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HORTSCIENCE 51(1):23–29. 2016.

Genetic Diversity, PopulationStructure, and Formation of a CoreCollection of 1197 Citrullus AccessionsHaiying Zhang, Jianguang Fan, Shaogui Guo, Yi Ren, Guoyi Gong,and Jie ZhangBeijing Vegetable Research Center, National Engineering Research Centerfor Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement ofHorticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing KeyLaboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097,People’s Republic of China

Yiqun WengUSDA-ARS Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Horticulture Department,University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53719

Angela DavisHM.CLAUSE, 9241 Mace Boulevard, Davis, CA 95618

Yong Xu1

Beijing Vegetable Research Center, National Engineering Research Centerfor Vegetables, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing, China; and Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement ofHorticultural Crops (North China), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing KeyLaboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Improvement, Beijing, 100097,People’s Republic of China

Additional index words. Citrullus, genetic diversity, population structure, core set, molecularmarkers

Abstract. Watermelon belongs to the genus Citrullus. There have been continuinginterests in breeding of watermelon for economic benefits, but information on the scopeand utilization of genetic variations in Citrullus is still limited. The present study wasconducted in 2012–13, to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of the1197 line watermelon collection maintained by the Beijing Vegetable Research Center(BVRC), which belongs to seven Citrullus species including Citrullus naudinianus,Citrullus colocynthis, Citrullus rehmii, Citrullus ecirrhosus, Citrullus amarus, Citrullusmucosospermus, and Cirullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris. Twenty-three highly informativemicrosatellite markers evenly distributed in the watermelon genome were used to assessgenetic diversity in this collection. The markers detected on an average of 6.05 alleles perlocus with the average value of polymorphism information content (PIC) at 0.49. A highlevel of gene diversity [Nei’s gene diversity index (Nei) = 0.56] and a low observedheterozygosity (Ho = 0.10) were revealed within the collection. Structure analysisgrouped the 1197 accessions into two main populations (Pop I and Pop II) and anadmixture group. Pop I contained 450 accessions from C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris (446)and C. mucosospermus (4). Pop II comprised 465 accessions, 379 of which belonged to C.lanatus subsp. vulgaris and 86 to C. naudinianus (3), C. ecirrhosus (2), C. rehmii (2), C.colocynthis (11), C. amarus (58), and C. mucosospermus (10). The remaining 282accessions were classified as an admixture group. The two main populations werefurther subdivided into four subgroups. The groupings were consistent with theestimation of F statistics (Fst) and Nei’s genetic distances in collections. We confirmedthe distinct genetic backgrounds between American and East Asian ecotypes. Sub-sequently, we defined a core set consisting of 130 accessions including 47 from Pop I, 68from Pop II, and 15 from the Admixture group. This core set was able to capture all 133alleles detected by 23 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in 1197 accessions. These resultswill facilitate efficient use of genetic variations in Citrullus in watermelon breeding andhelp optimization of accessions in genomewide association studies.

Watermelon is a major vegetable cropthroughout the world. It is an importantsource of income for small-scale farmers ofChina. There is an ongoing need to improve

watermelon, particularly for higher diseaseand pest resistances and yield. However,most breeding programs have relied on theuse of established cultivars or elite breeding

lines, which resulted in lower genetic di-versity within cultivated watermelon, imped-ing progress of watermelon breeding efforts(Levi et al., 2004). It has been shown that thenarrow genetic base in watermelon can beaverted with the use of wild materials (Leviet al., 2013). Since publicly accessible pass-port data on features and variations for thecollections are limited (Munisse et al., 2013),it would take considerable time and effort todevelop adapted, high-performing lines fromcrosses between elite and wild or exoticgenotypes (Kottapalli et al., 2007). As such,commercial breeders are often reluctant touse the wild or exotic relatives directly toincrease the genetic diversity of elite germ-plasm. Information on genetic differentiationand relationships of germplasm will be ben-eficial in efficient use of genetic resources.

Watermelon belongs to the genus Citrul-lus, but the taxonomic status of species,subspecies, and varieties in this genus isevolving. Previously, Citrullus included fourspecies including C. lanatus (Thunb.) Mat-sum. Et Nakai,C. colocynthis (L.) Schrad.,C.eccirrhosus Cogn., and C. rehmii de Winter.Cultivated watermelon belongs to C. lanatus(Jarret and Newman, 2000). Three subspeciesof C. lanatus were recognized, includingsubsp. vulgaris, representing the commonsweet watermelon group, subsp. lanatus,comprising the citron and ‘‘tsamma’’ types,and subsp. mucosospermus, encompassingthe ‘‘egusi’’ seed watermelons. C. lanatus isalso frequently divided into two botanicalvarieties: var. lanatus and var. citroides withthe former including the sweet type (subsp.vulgaris) and seed type (subsp. mucososper-mus) (Laghetti and Hammer, 2007). Recentmolecular phylogenetic analysis found thatthe three subspecies ofC. lanatuswere in factunrelated species (Chomicki and Renner,2015). As such, it was proposed that thegenus Citrullus should include seven species:1) C. lanatus with the sweet watermelongroup as C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris, 2) C.amarus, also known as C. lanatus var. caf-frorum or C. lanatus var. citroides, 3) C.mucosospermus, the ‘‘egusi’’ melon, previ-ously treated as a subspecies of C. lanatus,4) C. colocynthis, which is perennial and grow-ing in northern Africa and adjacent Asia,5) C. ecirrhosus, a tendril-less South Africanendemic, another perennial wild species,6) C. rehmii, an annual wild species, and 7)C. naudinianus from the Namib–Kalahari re-gions (Achigan-Dako et al., 2015; Chomickiand Renner 2015).

This new taxonomic classification likelyimprove the functionality ofCitrullus geneticresources for watermelon breeding. Molecu-lar characterization (Dane and Liu, 2006;Levi et al., 2013; Minsart et al., 2011)revealed a high level of genotypic diversitybetween C. colocynthis and C. lanatus subsp.vulgaris or C. mucosospermus, and lowgenetic differentiation within C. lanatussubsp. vulgaris as compared with C. lanatusvar. citroides (C. amarus). Obviously, addi-tional work is needed to investigate thephylogenetic relationships among Citrullus

HORTSCIENCE VOL. 51(1) JANUARY 2016 23

and explore their potential in watermelonbreeding (Chomicki and Renner, 2015; Leviet al., 2013; Mujaju et al., 2012; Nantoum�eet al., 2013).

There are abundant collections of Citrul-lus germplasm deposited in various genebanks worldwide, which offer considerableopportunities for trait improvement in water-melon breeding. However, the large size,heterogeneous structure, and unavailabilityof information on trait diversity hamper thesuccessful utilization of the genetic poten-tial of these collections. At present, it is notrealistic to characterize all available collec-tions due to associated cost in labor, space,and time. Also, regeneration is a majorproblem, due to the numerous practical pre-cautions required by the insect-mediated cross-pollination mating system of Citrullus. Forthe convenience of management, research,and application, Frankel and Brown proposedthe concept of core collections (Frankel andBrown, 1984). A core collection is the max-imum possible genetic diversity contained inthe entire collection with a minimum ofrepetitiveness. To date, core collections havebeen established for many species, includingtomato (Solanum pimpinellifolium L.) (Raoet al., 2012), cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)(Lv et al., 2012), melon (Cucumis melo L.)(Hu et al., 2014), apple (Malus ·domesticaBorkh.) (Liang et al., 2015), common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) (Wingen et al., 2014),and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) (Upadhyayaet al., 2003). There is also a core set forwatermelon (251 accessions) which was de-veloped based on morphological descriptorsand random selection by the USDA (http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/), and the 84watermelon from the USDA core collectionwe analyzed; however, a core collection un-der a genome-wide molecular characteriza-tion has not been performed.

The power of molecular markers inassessing the genetic diversity and helpingthe management of plant genetic resources(e.g., development of a core collection) hasbeen well demonstrated (Kong et al., 2014).From a plant breeding perspective, molecularanalysis can help to define the lineage re-lationships among genetic materials and toeliminate the phenomenon of homonyms aswell as aiding identification of breeding linescarrying genes of interest (Hu et al., 2014). Inwatermelon, molecular markers have beenused for fingerprinting, identifying andcharacterizing watermelon genotypes, and

examining population structure (Levi et al.,2013; Mujaju et al., 2010; Nantoum�e et al.,2013; Nimmakayala et al., 2014; Zhanget al., 2012). Nevertheless, a broader under-standing of the diversity and differentiationamong and within Citrullus accessions is stilllacking; also, there seems to be no informationavailable on the overall genetic diversity andpopulation structure of a wide spectrum ofwatermelon accessions.

The BVRC has maintained 1197 acces-sions representing seven species of Citrullus(C. naudinianus,C. colocynthis,C. rehmii,C.ecirrhosus, C. amarus, C. mucosospermus,and C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris). From thewatermelon draft genome sequences, we pre-viously identified 23 SSR markers that arehighly polymorphic and evenly distributedacross the watermelon genome (Zhang et al.,2012). The objectives of the present study areto use these SSR markers to examine thegenetic diversity and the population structureof the BVRC collection and to construct a coreset from this collection with our long-termgoal to explore the diversity in watermelonresources for modern watermelon breeding.

Materials and Methods

Plant material and DNA extraction. Thepresent study was conducted in 2012–13. The1197 watermelon accessions maintained byBVRC belong to seven species: C. naudinia-nus (3), C. ecirrhosus (2), C. rehmii (2), C.colocynthis (11), C. amarus (58), C. muco-sospermus (25), and C. lanatus subsp. vulga-ris (1096). Details of these accessions used inthis study are presented in SupplementalTable 1. Among them, 760 were introducedfrom the Southern Regional Plant Introduc-tion Station in Griffin, GA, and the remaining437 were diploid cultivars or inbred linesfrom different watermelon breeding pro-grams and seed companies in China.

