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ORIGINS & THE EARLY YEARS, 1931-1941

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TIMELINE 1922: Washington Naval Treaty 1931: The Manchurian Incident 1937: Japan Invades China 1939: Battle of Khalkin-Gol ; Soviets defeat Japanese July,1940: Hideki Tojo becomes Minister of War Sept., 1940: Tripartite Pact signed April,1941: Japan-Soviet Neutrality Treaty signed December 7, 1941: Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor

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JAPANESE EXPANSION: ORIGINS ANTI-WESTERN FEELINGS: JAPANS MISTRUST OF WESTERN/EUROPEAN ACTIONS ROOTED IN 16 TH /17 TH CENTURY COLONIZATION OF ASIA WHY? FEARFUL OF EFFECT ON JAPANs SOCIAL STRUCTURE EXAMPLE: THE SAMURAI (WARRIOR) CLASS FEARED LOSING POWER IF EUROPEAN DEMOCRATIC IDEAS INTRODUCED JAPANs REACTION: ADOPT WESTERN TECHNOLOGY, BUT KEEP IT CONTROLLED BY JAPANESE EXAMPLE: FIREARMS & NAVAL TECHNOLOGY WOULD BE CONTOLLED / DIRECTED BY THE SAMURAI RESULT? LATE 1800s = JAPAN HAS DEVELOPED WESTERN-STYLE ARMY & NAVY 1904-05: JAPAN WINS RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1914-18: WWI = JAPAN FIGHTS FOR ALLIES BUTJAPAN VERSAILLES TREATY FORCES JAPAN TO GIVE UP TERRITORY WON IN RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR 1922: WASHINTON NAVAL TREATY JAPAN IS DESIGNATED A SECOND-LEVEL MILITARY POWER JAPAN HAS # OF BATTLESHIPS LIMITED TO 3/5 of WWI ALLIES WHAT IS THE EFFECT ON JAPANESE MENTALITY? JAPAN IS INSULTED, SUFFERS LOSS OF FACE (define) JAPAN WANTS TO ERADICATE INSULTS / LIMITATIONS

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JAPANESE EXPANSION: ORIGINS (contd.) 1920s / 1930s: PROBLEMS IN JAPAN JAPAN CANNOT FEED ITSELF JAPAN DOESNT HAVE ENOUGH RAW MATERIALS EXAMPLE: METALS RUBBER OIL JAPANs ARMY IS EXTREMELY NATIONALISTIC, RACIST, & AGGRESSIVE SOLUTION? TERRITORIAL EXPANSION RESOURCES SHIPPED BACK TO JAPAN FOR PRODUCTION EXPAND WHERE? 2 POSSIBILITIES: NORTH or SOUTH PLAN #1: CHINA (especially Manchuria) #2: S.E. ASIA (Indochina, Indonesia)

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JAPANESE EXPANSION: ORIGINS (contd.) 1930s: EXPANSION INTO CHINA BEGINS 1931: THE MANCHURIAN INCIDENT RESULT? JAPAN NOW HAS FOOTHOLD IN MANCHURIA / CHINA JAPANs ARMY IS GROWING MORE POWERFUL NO INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE DOES THIS SOUND FAMILIAR? 1937: JAPAN MOVES INTO CHINA PROPER RESULT? FULL-SCALE INVASION HAS BEGUN JAPANESE INVASION IS BRUTAL & HIGHLY RACIST EXAMPLE? DEC., 1937 RAPE OF NANKING 1939: BATTLE OF KHALKIN-GOL(MONGOLIA) SOVIETS DEFEAT JAPANESE JAPANESE ABANDON NORTH PLAN WHY? SEPT., 1940: TRIPARTITE PACT SIGNED RESULT? JAPAN, GERMANY, ITALY ARE ALLIES JAPAN ANNOUNCES GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE

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JAPANESE TROOPS MOVING TOWARDS NANJING, 1937

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JAPANESE TROOPS HOLDING BAYONET PRACTICE ON CHINESE PRISONERS, NANJING, CHINA, 1937

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JAPANESE BAYONET PRACTICE, CHINA, 1937

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CHINESE PRISONERS BEING BURIED ALIVE BY JAPANESE TROOPS, NANJING, CHINA, 1937

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CHINESE PRISONERS BEING BEHEADED BY JAPANESE NANJING, CHINA, 1937

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JAPANESE OFFICER WITH EXECUTION VICTIMS, NANJING, CHINA, 1937

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JAPANESE NEWSPAPER ARTICLE REPORTING UPDATE ON NANJING KILLING CONTEST 1937

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JAPANESE EXPANSION: ORIGINS (contd.) GREATER EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHERE: ANOTHER NAME FOR A JAPANESE-DOMINATED ASIA TOJO WAS PRIMARY SUPPORTER OF IDEA ASIAN WOULD BE FREE OF WESTERN DOMINATION JAPAN WOULD BE LEAD POWER PROBLEM: WESTERN NATIONS HAD TO BE MOVED OUT OF ASIA CHINA WAS CLOSELY ALLIED TO U.S. & BRITS. AUSTRALIA WAS/IS BASICALLY A WESTERN NATION EXPANSION WOULD LEAD DIRECTLY TO WAR W/ WESTERN NATIONS SOLUTION? DEMAND, AND RECEIVE, WESTERN AGREEMENTS TO MOVE OUT OF ASIA, OR ATTACK & TAKE OUT U.S., BRITISH, FRENCH MILITARY FORCES IN ASIA QUICKLY

