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ISSN No : 2249-894X

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Review Of Research Journal

Vol 3 Issue 8 May 2014

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Title: Source: Review of Research [2249-894X] yr:2014 | vol:3 | iss:8

“THE TECTONIC RELATION BETWEEN GABAL KILKABOB GRANITE AND THE RING COMPLEXES EMPLACEMENT,AT THE SOUTH EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT ” , Ata Abdelshafy

Vol. 3 | Issue. 8 | May. 2014Review Of Research

KEY WORDS:

Tectonic ,Gabal Kilkabob , Monzo-syenogranite .

INTRODUCTION

Gabal Kilkabob granite is located at southeastern desert of Egypt between:

22° 23 ì 22? - 22° 30 ́ 58? N and 33° 43 ̀ 5? - 33° 50 ́ 2? E ,about 250 km from Aswan city,at the northern side of Wadi Allaqi-Wadi Murra junction.

During the second major event of magmatic activity (570-530Ma.),highly evolved granites strongly enriched in alkalies were emplaced, through the post cratonization stage of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. Throughout this stage; the Arabian-Nubian Shield was subjected to tensional stresses, block

Abstract:

Gabal Kilkabob granite is genetically and spatially related to the NE-SW major transform fault that controlled the ring complexes emplacement in the South Eastern Desert.

Gabal Kilkabob granite take a semi rounded-NS oval shape(11x8 km) comprises Monzo-syenogranite in the middle grading to alkali-feldspar granite at the peripheries.

Alkali-feldspar granite intrudes the surrounding island arc metavolcanics as well as monzogranite of Gabal Umm Ara.

Monzo-syenogranite consists mainly of potash feldspar, plagioclase, quartz and mafic minerals with noticeable amount of opaque minerals. The main characteristic texture is equigranular with medium to coarse grain size.Porphyritic texture is also present

Alkali-feldspar granite are medium grained and characterized by hypidiomorphic granular texture and composed mainly of alkali-feldspar (orthoclase and minor microcline),quartz and subordinate plagioclase.The main mafic minerals are either amphibole or biotite. Accessories are represented by zircon, sphene,apatite and iron oxides

Petrochemicaly Gabal Kilkabob granite have a GIII granitic nature (monzo-syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite) originated of alkaline magma.. It represents a post orogenic granitoids (POG), and shows affiliation to the within plate granite(WPG) .Both of monzo-syenogranite and alkali-feldspar Granite possess low concentrations of uranium and thorium, which were trapped in the crystal structure of some accessory minerals such as allanite, zircon, sphene and apatite.

ISSN:-2249-894X

THE TECTONIC RELATION BETWEEN GABAL KILKABOB GRANITE AND THE RING COMPLEXES EMPLACEMENT,

AT THE SOUTH EASTERN DESERT, EGYPT

Available online at www.ror.isrj.net

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Ata Abdelshafy

Impact Factor : 2.1002 (UIF)

http://www.unicef.org/publications/files/Diarrhoea_FINAL

faulting and differential uplift (Hashad,1980, Abdel Monem Hurley1980,Fullager 1980, Frish1982, Sturchio et al.1983,Ries et al.1983, Stern&Hedge1985 and Hassan&Hashad 1990).

These post-tectonic alkali granites in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, were intruded at the junction between the east-northeast transform faults and the north-northwest deep seated tectonic zones (Garson and Krs, 1976 and Bowden, 1985).Also they are genetically and spatially related to the alkaline, nepheline bearing complexes of Egypt (El Ramly and Hussien,1980).

The ring complexes which are belong to the Phanerozoic alkaline province, were emplaced during the time span (550 to 9o ± 20Ma)between the end of the Pan- African orogeny and the opening of the Red Sea (Serencsists et al. 1979 ,Vail. 1985 & 1989). El Ramly et al.(1970)) ;related the alkaline rocks of the South Eastern Desert to some alignment along lines of weakness(rift zones)of probably Precambrian age.

