ORLAND HIGH SCHOOL BIOLOGY

In order to provide OHS Biology students with the best educational opportunities possible during this mandatory school closure, I have

provided the following voluntary enrichment items for students. I will provide additional enrichment on April 20th if this closure is prolonged.

Students - just work your way from the top of the list toward the bottom.

ECOLOGY ENRICHMENT CURRICULUM:

Copy the Ecology Notes – Day 2 from the OHS Science Website

Copy the Ecology Notes – Day 3 from the OHS Science Website

Complete the Food Web Activity

Complete the Ecology Worksheet #1

Copy the Ecology Notes – Day 4 from the OHS Science Website

Complete the Ecology Worksheet #2

Complete the Biotic Relationships Worksheet

Complete the Ch. 20 & 21 Reading WS

Copy the Ecology Notes – Day 5 from the OHS Science Website

Complete the Ecology Worksheet #3

Copy the Ecology Notes – Day 6 from the OHS Science Website

Review the Biogeochemical Cycles Handout

Complete the Ecology Word Search

Complete the Ecology Review Worksheet

FOOD WEB ACTIVITY

Using the organisms listed below, create a food web to indicate the flow of energy within

an ecosystem. Be sure to follow all the directions to receive full credit on this assignment.

As always, neatness counts!!!

Organisms: P = producer C = carnivore O = omnivore H = herbivore

Small Tree Frog (C) Almond tree (P) Goat (H)

Sun Hawk (C) Tiny spider (C)

Catfish (H) Human (O) Butterfly (H)

Chipmunk (H) Tulip plant (P) Aquatic Algae (P)

Instructions:

On a blank sheet of paper, create a food web using all the organisms listed above. Be sure to follow the directions below.

Turn your sheet of paper sideways.

Place the sun at the top, center of your paper and color it yellow.

If the organism is a producer, write the name of the organism in green.

If the organism is a primary consumer, write the name of the organism in blue.

If the organism is a secondary consumer, write the name of the organism in red.

Using a ruler, draw the arrows to show the flow of energy between organisms. You should have at least 18 arrows in your food web.

ECOLOGY WORKSHEET #1

1. Using the organisms listed to the right, draw a food chain. Coyote Rat

Cat Sun

Rice Mountain Lion

2. The ___________________________________ is the narrow portion of the earth that supports life.

3. An organism that only eats plants is called a(n) _____________________________________.

4. Ultimately all organisms get their energy from the __________________________________.

5. _______________________________________ are always found at the top of the energy pyramid.

6. In an energy pyramid, a rattlesnake is considered a ______________________________________.

7. Using a complete sentence, briefly explain what the term “ecology” means.

8. In a healthy ecosystem, the number of organisms decreases / increases the further up the energy

pyramid and there is more / less energy available at the top of the pyramid.

9. How much energy is lost as heat when one organism eats another organism? ________________ %

10. What is the definition of a food web?

11. Which biome consists of oak & maple trees that lose their leaves in the

Fall, is found in the Eastern U.S., has deer and squirrels, and has rich soil? ____________________

12. Neatly draw a food web using the following items: Rabbit, Grain, Snake, Eagle, Mouse, Sun

ECOLOGY WORKSHEET #2 1. In the figure below, draw arrows to show the flow of energy between the organisms to create a food web.

Use the figure above to complete the following statements by circling the correct answer.

2. The organisms on the bottom of the food web are producers / consumers .

3. The sheep is a primary / secondary consumer.

4. The eagle is a primary / secondary consumer.

5. The mouse that only eats fruit and seeds would be considered primary / secondary consumers.

6. If this were an energy pyramid, there would be more / fewer secondary consumers than 1 consumers.

7. If grass and seed production were to increase, then the eagle population would increase / decrease .

8. List the organisms from the food web above that are:

a. producers =

b. need the sun’s energy to make food =

c. primary consumer =

d. secondary consumer =

9. What is the ultimate source of energy for all of the ecosystems on earth? __________________________

10. What is the definition of ecology?

11. Which of the following would not be considered a consumer? (circle one)

Worm Lobster Pigeon Pine Tree Gopher

12. What is the definition of symbiosis?

TIGER

SHEEP

COW

GRASS SEEDS

EAGLE

MOUSE

13. ______________________________________________ is a relationship between species in which both

species benefit.

14. What is the definition of competition?

15. Give two examples of decomposers.

a) b)

16. A tick feeding on blood from a human is an example of __________________________________________.

17. What would be the most likely producer in a grassland biome? ___________________________________

18. The thick, continually frozen layer of ground found in the tundra is called _____________________________.

19. Why are decomposers necessary for the continuation of life on Earth?

20. What does the term “biotic” mean?

21. What would be the food source for each of the following? (plants or animals)

a) Omnivore -

b) Herbivore -

c) Carnivore -

22. What are the three symbiotic relationships between organisms? Describe each.

a)

b)

c)

23. ____________________________________ competition would occur between two spotted owls competing for a mouse.

