ORV SAGAR KANYA CRUISE 220

(10 May - 8 June, 2005)

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY

(Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Dona Paula, Goa 403004

REPORT ON CRUISE 220 OF ORV SAGAR KANYA CONTENTS 1. Summary

2. Cruise track

3. Introduction

4. Itinerary

5. Cruise participants

5.1. Scientific component

5.2. Ship’s complement

6. Objectives

7. Work accomplished

7.1. Parameters measured

7.2. Instrument and machinery used onboard

7.3. NIO Equipment used onboard

7.4. ADCP operations

7.5. Surface met observation

7.6. CTD operations

7.7. MPN operations

7.8. In situ primary production measurements

7.9. 15N based new production measurements

7.10. Piston core operation

7.11. Deployment of Argo floats

8. Performance of the equipment used

9. Performance of the ship

10. Loss Report

11. Conclusions

12. Recommendations

13. Acknowledgements

Appendix - I. Table 1

2

1. SUMMARY The 220th cruise of ORV Sagar Kanya sailed from Kochi on 10th May 2005 and

returned back to Kochi on 8th June 2005. This is the first of the four cruises planned

in the Equatorial Indian Ocean under the DOD funded programme of Oceanic

processes of the equatorial Indian Ocean (GAP-1402) to address the seasonal

variability of the upper ocean in response to atmospheric forcing and its implication

to overall biogeochemistry. The in situ measurements in this cruise are designed to

capture the spring inter-monsoon (pre-monsoon) signature. The measurements

were of two types: underway and in situ. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP),

was used for the under way measurement. For in situ measurements, the CTD was

operated at half-a-degree interval along two transects along 77oE and 83oE from

5oN to 5oS with 12 L and/ 5 L GoFLo bottles. Water samples for the analysis of

chemical parameters were collected by operating the CTD twice (usually 1000-150

m and 120-1 m). Similarly there were two separate casts for Primary Productivity

(PP) and 15N based new production rate measurements (up to 150 m). Multiple

Plankton Net (MPN) was hauled up from 1000 m to surface with intermittent

closing/opening of individual nets usually from 1000-500, 500-300, 300-200 (below

thermocline), 200-50 (thermocline) and from 50 to surface (mixed layer). To achieve

in situ conditions for PP measurements, the PP mooring assembly with samples

from 10 different depths after adding tracer substrates- was deployed before day-

break and recovered after sun set from ten pre-decided stations. A sediment core

was collected from 4373 m at 5oS and 83oE. A total of six Argo floats were deployed

at six pre-determined locations. Hands-on training on oceanographic data collection

and analysis was given to 14 Marine Science students of Goa University.

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2. CRUISE TRACK

70 75 80 85 90-10

-5

0

5

10

15

PMEL Mooring PP Stations

CTD Stations

4

3. INTRODUCTION

The 220th cruise of ORV Sagar Kanya is the first of the four cruises planned in the

Equatorial Indian Ocean under the DOD funded programme of Oceanic processes

of the equatorial Indian Ocean (GAP-1402) to address the seasonal variability of

the upper ocean in response to atmospheric forcing and its implication to overall

biogeochemistry. The in situ measurements in this cruise are designed to capture

the spring inter-monsoon (pre-monsoon) signature. The measurements were of two

types: underway and in situ. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), was used

for the under way measurement. For in situ measurements, the CTD was operated

at half-a-degree interval along two transects along 77oE and 83oE from 5oN to 5oS

with 12 L and/ 5 L GoFLo bottles. Water samples for the analysis of chemical

parameters were collected by operating the CTD twice (usually 1000 - 120 m and

100 - 1 m). Similarly there were two separate casts for Primary Productivity (PP)

and 15N based new production rate measurements (up to 150 m). Multiple Plankton

Net (MPN) was hauled up from1000 m to surface with intermittent closing/opening

of individual nets usually from 1000-500, 500-300, 300-200 (below thermocline),

200-50 (thermocline) and from 50 to surface (mixed layer). To achieve in situ

conditions for PP measurements, the PP mooring assembly with samples from 10

different depths after adding tracer substrates- was deployed before day-break and

recovered after sun set from ten pre-decided stations.