For each accession (10 plants were usedfor each accession), genomic DNA wasextracted from 50 mg of young freeze-driedleaves following the hexadecyltrimethylam-monium bromide (CTAB) protocol (Levi andThomas, 1999); quantified with a Nanodrop�ND-1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Scien-tific, Wilmington, DE) and diluted to 10 ng/mLfor subsequent use.

SSR analysis. The 23 highly polymorphicwatermelon SSRs have been described in ourprevious study (Zhang et al., 2012), whichwere used for genotyping the 1197 water-melon accessions. Each 15 mL polymerasechain reaction (PCR) reaction mixture con-tained 20 ng template DNA, 4 mM each of theleft and right primers, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 2 mM

each of deoxynucleotide triphosphates, and0.5 U TaqDNA polymerase in 1· PCR buffer(Takara Company, China). The PCR reactionstarted with 94 �C for 5 min followed by35 cycles of 94 �C for 20 s, 55 �C for 20 s, and72 �C for 90 s with a final extension at 72 �Cfor 8 min. The PCR products were analyzedusing 6% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisin 1· Tris borate ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid buffer. The gel was stained with silver

staining using the SILVER SEQUENCEDNA Sequencing System (Promega, Madi-son, WI).

Genetic diversity assessment. Genetic pa-rameters such as the major allele frequency,the average number of alleles and PIC wereestimated using the PowerMarker v3.25software (Liu and Muse, 2005). Shannon’sinformation index (SW), Ho, expected het-erozygosity (He), Nei and estimation of pair-wise Fst among groups were calculated usingthe POPGENE v1.32 software (Yeh et al.,1997).

Population structure. A model-basedBayesian clustering method was applied toinfer genetic structure and define the numberof groups in the dataset using the softwareSTRUCTURE v.2.3 (Pritchard et al., 2000).To identify the putative number of groups(K), we ran an admixture and related fre-quency model from the value of K = 1 to 10(five runs at each K). Each run compriseda burn-in length of 10,000 followed by1,000,000 MCMC (Monte Carlo MarkovChain) replicates. The choice of most likelyK value was performed by calculating theestimated log probability of data [LnP(D)]and an ad-hoc statistic Dk based on the rate ofchange in LnP(D) between successive Kvalues, as described by Evanno et al.(2005). Based on the maximum membershipprobability for each individual, all accessionswere assigned to corresponding groups, asdescribed by Remington et al. (2001).

Construction of a core collection. Theadvanced M strategy, based on a modifiedheuristic algorithm implemented in thePowerCore software by Kim et al. (2007),was used to develop the core set. In thesoftware, genotype data at all loci weretransformed automatically into a frequencytable that covered the whole collection.

Results and Discussion

PIC of SSRs. All 23 SSR markers ampli-fied clear, easily scoreable, and polymorphicbands in the 1197 accessions, confirming theusefulness of these markers in distinguishingdifferent watermelon accessions. In addition,the band reproducibility and consistency forcontrol genotypes (20 Citrullus genotypeswith diverse genetic backgrounds and horti-cultural traits, which have been resequencedin the Xu’s laboratory, BVRC (Guo et al.,2013) assured that the SSRs used were reli-able genetic markers for Citrullus diversityanalysis.

A total of 133 alleles were detected by the23 SSRs ranging from 4 to 9 with an averageof 6.05 alleles per marker locus. The PICvalue ranged from 0.35 to 0.70, with anaverage of 0.49. Among the 23 markers,BVWS00433 exhibited the highest PIC value(0.70) and H value (0.74), whereasBVWS00314 had the lowest (H = 0.38;PIC = 0.35), which was the same as observedin our previous study (Zhang et al., 2012). Ingeneral, the PIC values indicate the allelediversity and frequency (Guo and Elston,1999). The average PIC value of 0.49 for

Received for publication 9 Oct. 2015. Accepted forpublication 30 Nov. 2015.This study was supported by funds from the Ministryof Science and Technology of China (31171980,31361140355, 31401893, and 2013BAD01B04);Ministry of Agriculture of China (CARS-26); BeijingMunicipal Science and Technology Commission,China (Z121105002512037, Z121105002612013);Beijing Natural Science Foundation (6141001,6144023); and Beijing Excellent Talents Programme(2014000021223TD03, 2013D002020000003).1Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

24 HORTSCIENCE VOL. 51(1) JANUARY 2016

Fig. 1. Optimal value of K for the full germplasm set of 1197 accesions. Fifty data sets were obtained by setting the number of possible clusters (K) from 1 to 10with five replications each. The log probability of data [LnP(D)] value for each givenK increased continuously, but did not show an abrupt change; the optimalK value could not be inferred (A). But after applying the Evanno’s correction method (Evanno et al., 2005), there was a clear peak of DK at K = 2, indicatingtwo major populations (Pop I and Pop II) in this panel of collections (B).

Table 1. Taxonomic classification of 1197Citrullus accessions assigned by the software STRUCTURE to populations (Pop I and Pop II) and subpopulations (PopIA, Pop IB, Pop IIA, and Pop IIB), and number of accessions from each subpopulation selected into the core set and American core set.

PopulationCitrullusamarus

Citrulluscolocynthis

Citrullusecirrhosus

Citrulluslanatus subsp. vulgaris

Citrullusmucosospermus

Citrullusnaudinianus

Citrullusrehmii Total Core set

Americancore set

Pop I 0 0 0 446 4 0 0 450 47 4Pop IA 0 0 0 234 4 0 0 238 23 4Pop IB 0 0 0 101 0 0 0 101 23 0Pop I admixed 0 0 0 111 0 0 0 111 1 0Pop II 58 11 2 379 10 3 2 465 68 42Pop IIA 4 0 0 357 7 0 0 368 38 37Pop IIB 51 9 2 4 0 3 2 71 26 4Pop II admixed 3 2 0 18 3 0 0 26 4 1Admixture group 0 0 0 271 11 0 0 282 15 38Total 58 11 2 1,096 25 3 2 1,197 130 84

Fig. 2. Model-based cluster membership of 1197 Citrullus accessions in two main populations (Pop I and Pop II) and four subpopulations (Pop IA, Pop IB, PopIIA, and Pop IIB). Pop IA was consisted of 238 accessions, a mix of American and East Asian ecotypes. Pop IB had 101 accessions, all from East Asianecotype. Pop IIA was a typical American ecotype panel and contained 368 accessions. Pop IIB contained 71 accessions, which was a wild species mixedsubgroup, with the accessions belonging to the six species.


23 markers from this study was comparablewith the average PIC of 0.50 by Kwon et al.(2010) for 49 sweet commercial watermeloncultivars, a PIC value of 0.53 by Joobeur et al.(2006) with eight C. lanatus var. lanatus andfour C. lanatus var. citroides accessions.Mujaju et al. (2011) reported that a very highPIC value of 0.92 from a study with 22 ac-cessions from Southern Africa whereas a lowPIC value of 0.35 was reported by Nantoum�eet al. (2013) in 134 watermelon landraceaccessions from Mali and the average PICof 0.34 by Munisse et al. (2013) for 96Mozambique accessions. Different PICvalues could be attributed to the number ofaccessions included in the above studies, aswell as the polymorphism of SSR markersused. In general, those studies showing lowPIC estimates only included two cultivatedspecies, C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris and C.mucosospermus. Our results reported hereinfrom seven Citrullus species may present theaverage of PIC values in this genus.

Genetic diversity and populationstructure in the BVRC Citrullus collection.Based on the data from 23 SSR markers on1197 watermelon accessions, the Nei’s genediversity index ranged from 0.38 to 0.74(mean = 0.56). Shannon’s information indexover the whole panel was relatively high(mean = 0.99). Compared with the He valueacross all accessions (mean = 0.56), the Ho

value was relatively low (mean = 0.10)suggesting certain degree of inbreeding ofthese materials.

Using a model-based approach ofSTRUCTURE, the population structure of1197 Citrullus accessions was analyzed.Fifty data sets were obtained by setting thenumber of possible clusters (K) from 1 to 10with five replications each. The LnP(D) valuefor each given K increased continuously, butdid not show an abrupt change; the optimal Kvalue could not be inferred (Fig. 1A). Butafter applying the Evanno’s correction method(Evanno et al., 2005), there was a clear peakof DK at K = 2, indicating two majorpopulations (Pop I and Pop II) in this panelof collections (Fig. 1B). Pop I contained

450 accessions, which predominantly be-longed to C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris (446)and a few (4) belonged toC. mucosospermus.Pop II comprised 465 accessions, 379belonged to C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris, andthe rest 86 accessions belonged to C. naudi-nianus (3), C. ecirrhosus (2), C. rehmii (2),C. colocynthis (11), C. amarus (58), and C.mucosospermus (10). The remaining 282accessions had membership probabilitieslower than 0.75 in any group and wereclassified into an admixture group, whichbelonged to C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris (271)and C. mucosospermus (11) (Table 1; Sup-plemental Table 1).The two main popula-tions, Pop I and Pop II, could be furthersubdivided into four subgroups. The DKvalues suggested K = 2 to both Pop I andPop II. Pop I was divided into two subgroups:Pop IA and Pop IB. Pop IA was consisted of238 accessions, a mix of American and EastAsian ecotypes from C. lanatus subsp. vul-garis. Pop IB had 101 accessions, all from C.lanatus subsp. vulgaris East Asian ecotype.Pop I admixture included 111 accessionsofC. lanatus subsp. vulgaris with membershipprobabilities less than 0.75 in any of the twogroups. Pop II was also classified into twosubgroups. Pop IIA was a typical C. lanatussubsp. vulgaris American ecotype panel andcontained 368 accessions, of which 357 wereof C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris, 7 of C. muco-sospermus, and 4 of C. amarus. Pop IIBcontained 71 accessions, which was a wildspecies mixed subgroup, with the accessionsbelonging to the six species, involving C.naudinianus (3), C. ecirrhosus (2), C. rehmii(2), C. colocynthis (9), C. amarus (51), C.lanatus subsp. vulgaris (4). Pop II admixturegroup was consisted 26 accessions, whichwere from C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris (18), C.colocynthis (2), C. amarus (3), and C. muco-sospermus (3) (Table 1; Fig. 2). Accessionsin the admixture group may have partialancestry in more than one background. Theyprobably had a complex history involvingintercrossing or perhaps resulting from thegene flow between taxa.