24. The portion of the earth that supports life is called the ______________________________________________.

BIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS WORKSHEET

Directions: Read each scenario below and identify the type of biotic relationship being described

(predation, competition, or symbiosis). If it is a symbiotic relationship, specifically label if it is

mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism. If it is competitive relationship, include if it is interspecific

competition or intraspecific completion. Only one type of biotic relationship is used for each example.

1. Termites feed on dead plant material and cellulose, both of which they find in

wood. Termites are able to eat and digest wood because of bacteria that make their

home in the termite’s intestines.

2. Moles create burrows underground – much to the frustrations of many home

owners. Fortunately for the homeowners, rat snakes can inhabit their yards and eat

the moles as a food source.

3. Many types of mushrooms are no harm at all to plants, but some actually grow on

trees and suck the nutrients out of the tree slowly, until it dies.

4. Mites often have the reputation of being harmful pests. However, mites and the

carrion beetle have a different relationship. The carrion beetle transports the mites

to different food sources, while the mites eat the maggots of flies that fight with

beetle larvae for food.

5. If you look carefully at this picture of livestock, you will see small white birds

interspersed around them. These birds are known as cattle egrets. They do nothing

to the cattle, but like to be near them because as the cattle move through the grass

and eat, they rustle up insects that the cattle egrets can easily eat.

6. Sea anemones do not actively seek out their food. They are considered

“opportunistic” feeders because they simply take advantage and eat whatever passes

by them that they can reach with their tentacles. Because of this, they do not like to

inhabit the same areas as other sea anemones, and will often fight for space.

7. Bees and flowers have coevolved due to their benefits to one another. Bees assist

flowers in pollination, while flowers provide the bees with food.

8. Spider crabs have poor eyesight and are known as “lethargic scavengers”. They

lazily move through more shallow parts of the ocean searching for food. Because

of this, they are very exposed to their predators. Algae grow on the backs of the

spider crabs, which gives them some camouflage, and the algae has a home.

9. Cheetahs and lions live in the same regions and eat the same food sources, such as

gazelles and small wildebeests. Because of this, when food is limited, they often

have to fight to survive.

10. Spiders use tree limbs to support their webs, which don’t affect the tree.

CHAPTERS 20 & 21 READING WORKSHEET

CHAPTER 20: Read pages 379 – 390 in the Modern Biology textbook to answer the following questions.

1. Define the following terms:

a) population growth rate -

b) carrying capacity -

c) population density -

2. What is the population density of humans in the United States? ___________________________

3. Draw a J-shaped growth curve from the exponential model & an S-shaped growth curve from the

logistic model. Look at the diagrams in the chapter for help.

J-SHAPED CURVE S-SHAPED CURVE

4. How do density-dependent factors differ from density-independent factors?

5. List two common density-dependent factors and two density-independent factors.

DENSITY-DEPENDENT DENSITY-INDEPENDENT

a) a)

b) b)

6. About 80% of the world’s populations live in _______________________________________.

7. Which country has the lowest growth rate? ___________________________________________

CHAPTER 21: Read pages 397 – 408 in the book to answer the following questions.

8. What are the five major types of symbioses among species?

a) d)

b) e)

c)

9. What is mimicry?

10. List and describe the three types of symbiotic relationships.

a)

b)

c)

11. What are the two types of parasites? Define each.

a) ectoparasites -

b) endoparasites -

12. What is succession?

13. What are the two types of succession? Define each.

a)

b)

14. Place the following in the correct order of succession and circle the pioneer species.

A. Aspen trees B. Shrubs C. Bare land D. Grasses

______________ ______________ _______________ ______________

ECOLOGY WORKSHEET #3

1. What is the definition of an ecosystem?

2. What are the two aquatic biomes from your biome chart?

a) b)

3. What are the three types of biotic relationships? Define each.

a)

b)

c)

5. A __________________________________________________ is the first species to colonize a new habitat.

6. __________________________________________ is a symbiotic relationship between species in which one

species benefits but the other species is deprived of nutrients.

7. What are the four examples of density-independent factors?

a) c)

b) d)

8. What is commensalism?

9. What is biotic potential?

10. Which biome has a high concentration of salt, includes intertidal zones, and has variable precipitation?

11. _____________________________________________________ is the sequential replacement of populations

in an area that has not previously supported life.

12. Name two abiotic and two biotic factors in an ecosystem.

Biotic: a) b)

Abiotic: a) b)

13. What is a population?

14. What are the two parts of a J-shaped growth curve?

a) b)

15. A shark and a squid competing for a fish would be an example of ________________________________

competition.