4. ITINERARY

Departure: Kochi, 10 May 2005

Arrival: Kochi, 8 June 2005

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5. CRUISE PARTICIPANTS 5.1 Scientific component

1. Dr. S. Prasanna Kumar, Chief Scientist National Inst. of Oceanography 2. Dr. Sugandha Sardesai -do- 3. Dr.V.V.Gopalakrishna -do- 4. Dr. Mangesh Gauns -do- 5. Mr. Nuncio Murukesh -do- 6. Ms. Jayu Narvekar -do- 7. Ms. Deepti .M -do- 8. Ms. Vera Rodrigues -do- 9. Ms. Venecia Catul -do-

10. Ms. Maya Varkey -do- 11. Ms. Karen Lobo -do- 12. Mr.Satya Prakash PRL 13. Ms. Sruthi Kumar Goa University 14. Ms. Tanvi Vaidyanathan -do- 15. Mr. Phadte Vinay -do- 16. Mr.Shetye S. Suhas -do- 17. Ms. Noronha Sharon B -do- 18. Ms. Gaonkar Pradnya P. -do- 19. Ms. Badesab Shahin Kadar -do- 20. Mr. Naik Sagar Ankush -do- 21. Ms. Dhargalker Supriya M. -do- 22. Ms. Shet Soniya M. -do- 23. Ms. Sawant Mrinal -do- 24. Ms. Bhosle Vinupriya S. -do- 25. Mr. Naik Tuyenkar Parag P. -do- 26. Ms. Nambiar Reshma K. -do- 27. Mr. Samant Darshan -do- 28. Mr. Biju V.Nair NORINCO 29. Mr. K. Anantha Krishnana -do- 30. Mr. M.L. Syedali -do- 31. Mr. M. Girish Yellappa -do-

5.2 Ship’s complement 1. CAPT. K.S. Pandyan Master 2. Mr. Satyendra Pratap Chief Officer 3. Mr. Kalyan Singh 2nd Officer 4. Mr. D. Chakraborty 2nd Officer 5. Dr. P.G. Ramda Medical Officer 6. Mr. Shankar Menon RO 7. Mr. P.H. Bhagavandas Purs. Officer 8. Mr. G.N. More CEO 9. Mr. S. Mandal 2nd EO

10. Mr. Haridharan Das 4th EO 11. Mr. Kazi Abdur Rob 4th EO 12. Mr. M.P. Chezhiyan 4th EO 13. Mr. P. Dhananjoy EL/O 14. Mr. Freddy Furtado Catg. Officer 15. Mr. Kannan Kumar A/Catg. Officer

6

6. OBJECTIVES 1. To obtain a high-resolution biogeochemical measurements along two trans-equatorial

sections along 78oE and 83oE from 5oN to 5oS to decipher spatial variations in physical, chemical and biological properties as a part of the seasonal cycle and the various forcing that are responsible for such variability in the equatorial Indian Ocean.

2. To visit the PMEL Ocean-Atmosphere mooring deployed at the equator during November 2004.

3. Collection of one sediment core from 5oS and 93oE. 4. Deploy Argo floats at pre-determined locations. 5. Training of Marine science students of Goa University on oceanographic data collection

and analysis.

7. WORK ACCOMPLISHED 7.1 Parameters measured 1. Temperature profile 2. Salinity profile 3. Sea surface temperature (SST) 4. Wind speed and direction 5. Air temperature and wet bulb

temperature 6. Atmospheric pressure 7. Current speed and direction (ADCP) 8. Chlorophyll a 9. 14C based Primary production rate

10. 15N based new production

11. Phytoplankton 12. Mesozooplankton 13. Microzooplankton 14. Bacterial abundance 15. TEP counts and concentration 16. Dissolved oxygen 17. TCO2 18. pH 19. Alkalinity 20. Nutrients (Nitrate, Phosphate) 21. TOC

7.2 Instrument and machinery used onboard 1. CTD with Rosette (Sea-Bird) 2. I-Dronaut CTD 3. 5L Niskin samplers 4. ADCP 5. AUTOSAL 6. Echo sounder 7. Multiple Plankton Net

8. Metrohm titration unit 9. Milli Q water purification system

10. Jib boom 11. Atlas crane 12. CTD winch 13. Deep sea winch 14. Piston corer

7.3 NIO equipment used onboard 1. Coulometer 2. pH meter 3. Spectrophotometer 4. Gas Chromatograph 5. Filtration units and pumps