Overall, the population structure analysisidentified two main populations and foursubpopulations. Comparing Pop I and PopII, molecular variance analysis revealed thatonly 14.0% of the total genetic variation waspartitioned among groups, 70.0% withingroups and 16.0% within accessions. Analy-sis with subgroups revealed that 24.0% ofthe variations occurred between subgroupsand 60.0% within subgroups suggestingrelatively moderate differentiation amongsubgroups.

The pairwise Fst values can reveal ge-netic distance populations (Table 2). Itranged from 0.074 between Pop IA (Amer-ican and East Asian ecotype mixed) and PopIIA (American ecotype) to 0.341 betweenPop IB (East Asian ecotype) and Pop IIB(wild species mixed), suggesting that PopIB and Pop IIB groups had the highestdegree of differentiations, which was sup-ported with genetic diversity estimates (Ta-ble 3). When compared with othersubgroups, Pop IIB exhibited the highestaverage alleles per locus (5.64), H (0.56),and Ho (0.20) indicating highest geneticdiversity within this subgroup. In contrast,Pop IB exhibited the least diversity in termsof average alleles per locus (2.50), H (0.30),andHo (0.03). Since all accessions in Pop IBwere cultivated species, this result clearlyshowed the high degree of genetic differen-tiation between wild and cultivated Citrul-lus species, which is in agreement withprevious findings (Jarret et al., 1997;Joobeur et al., 2006; Levi et al., 2013;Mujaju et al., 2010).

It was interesting to note the distinctgenetic backgrounds between American andEast Asian ecotypes. The genetic parameterssuch as gene diversity, PIC, and heterozy-gosity were lowest in East Asian ecotypes(Pop IB), were higher in American and EastAsian ecotypes mixed (Pop IA), and highestin American ecotypes (Pop IIA). However,this observation was inconsistent from resultsobtained by Nimmakayala et al. (2014) whoplaced these two ecotypes into a single group.The discrepancy may be due to the differencein sampling sizes used by the two studies. Inour diversity panel, over 300 accessions werefrom China and the United Staes (Supple-mental Table 1) including several intermedi-ate types between East Asian types andAmerican types, whereas Nimmakayalaet al. (2014) used 130 cultivated forms ofwatermelon.

Among the three ecotypes of East Asian,American, American and East Asian ecotypemixed, the East Asian ecotype showed thenarrowest genetic base. One explanation forthis is the breeding effect. More breedingprograms in China focus on limited water-melon varieties as breeding parents, such as‘Charleston Gray’, ‘Jubilee’, ‘CrimsonSweet’, ‘Sugar Baby’, ‘Sugarlee’ etc., whichcaused the narrow genetic base.

Further clustering analysis of the 71accessions in Pop IIB resulted in a multi-branched dendrogram (Fig. 3). It displayedthree major clusters that represented the C.naudinianus group (black group, CXG,PI618817, and PI 671961), the C. colocynthisgroup (green color) that also included the twoC. rehmii accessions (Grif 16376 andPI632755, in pink color), C. amarus group(yellow color) including two accessions of C.ecirrhosus (PI632751 and Grif 16945, in bluecolor) and four accessions of C. lanatussubsp. vulgaris (PI 482288, PI505586, Sey-chelles and Colorado Preserving, in purplecolor) (Supplemental Table 1). From thedendrogram, it was clear that C. naudinianus

Table 2. Pairwise F statistics (Fst) estimates amongsubpopulations (Pop IA, Pop IB, Pop IIA. andPop IIB) using the POPGENE v1.32 software.

Population Pop IA Pop IB Pop IIA Pop IIB

Pop IA 0.000Pop IB 0.226 0.000Pop IIA 0.074 0.266 0.000Pop IIB 0.180 0.341 0.100 0.000

Table 3. Genetic diversity of the four subpopulations based on 23 SSR markers.

Major allelefrequency

Avg allelesper locus

Nei’s genediversity index (Nei)

Observedheterozygosity (Ho)

Polymorphisminformation content (PIC)

Total 0.55 6.05 0.56 0.10 0.49Pop I 0.64 3.77 0.45 0.03 0.36Pop IA 0.65 3.68 0.45 0.04 0.37Pop IB 0.78 2.50 0.30 0.03 0.26Pop II 0.56 6.00 0.57 0.18 0.51Pop IIA 0.62 4.73 0.50 0.14 0.43Pop IIB 0.60 5.64 0.56 0.20 0.52


(in black color) was distant from the otherspecies, while C. rehmii (pink color) showedgenetic similarity to the C. colocynthis group(green color) and C. ecirrhosus (blue color)was closer to the C. amarus group (yellowcolor). In Pop IIB population, the C. lanatussubsp. vulgaris group was composed of fouraccessions, which were phylogeneticallycloser to the C. amarus group than to the

C. colocynthis group. These results were largelyin agreement with the findings of Chomickiand Renner (2015) based on plastid andnuclear DNA data showing that the C. ama-rus and C. ecirrhosusmay belong to the samegroup, while C. naudinianuswas far from theother Citrullus species.

The phylogenetic relationships can alsobe reflected by the sexual compatibility in

interspecific hybridization. Several reportshave noted that crosses among the threeCitrullus species (C. lanatus, C. colocynthis,and C. ecirrhosus) produced viable F1 hy-brids while crosses between Praecitrullusfistulosus (2n = 2x = 24) and Citrullus speciesdid not yield fruits (Navot and Zamir, 1987).So far, there is practically no informationabout the magnitude of the gene flow amongspecies and accessions of Citrullus. Ourattempts to cross C. naudinianus with otherspecies were unsuccessful confirming that C.naudinianus is genetically distant from otherCitrullus species. Thus, it might be the timeto reconsider the sister species status of C.naudinianus with other species in Citrullus.

Construction of a core collection. Basedon morphological descriptors and randomselection, the USDA and Germplasm Re-sources Information Network had developed251 accessions as core set (<http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/>), and the 84 water-melon from the USDA core collection weanalyzed. In this study, SSR genotypic datawere used to construct a core set of 130 fromthe 1197 accessions by using the softwarePowerCore. These 130 accessions were fromseven Citrullus species, and 11 of them werepresent in the 84-accession core set desig-nated by the USDA. Although this coreset only accounted for 10.9% of the BVRCwatermelon collection, it had captured allalleles detected in the collection. The Nei’sgene diversity index (Nei = 0.65) and Shan-non’s information index (SW = 1.25) in thiscore set were higher than the original 1197set (H = 0.56; I = 0.99) or the USDA84-collection core set (H = 0.48; I = 0.92).The USDA core set included four accessionsfrom Pop I, 42 from Pop II, and 38 fromthe admixture group that were from threespecies: C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris (77),C. amarus (5), and C. mucosospermus(2), which seems skewed toward Pop II andthe admixture groups. In contrast, the core setwe constructed herein had a relatively morebalanced representation including 47 acces-sions from Pop I, 68 from Pop II, and 15 fromthe admixture group, which covered all seven

Fig. 3. A dendrogram of 71 accessions in Pop IIB, displays three major clusters. The groups representCitrullus naudinianus group [CXG, PI618817, and PI 671961 (black)], Citrullus colocynthis group(green) that also included the two Citrullus rehmii accessions [Grif 16376 and PI 632755 (pink)],Citrullus amarus group (yellow) that also includes the two accession of Citrullus ecirrhosus [PI632751 and Grif 16945 (blue)], and the four accession of Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris group [PI482288, PI 505586, Seychelles and Colorado Preserving (purple color)].

Fig. 4. Distribution of Nei’s gene diversity index (Nei) and Shannon’s information index (SW) among 23 SSRmarkers in the core set (C-Nei; C-SW) and the entirecollection (E-Nei; E-SW), compared with 84 American core set (AC-Nei; AC-SW). Nei’s gene diversity index and SWwere calculated using the POPGENEv1.32 software (Yeh et al., 1997). The entire collection included 1197 accessions, a core set of 130 accessions was developed from the entire collection, and 84watermelon from the U.S. Department of Agriculture core collection we analyzed.


species in Citrullus indicating greater geneticdiversity of the 130 core set (Fig. 4).

Liang et al. (2015) selected 55 applegenotypes as the core collection and notedthat, even though the core collection resultedin the most suitable based on the M-strategy,different subpopulations of the same size wasable to retain the same amount of geneticvariation. Since molecular markers arelargely neutral in selection, maximummarker allele diversity does not necessarilymean diversity for traits that are more usefulfor plant breeding. For this reason, additionalcriteria can be used for the definition of themost appropriate subset of accessions repre-sentative of the Citrullus germplasm, whichmay include phenotypic and resistance traits,as well as historical or economically impor-tant target traits. In our 130 line core collec-tion, accessions from C. naudinianus, C.ecirrhosus, and C. rehmii are underrepre-sented. Hence, future explorations in thesespecies can possibly add novel alleles fordisease resistances or abiotic stress toler-ances, which are important for watermelonbreeding.

In summary, the core set identified in thisstudy is very useful for watermelon breeders.It permits a better organization of the crop’sgene pool management, more efficient sam-pling of the available germplasm resources,and better access to useful genetic variationfor breeders.

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SupplementalTable1.Listofthe1197watermelonaccessionsusedin

thepresentstudy.T

hegroups

(PopIandPopII)andsubgroups(PopIA

,PopIB,PopIIA,andPopIIB)fortheseaccessionswerenotedas

wellas

the

accessionspecies.Oftheseaccessions,those

chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded

as‘‘Y’’.HybridsweredenotedwithF1.