16. What is the “carrying capacity” of an ecosystem?

17. What formula is used to determine the growth rate of a population?

18. What are density-dependent factors?

19. List four density-dependent factors.

a) b) c) d)

20. What are the five factors that affect the size of a population?

a) d)

b) e)

c)

21. What is intraspecific competition?

22. What are the three symbiotic relationships between organisms? Describe each.

a)

b)

c)

23. Each level of the energy pyramid is called a ___________________________________ level.

24. A ____________________________ is a large area identified by characteristic plants, animals, and climatic

conditions.

25. When one organism feeds on another organism, the ________________________________ is the organism

that is feeding upon another organism.

26. What is secondary succession?

27. What are four natural disruptions that can cause secondary succession?

a) b) c) d)

BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES HANDOUT

THE WATER CYCLE

OXYGEN

CARBON DIOXIDE

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

AMMONIFICATION (wastes ammonia)

NITRIFICATION (ammonia nitrates)

DENITRIFICATION (nitrates N2 gas)

NITROGEN FIXATION (N2 gas proteins)

THE CARBON CYCLE THE CARBON CYCLE

THE NITROGEN CYCLE

ECOLOGY REVIEW WORKSHEET

1. What does the term “abiotic” mean?

2. Define the following terms.

a) Omnivore -

d) Herbivore -

e) Carnivore -

3. What are the four steps of the water cycle? Define each.

a)

b)

c)

d)

4. Symbiosis, predation, and competition are all types of _____________________________________________.

5. What are the two phases shown in a J-shaped population curve?

a) b)

6. What is succession?

7. The ___________________________________________ is the maximum number of individuals that can be

supported by an environment.

8. _______________________________ is a symbiotic relationship that is neither helpful nor harmful to the host.

9. In the space below, draw a food chain using the following items:

Flea Sun Wolf Squirrel Acorns

10. The first species to colonize a new habitat is called a _____________________________________________.

11. Which of the following would receive the most energy in an energy pyramid? (Circle one)

Flea Wolf Spider Squirrel Acorns Human

12. Two great white sharks competing for a fish would be an example of _________________________________

competition.

13. What formula is used to determine the growth rate of a population?

14. What are density-dependent factors?

15. List four density-independent factors.

a) b) c) d)

16. Plants convert carbon dioxide into oxygen through what process? __________________________________

17. From the following list, place the following items beneath the appropriate heading.

soil , leaves , light , oxygen , a skull , snow , cobras , jellyfish , heat

ABIOTIC FACTORS BIOTIC FACTORS

18. What is the definition of an ecosystem?

19. What is a trophic level?

20. In an energy pyramid, where is most of the energy found? (circle one) TOP / MIDDLE / BOTTOM

21. Which nutrient cycle involves ammonification, bacteria, and denitrification? (circle one)

water cycle phosphorus cycle air cycle nitrogen cycle carbon cycle

22. How does transpiration differ from evaporation?

23. List the five factors that affect the size of a population.

a) d)

b) e)

c)

Write the term that matches each description below. The number in the parentheses indicates the number

of letters used in each term.

24. Obtains nutrition from another organism in a way that harms the host. (8) _________________________

25. An organism that only feeds on animals. (9) ________________________________________________

26. Study of the relationship between living & non-living parts of an environment. (7) __________________

27. The part of the earth that supports life. (9) ________________________________________________

28. Organism in a food chain that uses the sun's energy to make food. (8) _____________________________

29. The symbiotic relationship that benefits both organisms. (9) ____________________________________

30. Competition between members of different species. (13) _______________________________________

31. The organism that is fed on by another organism. (4) _________________________________________

32. Levels of an energy pyramid are called _______ . (13) ________________________________________

33. All energy ultimately comes from this source. (3) ____________________________________________

34. Weather, water, rock, and temperature are examples. (7) _______________________________________

35. All the living and non-living parts in a given area. (9) ____________________________________

36. Many connected food chains in an ecosystem. (7) ____________________________________________

37. An organism that eats both plants and animals. (8) ____________________________________________

38. The living parts of an environment. (13) ____________________________________________________

39. An organism that eats dead or dying material. (10) ___________________________________________

40. _____ consumers include wolves, great white sharks, and snakes. (9) _____________________________

41. The struggle between individuals for food, water, & shelter. (11) ________________________________

42. Symbiotic relationship that is neither helpful nor harmful to the host. (12) __________________________

43. A specific sequence in which organisms obtain energy. (9) _____________________________________

44. ______ competition occurs between members of the same species. (13) ____________________________

45. Organisms that only eat plants, such as shrubs, leaves, & flowers. (10) _____________________________

46. One organism feeds upon another organism for nutrition/energy. (9) ______________________________

47. Two dissimilar organisms live together in a close relationship. (9) ________________________________

48. Organisms that feed on producers are called _______ consumers. (7) _____________________________