6. 12 L GoFlo water samplers 12 numbers

7. PP Mooring system 8. Fluorometer 9. Sea-Bird conductivity sensor

7

7.4 ADCP operation ADCP was switched on for underway measurement on 10th May 2005 at 1930 hrs after crossing 50 m depth contour from the Kochi port towards the open ocean transect. ADCP data was collected along the tracks, 77oE and 83oE. 7.5 Surface met observations Surface met observations were carried out along both the track at each station. 7.6 CTD operations Sea-Bird CTD was operated at half-a-degree interval up to 1000 m depths to collect temperature and salinity profiles along 77oE and 83oE (see cruise track). Data was collected during down cast while water samples were collected during up cast. At each of the PP stations waters samples were collected using CTD Rosette for 2 casts for nutrient measurements, 1 cast each for zooplankton, PP, 15N based new production measurements. 7.7 MPN operations MPN was operated with flow meter sensor. Depth sensor was used to determine the closing depth of the net. In all 5 nets were operated to make stratified collection up to 1000 m. MPN was hauled up from 1000 m to surface with intermittent closing/opening of individual nets usually from 1000-500, 500-300, 300-200 (below thermocline), 200-50 (thermocline) and from 50 to surface (mixed layer). 7.8 In situ primary production measurements In situ primary production measurements were carried out by inoculating the samples drawn from CTD rosette from 10 depths (upper 150 m) by 14C and deploying it in situ with the help of PP mooring. In all 10 PP stations were occupied, 5 along 77oE and 5 along 83oE. 7.9 15N based new production measurements New production measurements were carried out using isotopically (15N) enriched tracers of Nitrate, Ammonia and Urea at all the PP stations (5along 77oE and 5 along 83oE). 7.10 Piston core operation Sediment core was collected using piston core from a water depth of 4373 m at 5oS and 83oE. The length of the core was about 3.5 m 7.11 Deployment of Argo floats In all 6 Argo floats were deployed during the cruise at pre-determined locations and the details are given below:

Float ID Date Time (IST) Latitude N/S Longitude E 1828 13 May 2005 0035 hrs 5 19.58N 76 58.32E 1833 25 May 2005 1950 hrs 4 53.87S 82 51.86E 1832 27 May 2005 2340 hrs 2 00.17S 82 51.86E 1829 29 May 2005 2345 hrs 0 01.66N 80 32.79E 1831 1 June 2005 1615 hrs 1 59.64N 83 01.42E 1830 5 June 2005 0455 hrs 5 03.47N 83 05.13E

8

8. PERFORMACE OF THE EQUIPMENT USED Sea-Bird CTD - calibration of CTD salinity with Autosal salinity As the Sea-Bird CTD onboard did not have a conductivity sensor, the Sea-Bird conductivity sensor brought from NIO was connected to it. The salinity from the conductivity sensor was calibrated with water samples collected from 600 m, 800 m and 1000 m depth and salinity estimated with the help of onboard Autosal. In all 36 samples from 12 locations along 77oE and 34 samples from 12 locations along 88oE were used to calibrate the CTD salinity with Autosal salinity. The regression for both transects (along 77oE and 83oE) is given in the below figures seperately.

Calibration Autosal vs CTD salinityalong 77E

y = 0.9986xR2 = -0.8442

34.535

35.5

34.8 35 35.2 35.4 35.6CTD Salinity (psu)

Aut

osal

Sal

inity

(psu

)

Comparis Though thetemperaturebetween thestation 5oN

CCalibrationalibratiop Autosal salinity vs CTD salinity along 83E

y = 0.9995xR2 = 0.814334.8

34.935

35.1

34.85 34.9 34.95 35 35.05 35.1

CTD salinity (psu)

Aut

osal

sa

linity

(psu

)

n

on between Sea-Bird CTD and Idronaut CTD

Sea-Bird CTD along with the Rosette was used extensively for acquiring the salinity profiles and collection of water samples, a comparison was made Sea-Bird CTD and onboard IDRONAUT CTD by operating both at the same

and 77oE (CTD_21) on 21st May 2005 at 1320 hrs.

9

10 15 20 25 30Temperature (oC)

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

Dep

th (m

)

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1Temperature (oC)

5

-1000

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

Comparison between IDRONAUT CTD and

32 33 34 35 36Salinity (psu)

-300

-250

-200

-150

-100

-50

0

Dep

th (m

)

Comparison between IDRONAUT CTD and

33.5 34 34.5 35Salinity (psu)