DeGruyter & Vogel(1981) concluded that,the ring complexes in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt are related to the relative movement between the African and Arabian plates.

El-Ramly and Hussein(1982); stated that the GIII granites share the same genetic and tectonic features of the ring complexes of Egypt.

El-Ramly and Hussein (1985) confirmed that the ring complexes range in age from (554 Ma-89Ma), and include a wide variety of rock types, mostly show a clear alkaline affinities.

Abd El Wahed (1997) concluded that the age of 571±7 Ma for the Kilkabob granite, as well as the radiometric contents of U 5.5 ppm and Th10.8 ppm.

Bakhit et al.(2005) concluded that;the Kilkabob granite (granodiorites, monzogranite-synogranite and alkali-feldspar granite) are calk-alkaline to weakly alkaline,and their chemical characteristics showing a syn-late tectonic I-type to post-tectonic A-type granitoids.

According to Garson and Krs (1976);Nasr&El Sherbeni (2001); Kilkabob granite lies within a zone of N60°E block fault which controls the distribution of the alkaline ring complexes.

The main object of this work is deals with the petrological and petrochemicals characteristics of Gabal Kilkabob granite, as well as their tectonic setting relation with the ring complexes at the southeastern desert.

Geology

Gabal Kilkabob granite (KG) is pink to red, of high- medium-low peaks consisting an N -S oval shape granitic mass 11 X 8 km.The central part of Gabal Kilkabob granite are sinking down as a result of a normal fault;showing the ring complexes mechanism. Also, Gabal Kilkabob granite mass was effected later by the intersection of NW-SE and E-W fault planes (Figs.1&2).

Monzo-syenogranite are medium-coarse grained, pinkish grey, exfoliated, jointed and highly bouldery weathered, crop out as relatively medium-low topographic hills (Figs.3&4).Monzo-syenogranite surrounded along the peripheries by high and rugged peaks of fine- medium grained red to pink alkali-feldspar granite(Fig.5).

Gabal Kilkabob granite is intruded through strongly tectonized basic-intermediate island arc metavolcanics & related tuffs(Figs.6&7), as well as the Gabal Umm Ara granite in the northern side. Monzo-syenogranite and alkali-feldspar granite are cut by a number of E-W acidic dykes,and several quartz and unzoned pegmatite bodies. Along the fault planes(Fig.8),Kilkabob granite are hematitzed, kaolinitized and silicified with different degrees.

Gabal Kilkabob granite lies within a zone of N60°E block fault which controls the distribution of the alkaline ring complexes in Egypt, Garson and Krs (1976) Fig.9.

Petrography

Monzo-syenogranite:

Monzo-syenogranite consists mainly of potash feldspar, plagioclase, quartz and mafic minerals with noticeable amount of opaque minerals.The main characteristic texture is

2

THE TECTONIC RELATION BETWEEN GABAL KILKABOB GRANITE ............

Review Of Research | Volume 3 | Issue 8 | May 2014

Fig.(1): Thematic Mapper Image(7,4,2) for Gabal Kilkabob Area,South Eastern Desert.

Fig.(2):Geologic Map of Gabal Kilkabob Area(modified after Nasr&Elsherbini 2001).

3Review Of Research | Volume 3 | Issue 8 | May 2014



Fig.(3):Low land for exfoliated bouldery monzo- syeno granite(Mz) surrounded by medium to high relief alkali feldspar granite(Alk). Looking NE

Fig.(4):General view for exfoliated bouldery, Monzo-syenogranite(Mz) with strongly jointed alkalifeldspar granite(Alk). Looking NE

Fig.(5):General view for bouldery weathering cut through the main joint trends, at Kilkabob Monzo-syenogranite Looking S

Fig.(6):General view for intrusion contact between island arc meta volcanics (Mv)to west and alkali feldsapr.granite(Alk) to east. Looking W

Fig.(7): Island arc meta volcanic xenoliths (XL) included at Kilkabob monzo-syenogranite(Mz).