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PREPARING FOR WAR 1941: U.S. BEGINS EMBARGO ON JAPAN: OIL, METAL SHIPMENTS TO JAPAN ARE TERMINATED WHY? U.S. PROTESTS JAPANESE WAR IN CHINA U.S. BEGINS SECRETLY SENDING SUPPLIES TO CHINESE TOJO BECOMES JAPANESE PRIME MINISTER JULY, 41: FRENCH ALLOW JAPANESE TO ENTER INDOCHINA U.S. TIGHTENS EMBARGO ON JAPAN JAPANs TRADE CUT BY 75% JAPAN OFFERS U.S. 2 POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO AVOID WAR: JAPAN WOULD WITHDRAW FROM CHINA IN 25 YEARS JAPAN WOULD WITHDRAW FROM INDOCHINA IF U.S. SELLS JAPAN 1 million tons OF AVAIATION FUEL

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PREPARING FOR WAR U.S. DEMANDS: JAPAN WILL WITHDRAW FROM CHINA INDOCHINA JAPAN WILL RECOGNIZE CHAING KAI-SHEK AS THE LEGITIMATE HEAD OF CHINA JAPAN WILL LEAVE THE TRIPARTITE PACT JAPANs RESPONSE: U.S. TERMS ARE UNACCEPTABLE NOV. 25 JAPANESE FORCES HEAD FOR PEARL HARBOR PHILIPPINES S.E. ASIA INDONESIA DEC. 7, 1941: PEARL HARBOR ATTACKED

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JAPANESE PLAN; OCCUPATION OF CHINA 1941

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HIDEKI TOJO

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HIDEKI TOJO MINISTER OF WAR, PRIME MINISTER, EMPIRE OF JAPAN

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EMPEROR HIROHITO

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HIROHITO, EMPEROR OF JAPAN

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ISORUKU YAMAMATO

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IF I AM TOLD TO FIGHT REGARDLESS OF THE CONSEQUENCES, I SHALL RUN WILD FOR THE FIRST SIX MONTHS OR A YEAR, BUT I HAVE UTTERLY NO CONFIDENCE FOR THE SECOND OR THIRD YEAR. ADMIRAL ISORUKU YAMAMATO

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PEARL HARBOR REASONS FOR ATTACK: JAPANESE PLAN TO NEUTRALIZE U.S. BATTLE FLEET AT OUTSET JAPANESE PLAN TO DESTROY U.S. CARRIER FORCES NEED TO ALLOW OTHER JAPANESE ASSAULTS (Indonesia, Philippines, etc.) TO NOT BE THREATENED ATTACK: I.J.N. ASSAULT FLEET ATTACKS EARLY A.M., DEC. 7, 1941 ASSAULT PLANES ARE SPOTTED BY U.S. RADAR RADAR WARNINGS ARE IGNORED BY AMERICANS ATTACK BEGINS @ 7:50AM PDT (approx.) PRIMARY TARGETS: U.S. BATTLESHIPS U.S. AIRFIELDS & PLANES U.S. ARICRAFT CARRIERS (not at Pearl Harbor at sea) RESULTS: 5 MAJOR BATTLESHIPS SUNK 4 HEAVILY DAMAGED 188 U.S. AIRCRAFT DESTROYED 2,345 MILITARY KIA 1,247 MILITARY WIA 57 CIVILIANS KILLED JAPANESE LOSSES: 27 AIRCRAFT DESTROYED, 55 AIRMEN KILLED DEC. 8, 1941: U.S. DECLARES WAR ON JAPAN; U.S. IS NOW OFFICIALLY IN WORLD WAR II

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PEARL HARBOR NAVAL BASE, DEC., 1941

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JAPANESE FIGHTERS TAKING OFF FROM CARRIER HIRYU, DEC. 7, 1941

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NAKAJIMA BN5 KATE TORPEDO BOMBER

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KATE TORPEDO BOMBER LOADED WITH TORPEDO

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AICHI D3A VAL DIVE BOMBER

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AICHI D3AVAL DIVE BOMBER `

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MITSUBISHI A6M ZERO FIGHTER

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ADMIRAL NAGUMO PEARL HARBOR ATTACK FLEET COMMANDER, I.J.N.

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U.S. COMMANDERS AT PEARL HARBOR ADMIRAL KIMMEL, U.S.N. GENERAL SHORT, U.S.A.

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BATTLESHIP ROW UNDER TORPEDO ATTACK

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JAPANESE AERIAL VIEW BATTLESHIP ROW UNDER ATTACK

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EXPLOSION OF THE U.S.S. SHAW

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EXPLOSION OF THE U.S.S. ARIZONA

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U.S.S. ARIZONA SETTLES ON THE BOTTOM OF PEARL HARBOR

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U.S.S. OKLAHOMA CAPSIZED; U.S.S. ARIZONA AFTER EXPOLSION

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JAPANESE AERIAL PHOTO OF PEARL HARBOR ATTACK

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FDRs DAY OF INFAMY SPEECH TO CONGRESS, DEC. 8, 1941

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FDRs DAY OF INFAMY SPEECH IN TEXT

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NEW YORK TIMES, DECEMBER 8, 1941

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1941 U.S. PROPAGANDA POSTERS

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U.S. GOVT. PROPAGANDA POSTERS, 1941

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BATTLESHIP ROW, PEARL HARBOR TODAY

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U.S.S. ARIZONA MEMORIAL, PEALR HARBOR TODAY

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ARIZONA MEMORIAL, PEARL HARBOR, HAWAII

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NEWSPAPER FLASH, DECEMBER 7, 1941

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THE REAL REASON WE WON WORLD WAR II

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ADMIRAL ISORUKU YAMAMATO, COMMANDER, IMPERIAL JAPANESE FLEET

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I FEAR THAT ALL WE HAVE DONE IS TO AWAKEN A SLEEPING GIANT AND FILL HIM WITH A TERRIBLE RESOLVE. ADMIRAL ISORUKU YAMAMOTO