Origins of the Cold WarOrigins of the Cold War

Ch 18 Sec 1Ch 18 Sec 1

I. Former Allies ClashI. Former Allies Clash

A. United NationsA. United Nations 1. Objective was to keep world peace.1. Objective was to keep world peace. 2. U.S. and Soviet Union used the UN to 2. U.S. and Soviet Union used the UN to

spread their influence over others.spread their influence over others.

B. Potsdam ConferenceB. Potsdam Conference 1. Soviets went back on promise and did 1. Soviets went back on promise and did

not allow free elections in Poland.not allow free elections in Poland. 2. Truman wanted a new world order of 2. Truman wanted a new world order of

self-determination.self-determination. 3. Truman objected against Germany 3. Truman objected against Germany

paying reparations.paying reparations. 4. Stalin controlled eastern Europe and 4. Stalin controlled eastern Europe and

Germany was divided into different Germany was divided into different zones.zones.

C. Satellite NationsC. Satellite Nations 1. Stalin installed communist 1. Stalin installed communist

governments in Albania, Bulgaria, governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Poland.Yugoslavia, and Poland.

D. U.S. policy of ContainmentD. U.S. policy of Containment 1. Taking measures to prevent any 1. Taking measures to prevent any

extension of communist rule to other extension of communist rule to other countries.countries.

2. An “iron curtain” had fallen over 2. An “iron curtain” had fallen over eastern Europe and no democracy could eastern Europe and no democracy could enter.enter.

II. Cold War in EuropeII. Cold War in Europe

A. Truman DoctrineA. Truman Doctrine 1. To help Greece and Turkey from 1. To help Greece and Turkey from

becoming Communist, Truman and becoming Communist, Truman and Congress gave the nations over 400 Congress gave the nations over 400 million in aid.million in aid.

2. The TD was a policy in which the U.S. 2. The TD was a policy in which the U.S. would economically support any nation would economically support any nation threatened by Communism.threatened by Communism.

B. Marshall PlanB. Marshall Plan 1. The MP was designed to provide aid 1. The MP was designed to provide aid

to an European country that had been to an European country that had been ravaged by WWII.ravaged by WWII.

2. By 1952 16 countries received over 2. By 1952 16 countries received over 13 billion in aid and Western Europe was 13 billion in aid and Western Europe was flourishing.flourishing.

III. Superpowers Struggle over III. Superpowers Struggle over GermanyGermany

A. The Berlin AirliftA. The Berlin Airlift 1. Stalin blockaded West Berlin.1. Stalin blockaded West Berlin. 2. To keep the people from starving planes 2. To keep the people from starving planes

dropped everything from food, fuel, and dropped everything from food, fuel, and medicine to Christmas gifts for 327 days.medicine to Christmas gifts for 327 days.

3. By May of 1949 the Soviets realized 3. By May of 1949 the Soviets realized they had been beaten and they lifted the they had been beaten and they lifted the blockade.blockade.

4. After the Berlin Airlift East and West 4. After the Berlin Airlift East and West Germany officially separated.Germany officially separated.

B. NATOB. NATO 1. 11 nations along with the U.S. 1. 11 nations along with the U.S.

formed the North Atlantic Treaty formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.Organization.

2. They each pledged military support.2. They each pledged military support. 3. U.S. entered into a military alliance 3. U.S. entered into a military alliance

for the first time during peacetime.for the first time during peacetime.