Fig.(8):Panoratmic for Kilkabob monzo-syenogranite(Alk) cut by a rhyolite dyke(Rh). Looking NE

Mz

XLs

Rh

Alk

Alk

Alk

Alk

Mv

Mz Mz

Mz

Mz

Alk


Fig(9):Slowing that the distribution of the ring complexes in Egypt is controlled by two trends related to Red Sea opening:

-N60oE crustal block faults and shear zones (Nigrub El-Fogani ,Mishbeh. El-Naga Kilkabob granite,El-Gezira and Mansouri).-N30oW deep seated tectonic zones. (Abu Khruq, Kahfa, Zargat Naam, Nigrub El-Tahtani and Nigrub El-Fogani),modified after Garson and Krs(1976).

equigranular with medium to coarse grain size. Porphyritic texture is also present in few samples.

Potash feldspars represent about 55%-90% of the total feldspar contents. They occur as subhedral crystals of antiperthite and perthite of string and patchy types in equigranular variety and as phenocrysts or even as fine crystals in the groundmass.

Potash feldspar is often stained by iron oxides and shows reaction rims on the borders of the crystals (Fig.10).

Plagioclase (An10-12)which is mostly albite represents about 10%-45% of the feldspars occurring as subhedral to euhedral crystals showing albitic, percline and/or simple twining and occasionally zoned. It is sericitized or altered to clay minerals . A second phase of plagioclase is recorded in some samples as fine crystals poikilitically enclosed in the perthites. Quartz represents about 22%-32% of the rock composition occurring as coarse crystals or phenocrysts and as fine crystals in the groundmass (Fig. 11).

Mafic minerals are mainly biotite and muscovite flakes,which are intensively altered to chlorite and exclude iron oxides. They also occur as minute flakes included in perthite and quartz. Accessory



minerals are mainly sphene, zircon and epidote. Zircon occurs as euhedral crystals partially metamictized and epidote is secondary after biotite (Fig.12).Opaque minerals occurring as well-formed cubes or aggregates and as elongated crystals (may be ilmenite).

Alkali-Feldspar Granite:

Alkali-feldspar granite are medium grained and characterized by hypidiomorphic granular texture and composed mainly of alkali-feldspar(orthoclase and minor microcline),quartz and subordinate plagioclase.The main mafic minerals are either amphibole or biotite. Accessories are represented by zircon, sphene,apatite and iron oxides.

Alkali-feldspar is abundant, which may reach 70% of the whole constituents. Orthoclase occurs as large subhedral crystals with perthitic texture (Fig.13). Few crystals are slightly sericitized and show poikilitic texture. Microcline occurs as subhedral crystals showing antiperthitic texture. Quartz occurs as anhedral coarse to fine crystals exhibiting undulose extinction. Sometimes, it is cruched into fine interstices crystals .Plagioclase occurs as subhedral prismatic crystals showing albite twinning, zoning and myrmikitic texture with variable degrees of alteration . It is occasionally corroded by quartz .Amphibole occurs as aggregates of fine dark brownish green fibrous.They pleochroic from dark brown to yellowish brown .Biotite occurs as greenish brown flakes, which is slightly to completely chloritized. It is pleochroic from yellowish to greenish brown Fig (14).Zircon, sphene and apatite are enclosed in feldspar and quartz crystals). Iron oxides occur as fine hematitic reddish brown minutes. Some iron oxides are associated with the borders and along the cleavge planes of biotite fibrous Fig (15).

Geochemistry

The geochemical characteristics of Gabal Kilkabob granite were investigated through the chemical analyses of thirteen samples. The analyses for the major oxides and some trace elements were completed at Central laboratories of Nuclear Materials Authority (NMA), Egypt.

Table (1) shows the chemical compositions, and trace elements of the studied Kilkabob granite samples.granite field (Fig. 16).