No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.1

Zxjm

uCitrulluslanatussubsp.vulgaris

China

PopI

PopIB

No.2

Jx-1

(F1)

C.lanatussubsp.vulgaris

China

PopI

PopIB

No.3

98r


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.4

Zzjm


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.5

Jx-2

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.6

917


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.7

Jx-3

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.8

302


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.9

Hjx-4

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.10

Dzjm


China

PopI

PopIB

No.11

217


China

PopI

PopIA

No.12

Jx-5

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.13

Au-Sweet-Scarlet


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.14

Jx-6

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.15

Lumu


China

PopI

PopIB

No.16

K209


China

PopI

PopIB

No.17

357


China

PopI

PopIB

No.18

Jx-7-1

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.19

303


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.20

198


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.21

159bp


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.22

J102zg


China

Admixture

Admixture

No.23

Jx-8-1

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.24

Fengm

uC.lanatussubsp.vulgaris

China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.25

Shezt


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.26

K210


China

PopI

PopIB

No.27

09gsfengf


China

PopI

PopIB

No.28

Gf-1(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.29

T326


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.30

Gb(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.31

S948m-2


China

PopI

PopIB

No.32

S948f-2


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.33

T2


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.34

Yixuan


China

PopI

PopIB

No.35

Zaojia(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.36

Lwyixuan


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.37

Glzjia(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.38

C2


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.39

Sxing(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.40

Hx-1

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.41

Guim


China

PopI

PopIB

No.42

Guif


China

PopI

PopIB

No.43

Weilong(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.44

Xin102


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.45

Hpjx-1-Fb


China

PopI

PopIA

No.46

Hpjx-1

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.47

Zxcbairou


China

PopI

PopIB

No.48

Xiumu


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.49

Jingxiuf1


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.50

Wheimu


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.51

Wheifu


China

PopI

PopIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT

able1.(Continued)Listofthe1197watermelonaccessionsusedinthepresentstudy.T

hegroups



well

astheaccessionspecies.Oftheseaccessions,those

chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.52

Jingli(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.53

Lanfu


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

YNo.54

Jinglan(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.55

Tianhuang(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.56

T409


China

PopI

PopIA

No.57

T351


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.58

T409351


China

PopI

PopIA

No.59

Sd


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.60

Jinglin-1

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.61

Ming58


China

PopI

PopIA

No.62

505


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.63

Mofu


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.64

Shuangma4


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.65

Glwzjx-1

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.66

Heimi4


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.67

Zixuanhc


China

PopI

PopIA

No.68

Hcw

zi(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.69

Xin1(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.70

Glxin1hfb


China

PopI

PopIA

No.71

Glxin1h

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.72

Fengle1h(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.73

Fengkang8h(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.74

Heishuai

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.75

Jubao1h(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.76

Tianniu-1

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.77

Fengle5h(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.78

Aomi001(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.79

Domi001(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.80

Gxwz3h(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.81

Ydwuzi(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.82

Yuanshijf(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.83

Jiale(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.84

Jiam

i(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.85

Lilan

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.86

Qiuyan(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.87

Heimudan

(F1)


China

Admixture

Admixture

No.88

Heishuai-2

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.89

Lihua(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.90

Jhdgheimr(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.91

Milin

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.92

Xiawa(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.93

Xianguo(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.94

Lbjiaw

ang(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.95

Lbtianjia(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.96

Lb168(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.97

Lbdhmr(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.98

Dgcxiaoyu(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.99

Klcxiaoyu(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.100

Huanxin

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.101

Huanteng(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.102

Zgxheimr(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.103

Shubao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.104

Mgheiguan

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.105

Miguan

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.106

Huaguan

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.107

Yitezaohua(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.108

Yongf1hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.109

Xd-04


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.110

Zaoxing(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.111

Dtydgthmr(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.112

Biyu(F

1)


China

PopI

PopPopIA

No.113

Jinghui(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.114

Longyu(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.115

Tiaojiao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.116

Hn-001(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.117

Hn-002(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.118

Hn-003(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.119

Hn-005(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.120

Hn-006(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.121

Hn-011(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.122

Hn-012(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.123

Hn-013(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.124

Hn-014(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.125

Hn-015(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.126

Hn-016(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.127

Hn-019(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.128

Yy926w

z(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.129

Jinza18–1(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.130

W588(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.131

Dfjiaozi(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.132

Hau-2008(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.133

Jinyull(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.134

Meiyue(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.135

Qiongli(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.136

Meisnv(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.137

Jinlouw

z(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.138

Blzkuong(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.139

Jinlidu(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.140

Mitianxia

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.141

Julong(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.142

Ql2008(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.143

Wg2hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.144

Wg6hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.145

Zyoumhao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.146

Mengluts(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.147

Jxxigua(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.148

Tejia

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.149

Dalan

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.150

Yzleifen(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.151

Youxiu

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.152

8424w

z(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.153

8424w

z-Hz(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.154

Xxmeidou(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.155

Meifeng(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.156

Reilong(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.157

Jialan

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.158

Jintaiyang(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.159

Tunfeng

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.160

Xiaohuangling

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.161

Jingduanwuzi

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.162

Xiuhua(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.163

Xiunv

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.164

Hongyuhei

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.165

Meiling(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.166

Tianli(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.167

Xiali(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.168

Xiuya

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.169

Yuqili(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.170

Lvbao01(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.171

Lvbao02(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.172

Lvbao03(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.173

Lvbao04(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.174

Lvbao05(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.175

Lvbao06(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.176

Lvbao07(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.177

Lvbao08(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.178

Lvbao09(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.179

Lvbao10(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.180

Lvshen

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.181

Zaoshuxigua1hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.182

Zaoshuxigua2hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.183

Zaoshuxigua3hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.184

Zaoshuxigua4hao(F

1)


China

Admixture

Admixture

No.185

Zaoshuxigua5hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.186

Zaoshuxigua6hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.187

Zaoshuxigua7hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.188

Zaoshuxigua8hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.189

Zaoshuxigua9hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.190

Zaoshuxigua10hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.191

Zaoshuxigua11hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.192

Zaoshuxigua12hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.193

Zaoshuxigua13hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.194

Zhongshuxigua14hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.195

Zhongshuxigua16hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.196

Zhongshuxigua17hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.197

Wanshuxigua19hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.198

Wanshuxigua20hao

(F1)


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.199

Wanshuxigua21hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.200

Wanshuxigua22hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.201

Wanshuxigua23hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.202

Wanshuxigua24hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.203

Wanshuxigua25hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.204

Wanshuxigua26hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.205

H962(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.206

Hualiandghmren(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.207

Xinlan(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.208

Xinnongdghmren(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.209

Xinnonghmren(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.210

Yiqunlvmei

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.211

Beinong998(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.212

Heibao2hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.213

Heijuba(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.214

Shuli(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.215

Hongxiaoshuai

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.216

Jinpengyangguang(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.217

L-600(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.218

Beinonghongjie(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.219

BeinongjiN(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.220

Huangjin1hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.221

Zhenqi

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.222

Wmc8502(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.223

Wmc9702(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.224

Shuaitong(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.225

Rwt8207

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.226

Rwt8212

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.227

Xiaoheizi(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.228

Xiaolin(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.229

Heifeiqui(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.230

Lvmingzhu(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.231

Xindameiren(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.232

Shitelai564(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.233

Xinhei(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.234

Hongxiu1hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.235

Hongxiu2hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.236

Lds-1(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.237

Lds-2(F

1)


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.238

Linzi1hao-M

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.239

Linzi2hao-M

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.240

Lizi1/2hao-F


China

Admixture

Admixture

No.241

ZhongyuanAn


China

PopI

PopIA

No.242

Hpzhongyuan

An


China

PopI

PopIA

No.243

Daguoxin1hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.244

Fengguang(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.245

Xiaojinlin

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.246

Jinmeiren(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.247

Fengguang199(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.248

Qilinwang2hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.249

Xinxiaolan(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.250

Chunxiaolan(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.251

Aoliang(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.252

Yongjiam

eiren(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.253

W29-8


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.254

W39-1


China

PopI

PopIA

No.255

W39-2


China

PopI

PopIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.256

SS-1


China

PopI

PopIA

No.257

SS-2


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.258

SS-3


China

PopI

PopIB

No.259

SS-4


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.260

SS-5


China

PopI

PopIA

No.261

SS-6


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.262

Hongao106(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.263

Hongao5hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.264

Huabaowuzi

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.265

Quanfu7hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.266

Shijiteda(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.267

Jinza18–2(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.268

Hongdu

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.269

Xiaoyu7hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.270

Xiaoyu8hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.271

Xiaoyuhongwuzi

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.272

Xuefengxin1hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.273

Taiwanxin1hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.274

Tndgheimeiren(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.275

Jiyanf2-1

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.276

Jiyanf2-2

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.277

Jiyanf2-3

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.278

Xinjinlan

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.279

ZG-1


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.280

ZG-2


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.281

ZG-3


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.282

ZG-4


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.283

R6(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.284

R7(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.285

R10(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.286

R11(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.287

R12(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.288

R13(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.289

R18(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.290

X1(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.291

X2(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.292

X3(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.293

X6(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.294

X7(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.295

X8(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.296

Reyanxiangxiu

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.297

Reyanbaofeng(F

1)


China

Admixture

Admixture

No.298

Chenglan(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.299

Wm435(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.300

Wm436(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.301

Wm437(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.302

Meixianzi

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.303

Huaxianzi

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.304

Qilinxianzi

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.305

Zhengdaqilin

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.306

Luqingaokang3hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.307

Shangdao1hao

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.308

Ksu-430(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.309

Xiaotianzi

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.310

Qinhong208(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.311

Xinongxinli(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.312

Hongshuangxi(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.313

Heiganlan(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.314

Jinghua5h(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.315

Jinghua6h(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.316

Jinghua7h(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.317

Jinghua8h(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.318

Jinghua9h(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.319

Chenlong3hao(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.320

W09-2

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.321

W09-3

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.322

W09-5

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.323

W09-6

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.324

W09-7

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.325

W09-8

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.326

W09-9

(F1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.327

W09-10(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.328

W09-11(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.329

Heshanbaohua(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.330

Heshanlihua(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.331

Lukanglong(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIA

No.332

Zaojia(84-24)(F

1)


