other invasive insects or what else do i need to worry about?
TRANSCRIPT
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Other Invasive Insects
OrWhat Else do I Need to
Worry About?
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Most insects are beneficial
pollinators predators and parasites
detritivoresfood!
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Native vs. Invasive
• Trees have some resistance
• Predators and parasites• Populations often cycle• Example: spruce
budworm
• Trees often have no resistance
• Few or no effective natural enemies
• Populations keep on rising
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Reasons why you are glad you live Downeast
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Browntail Moth
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Winter Moth
Pupates in soil May-Nov
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• Hemlock• ~1/8” discrete white
woolly masses• Undersides of twigs• Base of needle
Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
Photos: USFSPhoto: Maine Forest Service
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Hemlock Woolly Adelgid
Forest: Alfred, Arundel, Berwick, Biddeford, Kennebunk, Old Orchard Beach and Topsham (detection survey); Scarborough (trained volunteer). Planted (EHS+HWA): Mount Desert, Sedgewick
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HWA Crawlers, Crawlers, Everywhere!
April - July• Abundant• Very Mobile• Nearly Invisible
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Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (HWA)
• Chemical treatment – when high risk of human spread
• Biocontrol – best long-term solution. In areas protected from development.
• Outreach and public education.
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Elongate Hemlock Scale
• First detected in ME in 2009
• Not quarantined – depend on public reporting
• Attacks fir and spruce as well
• Chemical control on planted trees to reduce spread to native forest
Maine Dept. Ag.
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Two Invasives of Concern(not found here yet)
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Brown Spruce Longhorned Beetle
Phot
o: G
eorg
ette
Smith
, bug
woo
d.or
g
Longhorned beetle (Cerambycid)
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New Find 2011
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Maine Hosts: Spruce (fir, larch, pines)
Photos: Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management
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Recognizing BSLB
Photos: CFIA (left), Jon Sweeney, bugwood.org (middle and right)
Round to D-shaped 1/8” exit holes
Resin Covered TrunksYellowing Foliage
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Recognizing BSLB
Photos: Georgette Smith, bugwood.org
L-Shaped Pupal ChamberLarval Feeding Tunnels
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Recognizing (what is not) BSLB
• Spruce Beetle– Native pest– Pitch tubes (not always)– Round exit holes
(smaller)
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Questions?
Photo: Jon Sweeney, Natural Resources Canada, Bugwood.org
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Emerald Ash Borer (EAB)
Pest and Diseases Image Library, Bugwood.org
Bright metallic green -½ inch long
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Emerald Ash Borer
- long and narrow- likely to be found near ash trees
Tiger Beetle
- broader- definite ‘shoulders’- often flies near ground(very fast)
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Will our cold winters protect us from EAB?
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Maine Hosts: White, Green, Brown Ash
White Green Brown
White Green
BrownPhotos: Maine Forest Service, Forest Policy and Management
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Crown Decline (top down)Troy Kimoto, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Bugwood.org
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Epicormic Shoots
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S-shaped Galleries
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D-shaped exit holesPhoto: University of Wisconsin Entomology
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Bark SplittingMichigan Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org
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Recognizing EAB
David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org
Jim Tresouthick, Village of Homewood, Bugwood.org
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Impact• Hosts
– Attacks allall species of North American ash
– Kills allall of the trees it attacks
– Has killed 10’s of millions of trees since 2002
– Has the potential to wipe out ashin NA
Photo: Maine Department of Agriculture
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The Enemy
• Killed tens of millions of trees since 2002
• Spread to 18 states and 2 provinces
• No effective natural enemies (yet)
• Little or no tree resistance
Emerald Ash Borer
One of the biggest problems…
No good method of monitoring for EAB
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Purple Traps Trap Trees
Biosurveillance
So How Do We Monitor For EAB?
Public Education
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Purple Sticky Traps
-Least sensitive-Most user friendly-Cheapest
2012 – 965 traps2013 – 852 traps
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Trap trees
-fairly sensitive
-lots of work!
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Volunteertrap-tree network
2013 – hope to involve state parks and MFS foresters
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Biosurveillance
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Cerceris fumipennis
-Native wasp
-Solitary ground-nester (in colonies)
-Non-stinging
-Provisions its nest with adult buprestids (metallic wood-boring beetles)
-Is capable of finding EAB at low levels
BIOSURVEILLANCE
Family: Crabronidae(hunting wasps)
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Wasp colonies used for biosurveillance
Colonies not used
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If we find an EAB infestation early…
• Smaller area infested, fewer beetles present• Much lower chance of inadvertent spread• Smaller quarantine• We have more management options• Management is much more effective
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We found EAB!Now what???
• Delimiting survey (monitoring)• SLAM: SLow Ash Mortality (management of
EAB)• Biological control• Pesticide options
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3 Parasitic Wasps
Spathius
Tetrastichus
Oobius
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SLow Ash Mortality
• Delimiting survey• Remove large trees in infested area• Girdle trees to concentrate & remove EAB
• Can concentrate and reduce EAB popluation
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Firewood