-1000

-900

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

SEABIRD CTDCTD_21 Lat: 5

o

S Long: 77o

E SST: 29.4o

C Time: 1320 hrs. Date: 21-05-2005

SEABIRD CTDCTD_21 Lat: 5

o

S Long: 77o

E SST: 29.4o

C Time: 1320 hrs. Date: 21-05-2005

10

It is obvious from the above plots that there exist a substantial difference between the Sea-Bird CTD and the IDRONAUT CTD for both temperature and conductivity sensors, more severe for later. CTD Rosette The CTD Rosette was working only for 11 bottle positions. Very often though the triggering indicated closing of bottles at positions 6, 8 and 12, when the CTD comes up they did not close and hence resulted in loss of sample. As there were not enough spares such as rubber chord, o-rings, sockets, crimping mechanism, vineyards etc. were not available for GoFlo bottles, rectification of the problem was not effective. Hydrographic winch Hydrographic winch developed winding problem during the course of the operation. Hence subsequent operations of lifting of MPN net were carried out manually. Multiple Plankton Net In general multiple plankton net worked very well. But some times there were incidents when the net did not close due to malfunctioning, which was later rectified for subsequent operations. Auto analyzer The auto analyzer was used to analyze nitrite/nitrate, but the phosphate and silicate analysis was not possible due to malfunction.

9. PERFORMANCE OF THE SHIP In general, the shipboard machinery and equipment worked satisfactorily but the major problem encountered was with air-conditioning system. The air-conditioning in the labs, specially chemistry lab, dry port lab, dry starboard lab, wet port lab, wet starboard lab, photography lab (Autosal lab) was not functioning as lab temperature were 30oC most of the time. Due to this chemical analysis and several other analysis have to be shifted from their designated place to labs which were cooler such as Gravimeter room, multi-purpose lab etc. In some labs additional fans were fitted to give more ventilation thereby reducing the temperature marginally. The living rooms and the recreation room of scientists and the chief scientist’s cabin were very hot throughout the cruise. Apart from this, bedbugs infested most of the cabins. The top panels and porthole frames of several cabins were rusted and were in a very bad shape. This sometime resulted in water leakage.

10. LOSS REPORT Two 12 L GoFlo bottles belonging to NIO was damaged during the course of the operation. 200 m of CTD cable was cut at CTD_26 station (3oS, 83oE) on 26th May 2005 at 1645 hrs as the CTD developed electrical fault in the cable.

11

11. CONCLUSIONS Data was collected at all the planned stations. 1. All 43 stations were covered for various observations and data collection. 2. ADCP data was collected along both the track, i.e, along 77oE and 83oE. 3. CTD was operated at half-a-degree interval up to 1000 m depth along 77oE and 88°E. 4. Nutrients and chlorophyll a measurements were carried out at one-degree interval

along 77oE and 88°E. However, near the equator the sampling was carried out at half-a-degree spatial interval.

5. 14C based primary production measurement were carried in-situ at 10 stations, 5 each along 77oE and 88°E.

6. 15N based new production measurements were carried out at all the 10 PP stations. 7. One piston core was operated at a water depth of 4373 m location at 5oS and 83oE. 8. The PMEL TAO buoy at 1.5oS and 80.5oE was located without mast on 29 May 2005 at

1045 hrs. 9. The second PMEL TAO buoy at equator and 80.5oE was located with mast (but without

light) on 29th May 2005 at 2225 hrs. 10. 6 Argo floats were deployed at pre-determined positions.

12. RECOMMENDATIONS • AS most of the multidisciplinary cruise needs large volume of water sample it is

important to have sufficient number of (at least 12+5 spare) 12L GoFLo. • samplers along with spare parts like rubber chords, crimping equipment and

accessories, vineyards, etc. • Vacuum pump and filtration unit being a common facility used by chemists, biologists

and geologists, at least 3-4 sets must be available for continuous operation. • Most of the 30L GoFlo bottles are damaged/needs replacement. It is recommended

that 2 sets of 30L bottles (12 × 2 = 24 nos). • Present CTD Rosette needs urgent repair/replacement some of the studs on which

water samplers are to be hooked are either damaged or non functional. • The cooling in the dry port lab and conference room is not satisfactory. Additional AC

unit may augment this. • An LCD projector and a PC may be made available permanently at the conference

room to facilitate talks, seminars and discussions.

13. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Master, Chief Engineer, Chief Officer, all other Officers as well as the entire shipboard personnel from deck, engine and catering departments cooperated very well to make this cruise a great success. The Chief Scientist and the entire team record their appreciation for this co-operation.

Similarly, the ELCOME engineers extended their technical support whenever required.

The constant encouragement by the Director, NIO and the excellent logistical support extended by Dr. M. Sudhakar and NCAOR team is greatly acknowledged.

Equatorial project team acknowledges the funding support by the Department of Ocean Development, Government of India for carrying out this measurement programme.

