Other Famous Literary Works of Indian Literature

Prepared By: Ma. Joane M. Natagoc

Objective: 1. Interpret the meaning and significance

of selected literary pieces .

2. Point out the universal themes, issues, and subject matter that dominate Indian Literature.

3. Be aware of the literary history, philosophy, religious beliefs and culture of the Indian nations and recognize their impact on literature.

Sanskrit Literature

EPIC

Works under Sanskrit Literature:

The two major Indian epics, the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, are the literary embodiments of Hinduism.

• Mahabharata ( Sunskrit) “Great Epic of the Bharata Dynasty”.

• Mahabharata is the longest Sanskrit epic. It is over 100,000 shloka over 200,000 individual verse lines and long prose passages.

• Consist of a total of 122 characters in the story.

• About 1.8 million words in total.

• Although it is unlikely that any single person wrote the poem, authorship is traditionally ascribed to the sage Vyosa, who appears in the work as the grandfather of the Karauvas and the Pandavas.

Characters in Mahabharata:

• Yudhistra- first born child, truthful and virtous, son Yama and the God Dharma

• Bhima- strongest of men and power, son of Vayu, god of the wind and the elder brother of Hanuman

• Arjuna- an irresistable warrior has a power and courage son of Indra

• Nakula and Sahadeva- they stood for wisdom and endurance as they were the sons of Ashwins

• King Dhritarashtra- father of Kauravas

• King Pandu- brother of Dhritarashtra and father of the Pandavas

•Draupadi- wife of the Pandavas

•Duryondhana- oldest son of Dhritarashtra

DramaSakuntala

• Sanskrit drama by Kalidasa

tells the love between Sakuntala and King Dushyanta

• Emotion of rasa dominates every scene in Sanskrit drama. These emotions vary from love to anger, heroism, to cowardice, joy to terror and allows the audience to take part in the play and be one with the characters.

 

From Act 1

• King. You are too modest. I feel honoured by the mere sight of you. Shakuntala. Anusuya, my foot is cut on a sharp blade of grass, and my dress is caught on an amaranth twig. Wait for me while I loosen it.

• They are gone. And I must go.The sight of Shakuntala has made me dread the return to the city. I will make my men camp at a distance from the pious grove. But I cannot turn my own thoughts from Shakuntala. It is my body leaves my love, not I. My boy moves away, but not mind;For back to her struggling fancies fly, like silken banners borne against the wind.

Panchantantra(पञ्चतन्त्र)

(Five Principles or Techniques)• is a collection of Indian beast fables

originally written in Sanskrit• Panchatantra tells about five

ways that help the human being succeed in life • There are 101 Short Stories that can be

found in Panchantantra

• Panchantra 1: The Jack and the Drum

• Panchantra 2: The Lapwings and the Sea

• Panchantra 3: The Donkey and the Cunning Fox

• Panchantra 4: The Marriage of a Snake

•Panchantra 5: The Death Lord Indra’s Parrot

•Panchantra 6: The Mongoose and the Baby in the Cradle

• Panchantra 7: The Four Friends and the Hunter

• Panchantra 8: Why The Owls Bcame Enemies of the Crows

• Panchantra 9 : The Visit of the Swan

• Panchantra 10: A Poor Brahmins Dream

• Panchantra 11:The Bullock and the Lion

• Panchantra 12: The Talkative Tortoise

• Panchantra 13: The Sage and the House

• Panchanta 14: Beware of Mean Friends

• Panchantra 15:

United We Stand Divided We Fall

• Panchantra 16:

The Trick of the Crow

Play

•The Little Clay Cart (Mrcchakatika) is attributed to Shudraka, a king.

Hindi Language

• Famous Literary Works Under Hindi

•Khusrow was a prolific classical poet associated with the royal courts of more than seven rulers of the Delhi Sultanate. He is popular in much of North India because of many playful riddles, songs and legends attributed to him.

• Color Me in Colors of Love 

Color me in colors of love,You are my lover of lovers,Color me in your love.Color my scarf and my lover’s turban,Color them both in the colors of spring.Whatever you ask in return

• I will give you. I will pawn my youthIf you will.

You are my lover of lovers,I have now come to your door,Please guard my pride and dignity.

Color me in colors of love,You are my lover of lovers,Color me in your love.

Original in Hindi

• Mohay apnay hi rung mein rung lay, Tu to saaheb mera Mehboob-e-Ilaahi; Mohay apnay hi rung mein……Humri chundariya, piyaa ki pagariya, Woh to donon basanti rung day; Tu to saaheb mera …….Jo kuch mangay rung ki rungaai, Mora joban girvi rakhlay

• Tu to saaheb mera…….Aan pari darbaar tehaaray, Mori laaj saram sab rakh lay; Tu to saaheb mera Mehboob-e-Ilaahi, Mohay apnay hi rung mein rung lay

Other Poems written by Khrusrow

• Come Spring• Just by Catting a Glance• A Daughter and a Mother Duet• The Village Well is Very hard Slope• Gross became the mustard Flowers

• Bengali Language

Gitanjali: ( Song Offerings) was originally published in India in 1910 and its translation followed in 1912.

No.57 (Poem)

Light, my light, the world-filling light, the eye-kissing light, heart-sweetening light!

Ah, the light dances, my darling, at the centre of my life; the light strikes, my darling, the chords of my love; the sky opens, the wind runs wild, laughter passes over the earth.