. Trace the veins accompanying the above arteries 3. Describe the formation and relations of the sacral

plexus 4. Enumerate the branches of the sacral plexus 5. Discuss the autonomic nerves found un the pelvic

cavity (sympathetic and para-sympathetic).

NEUROVASCULAR STRUCTURES IN PELVIC CAVITY 1. Arteries in pelvic cavity 1.1 abdominal aorta terminal branches – right and left common iliac arteries and median sacral artery 1.2 common iliac artery branches – internal iliac artery going to pelvic cavity 1.3 internal iliac arter 1.3.1 posterior division 1.3.1.1 lateral sacral 1.3.1.2 iliolumbar arterty 1.3.1.3 superior gluteal 1.3.2 anterior division 1.3.2.1 umbilical with branches superior vesical and artery to ductus deferens 1.3.2.2 obturator artery 1.3.2.3 inferior vesical 1.3.2.4 vaginal artery









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1.3.2.5 uterine artery 1.3.2.6 middle rectal 1.3.2.3 internal pudendal 1.3.2.3 inferior gluteal 2. Veins of the same names as arteries except umbilical artery which has no accompanying vein 3. Formation of sacral plexus 3.1 roots of origin 3.2 branches 3.3 clinical correlation 4. Sacral parasympathetic with pelvic splanchnic nerves or nerve erigentes plus the sympathetic nerves in pelvic cavity 4.1 distribution

17

1. Describe the perineum 2. Discuss the ischiorectal fossa 3. Discuss the pudendal canal and contents 4. Describe the urogenital diaphragm 5. Compare the superficial perineal pouch in male

and female 6. Compare the deep perineal pouch in male and

female 7. Compare the parts of male external genitalia and

the female external genitalia 8. Differentiate the upper and lower halves of the anal

canal 9. Identify the structures responsible for fecal

continence

MALE AND FEMALE PERINEUM 1. Perineum 1.1 definition 1.2 boundaries 1.3 triangles 1.4 features 2. Ischiorectal fossa 2.1 boundaries 2.2 contents 3. Pudendal canal 3.1 formation 3.2 contents 3.2.1 pudendal nerve









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10. Give the anatomical basis of hemorrhoids.

3.2.2 internal pudendal artery and vein 4. Urogenital diaphragm 4.1 fasciae 4.2 contents in both male and female 5. Superficial perineal pouch 5.1 formation 5.2. contents in female 5.2.1 root of clitoris and their covering muscles 5.2.2 superficial transverse perineal muscle 5.2.3 perineal branch of pudendal nerve 5.2.4 perineal body 5.3 Contents in male 5.3.1 root of penis with covering muscles 5.4.2 superficial transverse perineal muscles 5.4.3 perineal body 6. Deep perineal pouch in male and female 6.1 formation 6.1.1 contents in female 6.1.1 part of urethra 6.1.2 part of vagina 6.1.3 sphincter urethra 6.1.4 deep transverse perineal muscle 6.1.5 internal pudendal vessels 6.1.6 dorsal nerve of clitoris





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6.1.2 contents in male 6.1.2.1 membranous urethra 6.1.2.2 sphincter urethra 6.1.2.3 Cowper’s gland 6.1.2.4 deep transverse perineal muscle 6.1.2.5 internal pudendal artery 6.1.2.6 dorsal nerve of penis 7. Male external genitalia 7.1 penis 7.1.1 root 7.1.2 body 7.1.3 neurovascular structures 7.2 scrotum 7.2.1 wall 7.2.2 contents 8. Female external genitalia 8.1 parts and features 8.1.1 labia majora and pudendal cleft 8.1.2 mons pubis 8.1.3 labia minora 8.1.4 vestibule and opening 8.1.5 root and body of clitoris 8.1.6 neurovascular structures and lymphatics 9. The upper and lower halves of the anal canal 9.1 mucosa lining 9.3 blood supply 9.2 features 9.4 nerve supply 10. The structures responsible for fecal





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continence 10.1 ano-rectal ring 10.2 external and internal anal sphincter 11. Venous drainage of rectum and anal canal 11.1 superior hemorrhoidal or rectal vein 11.2 middle hemorrhoidal or rectal vein 11.3 inferior hemorrhoidal or rectal vein 11.4 formation of hemorrhoidal or rectal vein

18 FINAL EXAMINATION WEEK





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No OFFICIAL TEXTBOOKS AND OTHER RECOMMENDED REFERENCES

T1 Snell, Richard S. Clinical Anatomy for Medical students. 9th ed by regions

T2 Snell, Richard S. Clinical Anatomy for Medical students. 3rd ed by regions

T3 Moore, Kertz. Clinically oriented Anatomy. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1999