Fig (11):Secondary sphene(sph) and apatite (Ap) associated chloritized biotite (penninite Pen). x20

Fig (10): Plaioclaseg with muscovite(Musc) showing percline texture. x20

Fig (13):Patch perthite enclosed fine crystalls of albite. X10

Fig (12):String perthite encloses fine crystals of albite. x20

Musc

Pen

Ap

Sph

Musc


Table ( 1 ): Major oxides (wt %), CIPW-norm and trace elements (ppm) for the studied granitic rocks.

Chemical Classification:

Gabal Kilkabob granites can be classified according Sio2-(Na2O+K2O) diagram of Cox et


Fig (15):Euhedral crystalls of zircon (Zr) and sphene(Sph) associated plagioclase ,quartz, biotite and iron oxides. X20

Fig (14):Biotite and alanite crystals (al) associated with plagioclase. X20

al

Zr

Sph

Rock type

Monzo-Syenogranite Alkali-feldspar granite

Sample No.

2 4 5 6 7 10 13 3 9 12 18 20 28

Symbol ? ? ? ? ? ? ? + + + + + +

Major oxides (wt %)

SiO2 75.2 71.3 70.3 70.3 75.3 72.4 69.5 73.9 73.8

73.2 72..1

73.9 73.2

TiO2 0.24 0.32 0.32 0.42 0.24 0.24 0.26 .38 0.23

.25 0.24 0.30 0.29

Al2O3 12.6 14 14.1 13.9 13.1 13.1 14.3 13.3 13.2

13.2 13.6 12.8 13.7

Fe2O3 2.0 2.3 2.3 1.5 4.2 3.19 4.3 2.7 2.9 2.07 2.5 2.4 2.7

MgO 0.23 0 .12 1.24 0.36 0.52 0.28 0.2 .72 .56 0.12 0.16 0.4 0.44

CaO 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.53 1.52 2.3 1.76 1.4 1.53 2.1 1.2 1.3

Na2O 4.9 4.1 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.1 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.3 4.5

K2O 3.4 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.5

P2O5 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01

0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01

L.O.I. 0.48 1.24 2.26 4.37 0.67 0.76 0.73 .66 0. 6 0.73 0.7 1.09 1.08

Total 100.05

100.95

100.03

100.96

103.87

99.9 99.81

100.95 99.9

99.81 99.42

100.7 100.72

Trace elements (ppm)

Cr 54 54 52 54 48 53 45 54 50 47 55 55 54

Ni 6 6 8 6 8 6 7 7 7 7 7 6 6

Cu 10 10 11 11 11 10 11 13 11 11 15 13 11

Zn 184 113 99 93 95 102 68 76 115 128 71 92 104

Zr 558 437 537 463 479 583 403 433 527 532 395 558 464

Rb 244 239 201 191 187 200 195 203 186 228 188 228 173

Y 289 227 256 249 256 279 216 236 235 228 210 228 203 Ba 148 182 286 289 279 236 297 321 235 228 324 236 209

Sr 16 10 14 12 12 15 10 11 13 14 10 12 12

Ga 21 24 22 22 23 21 23 21 22 24 23 24 25 V 5 3 8 8 8 5 7 10 6 5 9 9 6

Nb 41 42 36 40 40 34 40 33 40 44 39 35 45


al.(1979) and Wilson(1989),where they are plotted mainly within the alkali granite field(Fig. 16).These granites are also plotted in the Or –Ab –An ternary diagrams of Streckeisen (1976a&b).

According to these diagrams; Gabal Kilkabob granite samples plotted in monzo-syeno granite and alkali-feldspar granite fields (Figs. 17& 18).

Magma Type:

Wright, (1969) plotted the alkalinity ratio (Al2O3 + CaO + total alkalies / Al2O3 + CaO - total alkalies) vs. SiO2 to differentiate between alkaline, cac-alkalineand and peralkaline fields. According to this figure, the studied Gabal Kilkabob granite samples are plotted in the alkaline field (Fig. 19).

