our goal is to help you understand: what is … · our goal is to help you understand: (module 1)...
TRANSCRIPT
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…and how is it different than science?
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What is Engineering?
Our goal is to help you understand:
(Module 1)Prof. Nik Nair
Assistant Professor of Chemical & Biological EngineeringTufts University
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What do you think an engineer does?
Can you name any famous engineers?
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Some famous engineersThomas Edison
Bill Nye(The Science Guy)
Leonardo Da Vinci Pres. Herbert Hoover
Marissa Mayer(CEO of Yahoo!)
Mae Jemison(Astronaut)
J. Ernest Wilkins(Manhattan Project)
Charles Babbage
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1986 – 1994 Sardar Patel Vidhyalaya, New Delhi, India1994 – 1997 Modern High School, Dubai, UAE1997 – 1999 Indian High School, Dubai, UAE1999 – 2003 Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (BS in ChBE)Fall 2001 Merck, West Point, PA
(Intern in Manufacturing Support, Varivax®)Summ 2002 Merck, West Point, PA (Intern in Process Validation)2003 – 2004 Bristol-Myers Squibb, Syracuse, NY
(Protein Purification Scientist)2004 – 2010 University of Illinois, Urbana, IL (PhD in ChBE)2010 – 2013 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
(Post-doc in Microbiology)2013 – now Tufts University, Medford, MA (Asst. Prof. of ChBE)
Short Bio of Prof. Nik Nair
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• Science and Engineering
– Hypothesis-driven ― Design-driven
– Discovery-driven ― Invention-driven
The ScientificMethod
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…and how is it different than science?What is Engineering?
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…and how is it different than science?What is Engineering?
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What is Engineering?
• Not just about building cars, robots, and bridges
• Engineering is involved in any type of invention and optimization
• Synthetic biology is engineering with biology and biochemistry
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What is Synthetic Biology?
• Designing and building/modifying organisms for specified needs
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What is Synthetic Biology?
• Needs addressed in various fields
– Biomedical
– Chemical
Metabolomix
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What is Synthetic Biology?
• Needs addressed in various fields
– Biomedical
– Chemical
– Energy
Amyris
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What is Synthetic Biology?
• Needs addressed in various fields
– Biomedical
– Chemical
– Energy
– Agricultural
– Environmental
http://www.integraenvironmental.com/Images/1contaminant.gif
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What is Synthetic Biology?
• Needs addressed in various fields
– Biomedical
– Chemical
– Energy
– Agricultural
– Environmental
– Scientific
– “Cool stuff”
• “Jurassic Park”
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What is Synthetic Biology?
• Needs addressed in various fields
– Biomedical
– Chemical
– Energy
– Agricultural
– Environmental
– Scientific
– “Cool stuff”
• Fluorescent pets
BioGlow AvatarTM
GloFish13
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Bruno
research.microsoft.com/en-us/projects/gec/GECweb.pngmelaniewilliamsconsulting.com/library/mastheads/biochemicals.jpgsoa.utexas.edu/matlab/search/images/product/Kevlar_Tapes_Plain_Weave.jpgfaculty.samford.edu/~djohnso2/44962w/405/07/f07010ecolirnap.jpg
ToddJoe
VenkateshCassidy
Bruno
Hassoun VenkateshSara (CS)Neda (CS)
ToddJoeZac
KaelynMarilyn
portlandlibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/17119-illustration-of-a-laptop-computer-pv.pngpreviews.123rf.com/images/azzardo/azzardo1101/azzardo110100002/8566117-Homo-vitruviano-So-called-The-Vitruvian-man-a-k-a-Leonardo-s-man-Detailed-drawing-on-the-basis-of-a-Stock-Vector.jpg
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“micROBiOTs”
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Environment, chemicalhost, microbe sensing
AND
memory
BA
C
metabolism
cata
lysi
s
TCA
com
pu
tati
on
Therapeutic synthesis, toxin depletion
Unnatural reaction catalysis
interactions
Hostfunction modulation
ABC
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The Experiment
Using a micROBiOT sensor in a forensic investigation
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Parts of a sensor
A motion sensor
Input(external stimulus)(eg: movement)
Detector(recognizes input, creates signal)(eg: motion detector)
Actuator(takes input signal and converts it to output)(eg: switch)
Output(detectable signal)(eg: light)
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Biological sensor
Input(external stimulus)(eg: movement)
Detector(recognizes input, creates signal)(eg: motion detector)
Actuator(takes input signal and converts it to output)(eg: switch)
Output(detectable signal)(eg: light)
Pathogen metabolite
Binding protein
Cellular protein production machinery
Fluorescent protein
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Using micROBiOT in forensic investigation
• Candida albicans (a fungus) infects the intestines
• Causes a disease called Candidiasis
• Arabinose: metabolite (biological chemical) produced by Candidaexcreted in urine (not in uninfected people)
• Biosensor is responsive to arabinose
Urine
Patient1
Sensingbacteria
Urine
Patient2
mix
uninfected infected
Growthmediamix
spot& grow
UV
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Where is “patient zero” from?
• Patients with symptoms of Candidiasis test for the diagnosed with the biosensor
• # of cases vary with town
• Seem to be clustered in certain towns around Boston
• Hypothesis: infection travels downriver
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Find “ground zero”
CAMBRIDGE
CHARLESTOWN
ALLSTON
ARLINGTON
WINCHESTER
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Find “ground zero”
CAMBRIDGE
CHARLESTOWN
ALLSTON
ARLINGTON
WINCHESTER (1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
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“Ground zero” is Somerville
CAMBRIDGE
CHARLESTOWN
ALLSTON
ARLINGTON
5
4
00
2 30
0
WINCHESTER
0
3
What did you just do? How did you use science?How did you use engineering?
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Summary
• Introduction to chemical engineering and synthetic biology– Engineering beyond bridges and cars
• Brief intro to the Nair lab
• micROBiOT used to detect pathogen-derived metabolite
• Used it to identify where infection started– Used tool developed by engineer to solve a
problem to confirm a scientific hypothesis
• Tomorrow: Making the micROBiOT
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More questions about engineering?
• Prof. Nik Nair: [email protected]
• Todd: [email protected]
• Zac: [email protected]
• Venkatesh: [email protected]
• Cassidy: [email protected]
• Web: sites.tufts.edu/nairlab
• Can also Google “Nair lab Tufts” to find us.
''Engineering ... it is a great profession. There is the fascination of watching a figment of the imagination emerge through the aid of science to a plan on paper. Then it moves to realization in stone or metal or energy. Then it brings jobs and homes to men [and women]. Then it elevates the standards of living and adds to the comforts of life. That is the engineer's high privilege.“ – Pres. Herbert Hoover