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Appendix I Table 1 - Station locations and operations

Sl. No.

Station number

Latitude N/S

Longitude E Date Time IST Operations

1

CTD_01

5o 20’N 5o 19’N

76o 57’E

12-5-05 13-5-05

0410 0530 0620 0710 1850 2030 2245 2330 0035

Transect along 77oE PP cast up to 150 m N15 cast up to 150 m Micro-Zoo up to 150 m PP mooring deployment PP mooring recovery CTD deep cast up to 1000 m CTD Shallow cast up to 100 m MPN up to 1000 m Deployment of Argo float ID1828

2 CTD_02 4o 29’N 77o 00’ E 13-5-05 0600 CTD deep cast up to 1000 m

3 CTD_03 3o 59’N

77o 00’ E 13-5-05 1045 1200 1310

CTD Deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 500 m CTD shallow cast 100 m

4 CTD_04 3o 30’N 77o 00’ E 13-5-05 0710 CTD deep cast up to 1000 m 5 CTD_05 3o 00’N 77o 00’ E

13-5-05 14-5-05

2220 0005

CTD deep cast up to 1000 m CTD shallow cast up to 300 m.

6

CTD_06

2o 31’ N

76o 59’ E 77o 00’ E

14-5-05 15-5-05

0415 0515 0610 1830 0020 0140 0245

PP cast up to 150 m N15 cast up 101 m PP mooring deployment PP mooring recovery CTD deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 500 m CTD shallow cast up to 150 m

7 CTD_07 2o 01’N 77o 00’ E 15-5-05 0730 CTD deep cast up to 1000m 8 CTD_08 1o 30’N 77o 00’ E 15-5-05

1315 1440 1605

CTD deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000m CTD shallow cast up to 150 m

9

CTD_09 1o 0’N 77o 00’ E

17-5-05

1310 1435

CTD deep cast up to 1000 m CTD shallow cast up to 300 m

10 CTD_10 0o 29’N 77o 00’ E 17-5-05 1830 2000 2127

CTD deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m CTD shallow cast up to 120 m

11 CTD_11 0o 0’N 77o 00’ E 16-5-05 17-5-05

0505 0605 0615 0225 0442 0705

PP cast up to 150 m 15N cast up 125 m PP mooring deployment CTD deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m CTD shallow cast up to 100 m

12 CTD_12 00o 29’S 77o 00’ E 18-5-05

0545 0700

CTD deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m

13

0810 CTD shallow cast up to 120 m 13 CTD_13 00o 59’S 77o 00’ E

18-5-05 1250

1425 CTD deep cast up to 1000 m CTD shallow cast up to 200 m

14

CTD_14

2o 30’S

76o 59’E

19-5-05

0117 0215 0305 0405 0455 0555 1830

CTD deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m CTD shallow cast up to 300 m PP cast up to 150 m N15 cast up to 152 m PP mooring deployment

PP mooring recovery 15 CTD_15 1o 29’S 77o 00 ‘E

20-5-05 0030

0145 0225

CTD deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m CTD shallow cast up to 200 m

16 CTD_16 2o 0’S 77o 00’ E 20-5-05 0637 CTD deep cast up to 1000 m 17 CTD_17 3o 0’S 76o 59’ E

20-5-05 1450

1540 1640

CTD deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m CTD shallow cast up to 120 m

18 CTD_18 3o 29’S 76o59’E 20-5-05 2037 CTD deep cast up to 1000 m 19 CTD_19 3o 59’S 76o 59’E 21-5-05 0130

0220 0300

CTD deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m CTD shallow cast up to

20 CTD_20 4o 30’S 76o 59’E 21-5-05 0735 CTD deep cast up to 1000m 21 CTD_21 5o 00’S 76o 59’E 21-5-05

22-5-05

1220 1320 1415 1447 0010 0405 0505 0545 1830

Deep cast Sea Bird CTD Idronaut CTD up to 100 m Shallow cast up to 200 m MPN up to 2500 m MPN up to 1000 m PP cast up to 150 m N15 cast up to 115 m PP mooring deployment PP mooring recovery

22

CTD_22

04o 49’S 05o 00’S 04o 53’ S

83o 00’ E

83o 00’ E 82o 51’ E

24-5-05 25-5-05 25-5-05

0740 0915 1035 1100 0015 0330 0430 0510 1833 1950

Transect along 83oE CTD deep cast up to 1000 m CTD shallow cast up to 800 m CTD shallow cast up to 60 m Piston core operation MPN up to 1000 m PP cast up to 150 m N15 cast up to 160 m PP mooring deployment PP mooring recovery Deployment of Argo float ID 1833