China

PopI

PopIB

No.333

Fengfu


China

PopI

PopIB

No.334

182


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.335

Arikora


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.336

Au-produce


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.337

Big

Crimson


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.338

Black

Boy


United

States

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.339

Yellow

belly

Black

Diamond


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.340

Blacklee


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.341

Black

Stone


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.342

Blue(Rind)Watermelon


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.343

BuwellsGray


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.344

Festival(F

1)


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.345

Garrison


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.346

GeorigaRattleSnake


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.347

Golden


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.348

Golden

Honey


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.349

Golden

Honey

Cream


United

States

PopI

PopIB

No.350

Golden

Honey

SweetRind


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.351

GrayStone


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.352

Honey

Red


United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.353

HopeDiamond


United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.354

HoYellowFlesh


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.355

HoRed

Flesh


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.356

King&

Queen


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.357

KlondikeStriped


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.358

KlondikeWR3


United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.359

Legacy


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.360

Mickylee


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.361

NavajoSweet


United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.362

NCYellowLaryStr


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.363

Calsw

eet


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.364

CelebrationAllSweetType(F

1)


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.365

Cham

pOn#2


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.366

ChileenBlack


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.367

ChubbyGray


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.368

Chris-Cross


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.369

CletexxSpotted


United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.370

CobbGem


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.371

ColesEarly

2C.lanatussubsp.vulgaris

United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.372

Green

Saskat


United

States

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.373

CrimsonTide(F

1)


United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.374

DelicionsBig

Sugar


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.375

Dixie

Lee


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.376

Dixie

Qween


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.377

Dunbarton


United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.378

Early

Canada


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.379

Early

NorthernSweet


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.380

Northern

Sweet


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.381

Peacoch

Shipper


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.382

Perola


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.383

Cnic


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.384

Princeton


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.385

RhodeIslandRed


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.386

StoneMoontain


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.387

Sugar

Baby


United

States

PopI

PopIA

YNo.388

Sunshadc(02.Sem

inis)


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.389

Summer

Gold


United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.390

TastiGold


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.391

Tender

Gold


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.392

Terder

SweetQranfe

Flesh


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.393

Texas

Wheeler


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.394

Torn

Watson


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.395

Wato


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.396

Yellow

Crimson


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.397

Yellow

Shipper


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.398

Royal

Flesh


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.399

H-19(98rd)


