osm ccb placement in coal mines - proposed rulemaking
DESCRIPTION
OSM CCB Placement in Coal Mines - Proposed Rulemaking. John R. Craynon, P.E. Chief, Division of Regulatory Support Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Washington, DC. What are CCBs?. Boiler slag Bottom ash Fluidized bed combustion materials - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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OSM CCB Placement in Coal Mines - Proposed Rulemaking
John R. Craynon, P.E.Chief, Division of Regulatory SupportOffice of Surface Mining Reclamation and EnforcementWashington, DC
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What are CCBs?
• Boiler slag• Bottom ash• Fluidized bed combustion materials• Flue gas desulfurization materials• Fly ash
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Mine Placement Economic Realities
Limited to:• Low transportation cost situations
– Mine mouth power plants
• Small power plants without RCRA disposal facilities
• Beneficial applications
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Volumes of CCBs placed at mines
• Around 1.4% of all generated CCBs placed in mines
• CCBs placed equal to 0.15% of coal mined• Beneficial use cases: 5% of coal volume
replacement• Mine mouth power plants: maximum 25% of
coal volume
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History• OSM has been working on CCB mine
placement issues for a number of years– 1994 Interagency Cooperation – 1996 Policy Statement
• Mine placement is an acceptable practice under SMCRA
– IMCC, OSM, EPA have been meeting regularly since 1999 to formulate regulatory approaches
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OSM CCB Activities
• Hosted six interactive forums on CCBs
• Publication of Forum Proceedings
• Provided assistance to ASTM
• Developed CCB Website
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Regulatory History
• 1988 EPA Report to Congress– No Subtitle C regulations needed
• 2000 EPA Regulatory Determination– No Subtitle C regulations needed– RCRA, SMCRA or a combination
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EPA Information Gathering
• Risk assessment of groundwater data• CCB damage case information
– No SMCRA mine site damage cases
• Field investigations• Comparison of RCRA and SMCRA
requirements• 2002 public listening sessions hosted by EPA,
OSM and IMCC
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NAS Study
• Directed by Congress
• Focused on coal mine placement
• Focused on identifying risks
• Released in March 2006
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SMCRA Regulatory Background
• No explicit regulatory provisions related to CCBs in SMCRA
• CCB placement subject to all permitting and performance requirements
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OSM Rulemaking Process
• Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (March 2007)
• Proposed Rulemaking (2008?)– Currently at OMB for approval
• Final Rulemaking (2009?)
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ANPR
• Sought comments on intention to propose rule– Looked for input on what rule should
address
• Over 1,700 comments received, about 40 of which were substantial
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Comments received on ANPR
• Coal industry/Electrical utilities– OSM/SMCRA States should regulate– Incorporate into existing regulatory
structure– Allow for flexibility
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Comments received on ANPR
• States– States have experience– Rules should be flexible and build on
existing program– Look at characterization of material and
site– Reflect beneficial use of CCBs
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Comments received on ANPR
• Individuals/environmental organizations– SMCRA not intended to regulate waste
disposal– Rules must also follow RCRA– OSM should prepare an EIS– Follow NRC recommendations
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Proposed Rulemaking
• Proposed rules based solely on existing SMCRA authorities
• Proposed rules draw from existing regulations
• Proposed rules collect CCB placement requirements into a few sections, make implicit requirements explicit, and add new requirements as necessary
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Rulemaking Content
• Title V– Permitting– Bonding– Monitoring– Performance Standards
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Rules (cont.)
• Title IV (AML)– Limited to sites using AML Fund
monies– Information requirements– Analysis/Design requirements
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OSM Rulemaking Approach
• OSM worked with EPA and states to develop proposal
• OSM considered ANPR comments and technical input
• Proposal allows what works to continue and adds only what is needed
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OSM Goals in rulemaking
• Balance need for coal and opportunity to enhance mining and reclamation with CCB placement
• Ensure protection of the public and environment
• Enhance reclamation of mined lands
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NOTE
• Proposed rule has not been cleared by OMB and is subject to change
• OSM has no control over or idea when the proposed rule will be published
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
Types of placement to be covered
• Placement in mined-out area• Use in construction or reclamation of
waste disposal facility• Return of CCBs to coal refuse
reprocessing facility
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
Exceptions• Use of CCBs as soil amendments• Use of CCBs for road building• Placement of CCBs in underground mine voids• Placement of CCBs under a RCRA permit• Placement before issuance of final rules
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
Regulatory Review of Permits– Regular review of permits with CCBs
after placement begins• Ensure compliance with the plan and
regulatory requirements
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
Permit application requirements– Spell out specific information needed
when CCBs are to be placed
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Potential permit application requirements– Maps– Right to place CCBs– Descriptions and cross-sections of
placement
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Permit application requirements (cont.)– Volumes of CCBs to be placed– Info on the source of CCBs– Type of CCBs to be placed– Tests and analyses required
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Permit application requirements (cont.)– Parameters to be tested for– Baseline hydrologic information– Geologic descriptions of placement
areas
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Permit application requirements (cont.)– Surface and groundwater flow info– Hydrological modeling info– Anticipated effects of CCBs on water
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Determinations and findings– Set out RA responsibilities in
permitting– Requirement for written finding on
suitability of CCB placement
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Permit revisions– Permit revisions that include
placement of CCBs are significant and require public involvement
• Addresses concern in NRC report
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Bonding– Add new requirement for amount
and duration of groundwater monitoring data showing no adverse trends prior to bond release
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Performance Standards – Adds several specific requirements– Address concerns from NRC report,
comments received on ANPR, and other input
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Performance standards– Regular testing– Testing when source or character of
CCBs changes– Groundwater monitoring
requirements
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Performance standards (cont.)– Remedial action requirements– RA review of monitoring– Contemporaneous reclamation
requirements
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Performance standards (cont.)– Prohibitions on creation of excess spoil as
a result of CCB placement– Requirement for minimum cover– Requirement for prevention of air and
water pollution resulting from placement
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Potential Areas to be Addressed
• Abandoned Mine Lands– Add new requirements for projects funded
under Title IV which contemplate CCB placement
– Requirements generally adopt same approach for AML projects as for Title V
– Proposal must recognize unique nature of AML
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Comment period
• OSM will likely be proposing a 60-day comment period– We expect requests for extension
• OMB review may result in expanded or contracted comment period
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EPA Rulemaking
• EPA will address the few coal sites outside of SMCRA jurisdiction– Operations not classified as “coal mines”– AML sites with no SMCRA involvement
• OSM has worked closely with EPA• Minefilling rules under SMCRA and
EPA rules will complement each other