T4 Gray, Henry. Gray’s Anatomy. 19th ed. Edinburg: Churchill Livingstone, 1995. (2004)

T5 Monlthouse, Stanly. Clinical Anatomy: A Core test with Self-Assessment. Edinburgh: Churchill Living stone, 2001

T6 Tortora, Gerald H. Principles of Human Anatomy. New York: Wiley, 1999

T7 Carpenter, Donna. Atlas of Human Anatomy. PA: Spring House, 2001

T8 Netter, Frank M.D. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Icon Learning systems. 2003

T9 Cunningham. Anatomy Textbook

T10 Hollinshead, W, Henry. Anatomy Textbook

T11 Seeley, Rod R., Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2005





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GRADING SYSTEM AND OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION

AVERAGE 65-74 75-77 78-80 81-83 84-86 87-89 90-92 93-95 96-100 OTHER COURSE

POLICIES

Policies concerning attendance, participation, tardiness, academic integrity, missing homework, missed exams, recording classroom activities, food in class, laptop use, etc.

FINAL GRADE 5.0 3.00 2.75 2.50 2.25 2.0 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 ZERO TOLERANCE ON CHEATING AND

PLAGIARISM

Any form of cheating will immediately earn you a failing grade for the entire course. By remaining enrolled, you consent to this policy. I will seek the harshest penalties under OLFU Student Handbook. DESCRIPTION FAILED

PASSED AFTER Removal Exam PASSED

SATISFAC TORY

AVERAGE GOOD VERY GOOD

SUPERIOR EXCEL LENT

FDA (Failure due to Absences) UW (Unauthorized Withdrawal) AW (Authorized Withdrawal) INC (Incomplete: Lacking one major exam, or other

requirement DRP (Dropped from the roll for academic deficiency or

as a disciplinary measure)

NOTES: 1. An Incomplete grade must be completed immediately. Students with pending INC grades will

not be allowed to enroll in the next semester. 2. If the cause of the INC is a missed major examination, the student must take the make-up

examination on the date scheduled by the department only after submission of a valid excuse slip which should be noted and approved by the Dean. A student who fails to take the examination on the scheduled date will be given a grade of “0” for the missed exam and the grade is computed accordingly.

3. A student who missed more than one major examination (Prelims, Midterm, or Final Examination) will be considered Failed Due to Absences or FDA.

USE OF MOBILE DEVICES,

LAPTOPS, ETC. DURING CLASS

As research on learning shows, unexpected noises and movement automatically divert and capture people's attention, which means you are affecting everyone’s learning experience if your cell phone, pager, laptop, etc. makes noise or is visually distracting during class. For this reason, I ask you to turn off your mobile devices and close your laptops during class. I will allow you to take notes on your laptop, but you must turn the sound off so that you do not disrupt other students' learning.

BREAKDOWN OF FINAL GRADE UNIT QUIZZES (20%), PRELIMS (20%) MIDTERMS (20%), FINALS (20%) LABORATORY (20%) - Lab Exercises (5%), Unknown (5%), Practical Exam (10%); Small Group Discussion, Conferences, Self-directed Learning etc

POLICY ON ATTENDANCE: Prompt and regular attendance in all classes is required of all students from the first class meeting to the end of the semester. Students are also required to attend official school programs and activities. Based on the ruling of the Commission of Higher Education (CHED), the maximum allowable number of unexcused absences per semester is 20% of the total number of class hours per subject. Students who accumulate absences more than the allowed 20% may be given a grade of Failure due to Absences (FDA).

ACADEMIC & SCHOLASTIC INTEGRITY

Academic integrity refers to the true and actual academic status achieved by the student. Academic dishonesty occurs when a student commits any action/s fraudulently and deceitfully in order to improve his/her academic standing. Everyone is expected to ensure that academic integrity is preserved and implemented at all times. Academic dishonesty is a serious offense and is subject to both disciplinary and academic sanctions.





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COURSE REVIEW MEMBERS PREPARED BY: REVIEWED BY: APPROVED BY

JOSE ARNEL G. MANALILI, MD RENE R. AQUENDE, MD EMMA CONCEPCION C. MIRANDA, MD

LUZVIMINDA S. SURIO, MD Chairman, Dept. of Anatomy

REMEDIOS P. SANTOS, MD Chair, Curriculum Committee

REYNALDO A. OLAZO, MD Dean, College of Medicine

our lady of fatima university course title gross …

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