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.400

Klondike


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.401

Summit


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.402

AngelinoBlack

Seed


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.403

PeerlessIceCream


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.404

Moon

andStars


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.405

Hankes

Bury


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.406

ParkGreen


United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.407

Grif1730


South

Korea

Admixture

Admixture

No.408

Grif1731


China

PopII

PopIIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.409

PI161373


China

Admixture

Admixture

No.410

Grif1732


China

Admixture

Admixture

No.411

Grif5596


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.412

Grif5597


India

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.413

Grif5598


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.414

Grif12336


China

Admixture

Admixture

No.415

PI163204


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.416

PI163205


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.417

PI164247


Liberia

PopII

PopIIA

No.418

PI164474


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.419

PI164570


India

PopI

PopIA

No.420

PI164636


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.421

PI164685


India

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.422

PI164687

C.mucosospermus

India

PopI

PopIA

YNo.423

PI164804


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.424

PI164992


Turkey

PopI

PopIA

No.425

PI165002


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.426

PI165024


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.427

PI165448


Mexico

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.428

PI166993


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.429

PI167026


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.430

PI167045


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.431

PI167124


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.432

PI167126


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.433

PI167222


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.434

PI169233


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.435

PI169235


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.436

PI169236


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.437

PI169237


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.438

PI169239


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.439

PI169243


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.440

PI169244


Turkey

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.441

PI169245


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.442

PI169246


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.443

PI169247


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.444

PI169249


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.445

PI169251


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.446

PI169254


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.447

PI169255


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.448

PI169256


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.449

PI169257


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.450

PI169259


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.451

PI169260


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.452

PI169262


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.453

PI169264


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.454

PI169265


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.455

PI169267


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.456

PI169268


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.457

PI169269


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.458

PI169271


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.459

PI169275


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.460

PI169276


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.461

PI169280


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.462

PI169287


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.463

PI169288


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.464

PI169293


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.465

PI169295


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.466

PI169297


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.467

PI169300


Turkey

PopI

PopIA

YNo.468

PI171580


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.469

PI171581


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.470

PI171582


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.471

PI171584


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.472

PI172788


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.473

PI172789


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.474

PI172790


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.475

PI172796


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.476

PI172800


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.477

PI172801


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.478

PI172803


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.479

PI172804


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.480

PI172805


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.481

PI173669


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.482

PI173888


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.483

PI174099


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.484

PI174101


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.485

PI174103


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.486

PI174105


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.487

PI174109


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.488

PI175651


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.489

PI175661


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.490

PI175662


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.491

PI175664


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.492

PI176485


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.493

PI176486


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.494

PI176487


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.495

PI176489


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.496

PI176492


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.497

PI176494


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.498

PI176497


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.499

PI176906


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.500

PI176908


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.501

PI176909


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.502

PI176911


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.503

PI176916


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.504

PI176919


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.505

PI176921


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.506

PI176922


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.507

PI177325


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.508

PI177327


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.509

PI178872


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.510

PI178873


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.511

PI178876


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.512

PI179232


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.513

PI179235


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.514

PI179236


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.515

PI179241


Iraq

Admixture

Admixture

No.516

PI179242


Iraq

Admixture

Admixture

No.517

PI179878

C.mucosospermus

India

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.518

PI179879


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.519

PI179880


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.520

PI179882


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.521

PI179884


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.522

PI179886


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.523

PI180276


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.524

PI180277


India

PopI

PopIA

No.525

PI180278


India

PopI

PopIA

No.526

PI180426


India

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.527

PI180427


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.528

PI181740


Lebanon

Admixture

Admixture

No.529

PI181742


Lebanon

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.530

PI181936


Syria

PopII

PopIIA

No.531

PI182176


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.532

PI182179


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.533

PI182933


India

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.534

PI182935


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.535

PI183023


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.536

PI183123


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.537

PI183124


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.538

PI183299


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.539

PI183398


India

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.540

PI185636


Ghana

PopII

PopIIA

No.541

PI188808


Philippines

PopII

PopIIA

No.542

PI189225

C.amarus

Zaire

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.543

PI193963


Ethiopia

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.544

PI193964


Ethiopia

Admixture

Admixture

No.545

PI193965


Ethiopia

Admixture

Admixture

No.546

PI195771


Guatem

ala

PopII

PopIIA

No.547

PI195928


Ethiopia

Admixture

Admixture

No.548

PI207471


Afghanistan

Admixture

Admixture

No.549

PI212208


Greece

PopII

PopIIA

No.550

PI212983


India

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.551

PI214044


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.552

PI214316


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.553

PI226634


Iran

Admixture

Admixture

No.554

PI229749


Iran

Admixture

Admixture

No.555

PI229806


Japan

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.556

PI234603


New

Zealand

PopII

PopIIadmixed

YY

No.557

PI246559


Senegal

Admixture

Admixture

No.558

PI253174


Serbia

Admixture

Admixture

No.559

PI254428


Lebanon

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.560

PI254622


Sudan

Admixture

Admixture

No.561

PI254736


Senegal

PopII

PopIIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.562

PI254740


Senegal

PopII

PopIIA

YY

No.563

PI254741


Senegal

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.564

PI255662


Afghanistan

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.565

PI266028


Venezuela

Admixture

Admixture

No.566

PI269465


Pakistan

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.567

PI269466


Pakistan

Admixture

Admixture

No.568

PI269676


Belize

Admixture

Admixture

No.569

PI269679


Belize

Admixture

Admixture

No.570

PI269680


Belize

Admixture

Admixture

No.571

PI270141


India

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.572

PI270143


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.573

PI270144

C.mucosospermus

Greece

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.574

PI270145


Greece

PopII

PopIIA

No.575

PI270309


Philippines

Admixture

Admixture

No.576

PI270524


Israel

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.577

PI270545


Sudan

PopI

PopIA

YY

No.578

PI270546


Ghana

Admixture

Admixture

No.579

PI270548


Ghana

Admixture

Admixture

No.580

PI271747


Afghanistan

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.581

PI271750


Ghana

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.582

PI271751


Ghana

PopI

PopIA

No.583

PI271773

C.amarus

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.584

PI271775

C.amarus

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.585

PI271776


South

Africa

Admixture

Admixture

No.586

PI271985


Somalia

Admixture

Admixture

No.587

PI273479


Ethiopia

PopI

PopIA

YY

No.588

PI273481


Ethiopia

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.589

PI274795


Pakistan

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.590

PI275628


Pakistan

Admixture

Admixture

No.591

PI277974


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.592

PI277975


Turkey

PopI

PopIA

No.593

PI277976


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.594

PI278012


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

No.595

PI278020


Turkey

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.596

PI278023


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.597

PI278032


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.598

PI278046


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.599

PI278048


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.600

PI279461


Japan

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.601

PI288317


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.602

PI295850

C.amarus

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.603

PI296337

C.amarus

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.604

PI296342

C.amarus

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

No.605

PI296343

C.amarus

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

No.606

PI299378

C.amarus

Canada

PopII

PopIIB

No.607

PI307748


Philippines

Admixture

Admixture

No.608

PI314236


Uzbekistan

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.609

PI344298


Turkey

Admixture

Admixture

No.610

PI357661


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.611

PI357684


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.612

PI357685


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopI

PopIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.613

PI357690


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.614

PI357691


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.615

PI357696


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.616

PI357720


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.617

PI357721


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.618

PI357724


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.619

PI357727


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.620

PI357731


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopI

PopIA

No.621

PI357733


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.622

PI357734


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.623

PI357736


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.624

PI368497


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.625

PI368500


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.626

PI368501


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.627

PI368502


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.628

PI368509


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.629

PI368523


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.630

PI368527


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopI

PopIA

No.631

PI368528


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.632

PI368530


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.633

PI370426


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIA

No.634

PI370428


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.635

PI370430


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.636

PI370434


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.637

PI378611


Zaire

PopI

PopIA

No.638

PI378615


Zaire

Admixture

Admixture

No.639

PI378617


Zaire

PopI

PopIA

No.640

PI379223


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIA

No.641

PI379226


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIA

No.642

PI379227


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIA

No.643

PI379229


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.644

PI379231


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.645

PI379234


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopI

PopIA

No.646

PI379238


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIA

No.647

PI379239


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIA

No.648

PI379240


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.649

PI379241


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIA

No.650

PI379243

C.amarus

Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIB

No.651

PI379245


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.652

PI379248


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

No.653

PI379249


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.654

PI379254


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIA

No.655

PI379255


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

PopII

PopIIA

No.656

PI379256


Form

erSerbia

andMontenegro

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.657

PI381694


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.658

PI381699


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.659

PI381700


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.660

PI381701


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.661

PI381704


India

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.662

PI381705


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.663

PI381707


India

PopII

PopIIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.664

PI381709


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.665

PI381711


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.666

PI381715


India

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.667

PI381716