23 CTD_23 4o 29’ S 83o 00’ E 25-5-05 1700 CTD deep cast up to 1000 m 24 CTD_24 04o 00’S

83o 59’ E

26-5-05 0220 0315 0410

Deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m Shallow cast up to 120 m

25 CTD_25 3o 30’ 83o 0’ 26-5-05 0808 Deep cast 1000 m 26 CTD_26 3o 0’ 82o 59’ 26-5-05 1300 Deep cast 1000 m

14

1400 1645

MPN up to 1000 m Shallow cast 120 m (Due to electrical problem of CTD cable operation was halted at 1445 200m CTD cable was out and reconnected. Operation resumed at 1645. (1445 – 1645) )

27 CTD_27 02o 29’ 02o 30’

82o 59’ 83o 0’

26-5-05 27-5-05

2120 2220 2340 0335 0430 0500 0530 1815 2340

Deep cast up to 100 m Shallow cast up to 120 m MPN up to1000 m PP cast up to150 m PP cast up to120 m NI5 cast up to130 m PP deployment PP recovery Deployment of ARGO float ID 1832

28 CTD_28 02o 00’ 82o 59’ 27-5-05 2240 Deep cast upto1000 m 29 CTD_29 01o 29’ 82o 59’ 28-5-05 0320

0410 0515

Deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to1000m Shallow cast up to 150 m

30 CTD_30 01o 00’ 82o 59’ 28-5-05 0915 1040

Deep cast up to 1000 m Shallow cast up to 300 m

31 CTD_31 00o 30’ 83o 00’ 28-5-05 1445 1545 1645 1045

Deep cast up to1000 m MPN up to 1000 m Shallow cast up to120 m [TAO buoy without mast was sighted at position 01o 29’ S 80o 29’E Took Photograph]

32 CTD_32 01o 29’ 80o 27’ 29-5-05 1110 Deep cast up to 1000 m [Tao Buoy with mast (but without light) was first sighted on the screen of Radar at 2210hr on 29-5-05. Location of Bouy LAT: 00o 01’N LONG: 80o 31’E] [Sighted by eye near the ship under searchlight at 2225 hr]

33 CTD_33 00o 50’N 80o 32’E 29-5-05 2245 2345

Deep cast up to 1000m Deployment of ARGO float ID 1829

34 CTD_34 00o 29’N 83o 00’E 30-5-05 1615 1720 1810

Deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m Shallow cast up to 120 m

35 CTD_35 00o 00’S 83o 00’E 30-5-05 31-5-05

2155 2250 2355 0335 0430 0515 1815

Deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m Shallow cast up to 200 m PP cast up to150 m NI5 upto 130 m PP deployment PP Recovery

15

16

36 CTD_36 00o 59’ N 83o 00’E 01-6-05 0325 0425

Deep cast up to1000 m Shallow cast up to 200 m

37 CTD_37 01o 30’ N 83o 00’ E 01-6-05 0840 0945 1050

Deep cast 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m Shallow cast up to 150 m

38 CTD_38 01o 59’N 83o 00’ E 01-6-05 1515 1615

Deep cast up to 1000 m Deployment of ARGO float ID 1831

39 CTD_39 02o 29’ N 83o 00’ E 01-6-05 02-6-05

2005 2055 2150 0340 0600 1820

Deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m Shallow cast up to 120 m PP cast up to 150 m NI5 cast (Suspended due to strong wind, rain and rough weather) PP deployment PP recovery

40 CTD_40 03o 00’ N 83o 00’ E 03-6-05 0130 0430 0450 0725

Deep cast up to 1000 m Shallow cast up to 120 m MPN up to 1000 m N15 cast up to 115 m

41 CTD_41 03o 30’ N 83o 00’ E 03-6-05 1140 Deep cast 1000 m 42 CTD_42 04o 00’ N 83o 00’ E 03-6-05 1600

1730 1930

Deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to 1000 m Shallow cast up to 120 m

43 CTD_43 05o 00’ N 05o 00’ N 05o 03’ N

83o 00’ E 83o 00’ E 83o 05’ E

04-6-05 05-6-05

0225 0410 0515 1830 0200 0300 0405 0455

PP Cast up to 150 m N15 Cast up to120 m PP deployment PP recovery Deep cast up to 1000 m MPN up to1000 m Shallow cast up to 500 m Deployment of ARGO float ID 1830