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.668

PI381719


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.669

PI381721


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.670

PI381725


India

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.671

PI381728


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.672

PI381733


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.673

PI381737


India

PopII

PopIIA

No.674

PI381740


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.675

PI381741


India

Admixture

Admixture

No.676

PI392291


Kenya

PopI

PopIA

YY

No.677

PI418762


Afghanistan

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.678

PI431579


India

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.679

PI435085


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.680

PI435991


China

PopI

PopIA

YY

No.681

PI438671


Mexico

Admixture

Admixture

No.682

PI438673


Mexico

PopII

PopIIA

No.683

PI438674


Mexico

Admixture

Admixture

No.684

PI438677


Mexico

PopII

PopIIA

No.685

PI458738


Paraguay

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.686

PI458739


Paraguay

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.687

PI464872


China

PopI

PopIA

No.688

PI470248


Indonesia

PopII

PopIIA

No.689

PI476324


Form

erSovietUnion

Admixture

Admixture

No.690

PI476325


Form

erSovietUnion

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.691

PI476326


Form

erSovietUnion

PopII

PopIIA

No.692

PI476327


Form

erSovietUnion

Admixture

Admixture

No.693

PI476328


Form

erSovietUnion

Admixture

Admixture

No.694

PI476329


Form

erSovietUnion

PopI

PopIA

No.695

PI476330


Form

erSovietUnion

Admixture

Admixture

No.696

PI481871


Sudan

Admixture

Admixture

No.697

PI482273

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.698

PI482247


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.699

PI482249


Zim

babwe

Admixture

Admixture

No.700

PI482250


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.701

PI482251


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.702

PI482252

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.703

PI482255

C.mucosospermus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIadmixed

YNo.704

PI482257

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.705

PI482261

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.706

PI482260


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.707

PI482262


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.708

PI482263


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.709

PI482264


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.710

PI482267


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.711

PI482269


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.712

PI482272


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.713

PI482277

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.714

PI482278


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.715

PI482279

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.716

PI482280


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.717

PI482281


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.718

PI482285


Zim

babwe

Admixture

Admixture

No.719

PI482286

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.720

PI482288


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.721

PI482290


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.722

PI482291


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.723

PI482292


Zim

babwe

Admixture

Admixture

No.724

PI482293

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.725

PI482298

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.726

PI482299

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.727

PI482301

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.728

PI482303

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.729

PI482304


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.730

PI482305


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.731

PI482306


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.732

PI482307

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.733

PI482308

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.734

PI482309

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.735

PI482311

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.736

PI482314


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.737

PI482315

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.738

PI482316

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.739

PI482317


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.740

PI482319

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.741

PI482321

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.742

PI482323


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.743

PI482324

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.744

PI482327


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.745

PI482328


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.746

PI482331

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.747

PI482335

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.748

PI482337


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.749

PI482339


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.750

PI482340


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.751

PI482343


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.752

PI482344


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.753

PI482345


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.754

PI482346


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.755

PI482349


Zim

babwe

Admixture

Admixture

No.756

PI482357


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.757

PI482374


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.758

PI482378

C.mucosospermus

Zim

babwe

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.759

PI487458


Venezuela

Admixture

Admixture

No.760

PI487459


Venezuela

Admixture

Admixture

No.761

PI490375


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.762

PI490377


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.763

PI490378


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

No.764

PI491265


Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.765

PI494527


Nigeria

PopII

PopIIA

Y

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.766

PI494530


Nigeria

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.767

PI494815


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.768

PI494816


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.769

PI494819


Zam

bia

Admixture

Admixture

No.770

PI494821


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.771

PI500302


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.772

PI500305


Zam

bia

Admixture

Admixture

No.773

PI500306


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.774

PI500307


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.775

PI500309


Zam

bia

Admixture

Admixture

No.776

PI500310


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.777

PI500311


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.778

PI500312


Zam

bia

Admixture

Admixture

No.779

PI500314


Zam

bia

Admixture

Admixture

No.780

PI500316


Zam

bia

Admixture

Admixture

No.781

PI500317


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.782

PI500318


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.783

PI500321


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.784

PI500324


Zam

bia

Admixture

Admixture

No.785

PI500327


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.786

PI500331

C.amarus

Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIB

No.787

PI500332

C.amarus

Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.788

PI500336


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.789

PI500338


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.790

PI500341


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.791

PI500344


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.792

PI500345


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.793

PI500352


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.794

PI500353


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.795

PI502315


Ukraine

Admixture

Admixture

No.796

PI502316


Uzbekistan

PopII

PopIIA

No.797

PI502318


Uzbekistan

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.798

PI502319


Uzbekistan

Admixture

Admixture

No.799

PI505586


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.800

PI505587


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.801

PI505588


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.802

PI505589


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.803

PI505591


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.804

PI505592


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.805

PI505593


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.806

PI505594


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

No.807

PI505595


Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.808

PI505604

C.amarus

Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.809

PI507858


Hungary

PopI

PopIA

No.810

PI507862


Hungary

PopII

PopIIA

No.811

PI507863


Hungary

PopII

PopIIA

No.812

PI507864


Hungary

PopII

PopIIA

No.813

PI507865


Hungary

PopII

PopIIA

No.814

PI507866


Hungary

PopII

PopIIA

No.815

PI507867


Hungary

Admixture

Admixture

No.816

PI507868


Hungary

PopII

PopIIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.817

PI507869


Hungary

PopI

PopIA

No.818

PI508441


South

Korea

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.819

PI508442


South

Korea

Admixture

Admixture

No.820

PI508443


South

Korea

Admixture

Admixture

No.821

PI508444


South

Korea

PopI

PopIA

YNo.822

PI508445


South

Korea

Admixture

Admixture

No.823

PI508446


South

Korea

Admixture

Admixture

No.824

PI512332


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.825

PI512339


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.826

PI512340


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.827

PI512341


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.828

PI512342


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.829

PI512343


Spain

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.830

PI512348


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.831

PI512349


Spain

PopI

PopIA

No.832

PI512351


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.833

PI512352


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.834

PI512353


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.835

PI512356


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.836

PI512359


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.837

PI512362


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.838

PI512364


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.839

PI512366


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.840

PI512368


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.841

PI512369


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.842

PI512370


Spain

PopI

PopIA

No.843

PI512376


Spain

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.844

PI512378


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.845

PI512379


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.846

PI512381


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.847

PI512382


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.848

PI512383


Spain

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.849

PI512384


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.850

PI512385

C.amarus

Spain

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.851

PI512386


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.852

PI512389


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.853

PI512391


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.854

PI512392


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.855

PI512395


Spain

PopI

PopIA

YNo.856

PI512396


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.857

PI512397


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.858

PI512398


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.859

PI512400


Spain

PopI

PopIA

No.860

PI512401


Spain

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.861

PI512402


Spain

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.862

PI512403


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.863

PI512404


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.864

PI512405


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

YY

No.865

PI512828


Spain

PopII

PopIIA

No.866

PI518606


RussianFederation

Admixture

Admixture

No.867

PI518611


Form

erSovietUnion

Admixture

Admixture

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.868

PI519612


Chile

Admixture

Admixture

No.869

PI525084

C.mucosospermus

Egypt

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.870

PI525087


Egypt

Admixture

Admixture

No.871

PI525088


Egypt

Admixture

Admixture

No.872

PI525090


Egypt

Admixture

Admixture

No.873

PI525091


Egypt

PopI

PopIA

No.874

PI525094


Egypt

Admixture

Admixture

No.875

PI525096


Egypt

Admixture

Admixture

No.876

PI525097


Egypt

PopII

PopIIA

No.877

PI525098


Egypt

Admixture

Admixture

No.878

PI525099


Egypt

Admixture

Admixture

No.879

PI532659

C.amarus

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

No.880

PI534586


Syria

PopII

PopIIA

No.881

PI534587


Syria

PopII

PopIIA

No.882

PI534588


Syria

Admixture

Admixture

No.883

PI534589


Syria

Admixture

Admixture

No.884

PI534591


Syria

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.885

PI534592


Syria

Admixture

Admixture

No.886

PI534593


Syria

PopII

PopIIA

No.887

PI534595


Syria

PopII

PopIIA

No.888

PI534596


Syria

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.889

PI534597


Syria

Admixture

Admixture

No.890

PI536451


Maldives

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.891

PI536452


Maldives

PopI

PopIA

No.892

PI536453


Maldives

PopI

PopIA

No.893

PI536457


Maldives

PopI

PopIA

No.894

PI536458


Maldives

PopI

PopIA

No.895

PI536459


Maldives

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.896

PI536460


Maldives

PopI

PopIA

No.897

PI536462


Maldives

PopI

PopIA

No.898

PI536464


Maldives

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.899

PI537265


Pakistan

PopII

PopIIA

No.900

PI537270


Pakistan

Admixture

Admixture

No.901

PI537273


Pakistan

PopII

PopIIA

No.902

PI537467


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.903

PI537470


Spain

Admixture

Admixture

No.904

PI542617


Algeria

PopII

PopIIA

YY

No.905

PI543212


Bolivia

PopI

PopIA

No.906

PI559992


Nigeria

PopII

PopIIA

No.907

PI559999


Nigeria

PopII

PopIIA

No.908

PI561138


Kazakhstan

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.909

PI595201


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.910

BVCIT

44

C.lanatussubsp.Vulgaris

Jugoslaw

ien

Admixture

Admixture

No.911

BurpeesFordhookEarly


unbekannt

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.912

BVCIT

53


Ukraine

PopII

PopIIA

No.913

BVCIT

66


Italien

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.914

BVCIT

68


Italien

PopII

PopIIA

No.915

BVCIT

69


Italien

PopII

PopIIA

No.916

M.P.deBulgarie


unbekannt

PopII

PopIIA

No.917

Mozaicnyj


RuÞland

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.918

Arcarski


Bulgarien

PopII

PopIIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.919

ArcarskaPodobrena


Bulgarien

PopII

PopIIA

No.920

Sibirjak


RuÞland

PopII

PopIIA

No.921

Giza1


€ Agypten

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.922

BVCIT

167

C.amarus

KoreanischeDVR

PopII

PopIIB

No.923

BVCIT

183


Mongolei

PopII

PopIIA

No.924

NavajoRed

Flesh


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.925

L-5


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.926

SettleNo.2


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.927

Spotted

Watson


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.928

Black

DiamondYellowBelly


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.929

ChrisCross


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.930

Odham

Yellow


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.931

Lopride


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.932

BVCIT

303


T€ urkei

PopII

PopIIA

No.933

BVCIT

304


T€ urkei

PopII

PopIIA

No.934

BVCIT

306


Portugal

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.935

Seychelles


S€ ud

afrika

PopII

PopIIB

No.936

BVCIT

315


Portugal

PopII

PopIIA

No.937

BVCIT

11

C.amarus

unbekannt

PopII

PopIIB

No.938

Brodskij

C.amarus

RuÞland

PopII

PopIIB

No.939

BVCIT

91

C.amarus

unbekannt

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.940

CAPRIV

IC.amarus

S€ ud

afrika

PopII

PopIIB

No.941

WildTasmma

C.amarus

S€ ud

afrika

PopII

PopIIB

No.942

Saldanha


S€ ud

afrika

Admixture

Admixture

No.943

BVCIT

149

C.amarus

Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIB

No.944

HoRed


unbekannt

PopII

PopIIA

No.945

Market

Midget


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.946

BVCIT

58

C.amarus

unbekannt

PopII

PopIIB

No.947

BVCIT

79

C.amarus

unbekannt

PopII

PopIIB

No.948

BVCIT

84

C.amarus

unbekannt

PopII

PopIIB

No.949

BVCIT

92

C.amarus

unbekannt

PopII

PopIIB

No.950

Azovskij

C.amarus

Ukraine

PopII

PopIIB

No.951

BVCIT

162

C.amarus

Libyen

PopII

PopIIB

No.952

Bibete

C.amarus

Kongo

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.953

Parbuz(tadz.)


Tadshikistan

PopII

PopIIA

No.954

Black

Seeded

No.1


T€ urkei

PopII

PopIIA

No.955

Tan

Seeded


T€ urkei

PopII

PopIIA

No.956

Malali


Israel

PopII

PopIIA

No.957

NavajoRed

Seeded


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.958

Xinmofu


China

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.959

Hong1hao


China

PopI

PopIB

No.960

Wuchazao


China

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.961

Zaohua


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.962

K7


China

PopI

PopIA

No.963

Sanbai


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.964

Xinbai91-2


China

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.965

Heibenjin


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.966

Du1hao


China

PopI

PopIB

No.967

Guiyin6hao


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.968

Yinv


China

PopI

PopIB

No.969

Changhui


China

PopII

PopIIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.970

Kelunsheng


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.971

Zhengz96b90


China

PopI

PopIA

No.972

Zhongyu10hao


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.973

2000-S52


China

PopI

PopIB

No.974

Mibao-X


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.975

Heimrxuanxi-X


China

PopI

PopIA

No.976

Tomato-Seed-X


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.977

2000-203


China

PopI

PopIA

No.978

Japduanman


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.979

BV783


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.980

BV784


China

Admixture

Admixture

No.981

BV785


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.982

BV786


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.983

BV796


China

Admixture

Admixture

No.984

BV797


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.985

BV728


China

PopI

PopIB

No.986

BV729


China

PopI

PopIB

No.987

BV761


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.988

BV731


China

PopI

PopIB

No.989

BV735


China

PopI

PopIB

No.990

BV736


China

PopI

PopIB

No.991

BV740


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.992

BV742


China

PopI

PopIB

No.993

BV748


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.994

BV776


China

PopI

PopIA

No.995

Tom

Watson


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.996

Florida

Giant


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.997

Kleckley’sSweet


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.998

KlondikeBlueRibbon

Stripe


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.999

Mountain

Hoosier


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1000

CharlestonGrayNo.133


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1001

Early

CrimsonTreat


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1002

Will’sSugar


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1003

Greybelle


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1004

OrangeFlesh

Tendersw

eet


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1005

Yellow

DesertKing


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1006

Grif16376

C.rehmii

France

PopII

PopIIB

No.1007

PI632751

C.ecirrhosusCogn

United

States

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1008

PI195927

C.colocynthis

Ethiopia

PopII

PopIIadmixed

YNo.1009

PI220778

C.colocynthis

Ethiopia

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1010

PI386024

C.colocynthis

Iran

PopII

PopIIadmixed

YNo.1011

PI432337

C.colocynthis

Cyprus

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1012

PI537300

C.colocynthis

Turkmenistan

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1013

PI525082

C.colocynthis

Egypt

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1014

PI652554

C.colocynthis

India

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1015

SkorospelkaChar’K

ovskaja

C.lanatussubsp.Vulgaris

Cyprus

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1016

MramornaNr.17


United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.1017

BVCIT

146


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1018

San

Juan

Pueblo

Mixed


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1019

Habhab

Ham

raC.lanatussubsp.vulgaris

United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1020

PI482246

C.amarus

United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.1021

PI186975

C.mucosospermus

Ghana

PopII

PopIIA

No.1022

PI559993

C.mucosospermus

United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.1023

PI559995

C.mucosospermus

United

States

PopII

PopIIadmixed

No.1024

BVV42

C.mucosospermus

China

PopI

PopIA

No.1025

BVV43

C.mucosospermus

China

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.1026

BVV44

C.mucosospermus

China

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.1027

BVV45

C.mucosospermus

China

Admixture

Admixture

No.1028

BVV46

C.mucosospermus

China

PopI

PopIA

No.1029

K39


China

PopI

PopIB

No.1030

KWS-K


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1031

L600L-L600


China

PopI

PopIB

No.1032

ZRY


China

PopI

PopIB

No.1033

L600Y-L600


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1034

KP-K


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1035

KLL-K


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1036

K509


China

PopI

PopIA

No.1037

DXBY-5


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.1038

TS409


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.1039

KH-K


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1040

HPF


China

PopI

PopIA

No.1041

YH


China

PopI

PopIA

No.1042

KH3-1


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1043

GK5F


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.1044

JC5F


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.1045

GLX1F


China

PopI

PopIA

No.1046

ArkaManik


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1047

WDM


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.1048

TDM


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1049

Criom

Sweet


China

PopII

PopIIA

No.1050

Jingxue


China

PopI

PopIB

No.1051

Meigbairoui


China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.1052

CYM


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1053

BW


China

PopI

PopIA

No.1054

SP5

C.mucosospermus

China

PopI

PopIA

YNo.1055

YDKBFEN


China

PopI

PopIA

No.1056

SL3

C.mucosospermus

China

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.1057

AZKZW

C.mucosospermus

China

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.1058

AliBaba


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1059

ArkansasBlack


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1060

Au-G

olden

Producer


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1061

Au-Jubilant


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1062

BabyKlondike


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1063

Black

DiamondYellowBelly

Strain


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1064

Black

DiamondYellowFlesh


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1065

Black

Seeded

IceCream


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1066

BlacktailMountain


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1067

BlueRind


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1068

Bush

CharlestonGray


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1069

Bush

Jubilee


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1070

Calhoun

Sweet


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1071

Carolina

Cross


United

States

PopI

PopIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.1072

Charlee


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1073

Charleston76


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1074

CharlestonElite


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1075

CharlestonGray


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1076

Chelsea


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1077

ColesEarly


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1078

ColoradoPreserving


United

States

PopII

PopIIB

No.1079

Congo


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1080

CrimsonDiamond


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1081

Cutter

55


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1082

Daisy

OrYellowShipper


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1083

DesertKing


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1084

Domek


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1085

Eureka


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1086

Fairfax


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1087

Fairfax

WiltResistant


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1088

Florida

Favorite


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1089

Georgia

Rattlesnake


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1090

Golden

Midget


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1091

Golden

Russian


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1092

Graybelle


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1093

HalbertHoney


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1094

Haw

kesburyWiltResistant


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1095

IrishGrey


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1096

Ironsides


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1097

JapaneseCream

Fleshed

Suika


United

States

PopI

PopIB

No.1098

Jimmy


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1099

Jubilee


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1100

Juliett


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1101

Kengarden


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1102

KleckleySweet,BurrellsIm

proved


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1103

KlondikeBlack

Seeded


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1104

KlondikeBlueRibbon

Striped


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1105

KlondikeR7


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1106

Kolb’s

Gem

OrAmerican

Cham

On


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1107

Ledmon


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1108

Leesburg


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1109

Lisa


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1110

LongCrimson


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1111

LongMilkyWay


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1112

LouisianaQueen


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1113

LouisianaSweet


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1114

Market

Wonder


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1115

Melitopolski


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1116

MerrimackSweetheart


United

States

PopI

PopIB

No.1117

Miles


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1118

Minilee


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1119

MissouriHeirloom

YellowFlesh


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1120

Mountain

Sweet


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1121

Mountain

SweetYellow


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1122

New

Ham

pshireMidget


United

States

PopI

PopIA

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.1123

Orangeglo


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1124

Osh

Kirgizia


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1125

Peacock

Improved

Shipper


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1126

Peacock

Striped


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1127

Peacock

Wr-50


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1128

PurdueHaw

kesberry


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1129

Royal

Golden


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1130

Scaly

Bark


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1131

Shipper


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1132

SmallShiningLight


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1133

Smokylee


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1134

Spalding


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1135

StoneMountain


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1136

Sugar

Bush


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1137

Summer

field


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1138

SunGold


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1139

Sunshade


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1140

Sunsugar


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1141

Super

Sweet


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1142

SweetPrincess


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1143

SweetSiberian


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1144

SweetTreat


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1145

TakiiGem


United

States

PopI

PopIadmixed

No.1146

Tastigold


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

No.1147

Texas

Golden


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1148

Thai

Rom

Dao


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1149

Verona


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1150

WhiteHope


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1151

WhiteSeeded

Watson


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1152

WhiteSugar

Lump


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1153

WhiteWonder


United

States

PopI

PopIA

No.1154

Will’sSugar


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1155

PI635686


United

States

Admixture

Admixture

No.1156

CXG

Citrullusnaudinianus

China

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1157

GR25


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1158

GR36


China

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.1159

GR63


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1160

GR88


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1161

ZG80


China

Admixture

Admixture

YNo.1162

ZG85


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1163

PI549161

C.colocynthis

Chad

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1164

PI632755

C.rehmii

Sleigh

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1165

F10


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1166

PI386015

C.colocynthis

Iran

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1167

PI388770

C.colocynthis

Morocco

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1168

14S361

C.mucosospermus

China

Admixture

Admixture

No.1169

14S512

C.mucosospermus

China

Admixture

Admixture

No.1170

PI189316


Nigeria

PopII

PopIIA

No.1171

PI482312

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.1172

PI482259

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

No.1173

97103


China

PopI

PopIB

Y

(Continued

onnextpage)


SupplementalT


hegroups



well


chosenas

thecore

setandAmerican

core

setwererecorded


No.

Nam

eofline(F

1)

Species

Accessionorigin

Groupassignment

Subgroupassignment

Coreset

American

core

set

No.1174

RZ-900


Netherlands

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1175

RZ-901


Netherlands

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1176

Sugarlee


China

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1177

JX-2


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1178

JLM


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1179

JXF


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1180

XHBFGM


China

PopI

PopIB

YNo.1181

Calhoun

Gray


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1182

Black

Diamond


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1183

PI296341-FR

C.amarus

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

YY

No.1184

PI595203

C.mucosospermus

Nigeria

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1185

PI386019

C.colocynthis

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1186

PI482271

C.mucosospermus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1187

PI482303

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1188

PI482276

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1189

SY-904304


United

States

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1190

PI249010

C.mucosospermus

Nigeria

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1191

PI248178

C.mucosospermus

Zaire

PopII

PopIIA

YNo.1192

PI189317

C.mucosospermus

Nigeria

PopII

PopIIA

YY

No.1193

PI500301

C.mucosospermus

Zam

bia

PopII

PopIIA

YY

No.1194

PI482326

C.amarus

Zim

babwe

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1195

PI618817

C.naudinianus

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1196

PI671961

C.naudinianus

South

Africa

PopII

PopIIB

YNo.1197

Grif16945

C.ecirrhosusCogn

United

States

PopII

PopIIB

Y


Supplemental Table 2. List of the 130 accessions of the core collection. This core set was able to capture all 133 alleles detected by 23 SSRs in 1197 accessions.

No. Accession name Species Accession origin

No.1 98r Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.2 Zzjm C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.3 917 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.4 302 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.5 Au-Sweet-Scarlet C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.6 Shezt C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.7 T2 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.8 C2 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.9 Xin102 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.10 Lanfu C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.11 Sd C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.12 Sugar Baby C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris United StatesNo.13 Moon and Stars C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris United StatesNo.14 PI 164687 C. mucosospermus IndiaNo.15 PI 169300 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris TurkeyNo.16 PI 179878 C. mucosospermus IndiaNo.17 PI 181742 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris LebanonNo.18 PI 234603 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris New ZealandNo.19 PI 254740 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris SenegalNo.20 PI 270144 C. mucosospermus GreeceNo.21 PI 270524 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris IsraelNo.22 PI 270545 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris SudanNo.23 PI 271773 C. amarus South AfricaNo.24 PI 273479 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris EthiopiaNo.25 PI 273481 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris EthiopiaNo.26 PI 296337 C. amarus South AfricaNo.27 PI 392291 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris KenyaNo.28 PI 435991 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.29 PI 482255 C. mucosospermus ZimbabweNo.30 PI 482286 C. amarus ZimbabweNo.31 PI 482307 C. amarus ZimbabweNo.32 PI 482319 C. amarus ZimbabweNo.33 PI 482324 C. amarus ZimbabweNo.34 PI 482331 C. amarus ZimbabweNo.35 PI 482378 C. mucosospermus ZimbabweNo.36 PI 505586 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ZambiaNo.37 PI 508444 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris South KoreaNo.38 PI 512332 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.39 PI 512395 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris SpainNo.40 PI 512404 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris SpainNo.41 PI 512405 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris SpainNo.42 PI 525084 C. mucosospermus EgyptNo.43 PI 542617 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris AlgeriaNo.44 Burpees Fordhook Early C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris unbekanntNo.45 BVCIT 66 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ItalienNo.46 Mozaicnyj C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris RuÞlandNo.47 Giza 1 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris €AgyptenNo.48 L-5 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris United StatesNo.49 Black Diamond Yellow Belly C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris United StatesNo.50 BVCIT 306 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris PortugalNo.51 BVCIT 91 C. amarus unbekanntNo.52 Xinmofu C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.53 Wuchazao C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.54 Sanbai C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.55 Heibenjin C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.56 Guiyin6hao C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.57 Zhongyu10hao C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.58 Mibao-X C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.59 Tomato-Seed-X C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.60 Japduanman C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.61 BV786 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.62 BV797 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.63 BV761 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.64 BV740 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.65 BV748 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.66 PI 632751 C. ecirrhosus Cogn United StatesNo.67 PI 195927 C. colocynthis EthiopiaNo.68 PI 220778 C. colocynthis EthiopiaNo.69 PI 386024 C. colocynthis IranNo.70 PI 432337 C. colocynthis CyprusNo.71 PI 537300 C. colocynthis TurkmenistanNo.72 PI 525082 C. colocynthis EgyptNo.73 PI 652554 C. colocynthis IndiaNo.74 Skorospelka Char’Kovskaja C. lanatus subsp. Vulgaris Cyprus

(Continued on next page)


Supplemental Table 2. (Continued) List of the 130 accessions of the core collection. This core set was able to capture all 133 alleles detected by 23 SSRs in 1197accessions.

No. Accession name Species Accession origin

No.75 BVV43 C. mucosospermus ChinaNo.76 BVV44 C. mucosospermus ChinaNo.77 KWS-K C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.78 L600Y- L600 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.79 KP-K C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.80 KLL-K C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.81 TS409 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.82 KH-K C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.83 KH3–1 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.84 GK5F C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.85 Arka Manik C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.86 WDM C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.87 TDM C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.88 Meigbairoui C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.89 CYM C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.90 SP5 C. mucosospermus ChinaNo.91 SL3 C. mucosospermus ChinaNo.92 AZKZW C. mucosospermus ChinaNo.93 Charlee C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris United StatesNo.94 CXG C. naudinianus ChinaNo.95 GR25 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.96 GR36 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.97 GR63 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.98 GR88 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.99 ZG80 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.100 ZG85 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.101 PI 549161 C. colocynthis ChadNo.102 PI 632755 C. rehmii SleighNo.103 F10 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.104 PI 386015 C. colocynthis IranNo.105 PI 388770 C. colocynthis MoroccoNo.106 97103 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.107 RZ-900 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris NetherlandsNo.108 RZ-901 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris NetherlandsNo.109 Sugarlee C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.110 JX-2 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.111 JLM C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.112 JXF C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.113 XHBFGM C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris ChinaNo.114 Calhoun Gray C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris United StatesNo.115 Black Diamond C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris United StatesNo.116 PI 296341-FR C. amarus South AfricaNo.117 PI 595203 C. mucosospermus NigeriaNo.118 PI 386019 C. colocynthis South AfricaNo.119 PI 482271 C. mucosospermus ZimbabweNo.120 PI 482303 C. amarus ZimbabweNo.121 PI 482276 C. amarus ZimbabweNo.122 SY-904304 C. lanatus subsp. vulgaris United StatesNo.123 PI 249010 C. mucosospermus NigeriaNo.124 PI 248178 C. mucosospermus ZaireNo.125 PI 189317 C. mucosospermus NigeriaNo.126 PI 500301 C. mucosospermus ZambiaNo.127 PI 482326 C. amarus ZimbabweNo.128 PI 618817 C. naudinianus South AfricaNo.129 PI 671961 C. naudinianus South AfricaNo.130 Grif 16945 C. ecirrhosus Cogn United States


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