Irvine and Baragar, (1971) used (Na2O+K2O)-SiO2 binary diagram to distinguish between the alkaline and sub-alkaline rock fields. The investigated Gabal Kilkabob granite samples have mainly alkaline nature (Fig. 20).

Tectonic Setting:

According to Maniar and Piccoli (1989) diagrams, the studied granites plot in the post orogenic granitoids field (POG) Figs.(21&22).

The diagrams of Pearce et al.(1984),revealed that the majority of the investigated granitoid samples fall in within plate granite field(WPG) Figs.(23&24).


Fig (16): SiO2-(Na2O+K2O) diagram for the investigated granite (Cox et al., 1979 & Wilson, 1989). The dashed line is after Irvine and Baragar (1971).

Fig. ( 17): Ab – Or – An ternary diagram for the Gabal Kilkabob granite granite(Streckeisen, 1976a) 2a: Alkali granite. 2b: Alkali feldspar granite. 3a:Syenogranite. 3b: M onzogranite. 4: Granodiorite. 5: Tonalite

Fig. (18): Ab – An – Or ternary diagram for the Gabal Kilkabob granites, (Streckeisen, 1976b).

Fig.(19): SiO2 versus alkalinity ratio (A.R.) for the Gabal Kilkabob granite granite (Wright, 1969).

Fig.(20):SiO2 vs. (Na2O+K2O) variation diagram for the Gabal Kilkabob granite (Irvine and Baragar , 1971).

Fig.(21): SiO2 vs. K2O variation diagram (Maniar and Piccoli, 1989).

6 0 65 70 75 800

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

IA G + C A G + C C G + R R G + C E UG + P O G

O P

S iO2

K2

O


Radioactivity

The field gamma-ray radioactivity of Gabal Kilkabob granite area, expressed in counts per second (cps), was measured using a portable gamma-ray scintillometer (model PGR) as a quick guide to determine the specific background of each rock unit and to locate the anomalous zones, if present. In addition, the equivalent uranium (eU) and equivalent thorium (eTh) contents for these rock units, were determined using a gamma-ray spectrometer instrument (model GS-256). This instrument gives the field radioactivity of the rocks expressed in ppm for K % and eU as well as eTh.

Alkali-Feldspar Granite exhibit K%, eU and eTh contents relatively higher contents than those of the monzo-syenogranite. Potassium contents of monzo-syenogranite vary from 1.4 to 6.5 % with an average 4.2%. Monzo-syenogranite show eU contents ranging from 1 to 5.9 ppm with an average about 3.3 ppm, whereas the eTh contents range from 9.4 to 15.5 ppm with an average 12.1ppm. Alkali-Feldspar Granite show K contents exceed 3.9 up to 7.3 % with an average 5.4 %.eU contents range from 3.1 to 6.3. ppm with an average 4.3 ppm. eTh contents range between 9.7 and 23.4 ppm with an average 14.5 ppm. These indicate that this rock unit is highly differentiated, if compared with the monzo-syenogranite (Table 2 and Fig.25).

Table ( 2 ): eU (ppm), eTh (ppm) and K (wt%) contents for Gabal Kilkabob granites


Fig.(22): SiO2 vs. Al2O3 variation diagram (Maniar and Piccoli, 1989).

Fig. (23) : Y+Nb vs. Rb discrimination diagram for Gabal Kilkabob granite Pearce et al., 1984).

(

+ Alkali-feldspar granite. ? Monzo-syenogranite.

Rhyolite : Granitic field. IAG : Island arc granitoids CCG : Continental collision granitoids RRG : Rift related granitoids WPG : Within plate granitoids COLG : Collision granitoids CAG : Calc alkaline granitoids POG : Post orogenic granitoids epiorogenic uplift granitoids AVG : Volcanic arc granitoids ORG : Orogenic related granitoids

Fig. (24) : Y vs. Nb discrimination diagram

(Pearce et al., 1984).

70 71 72 73 7 4 7 5 76 77 78 7 9 8 01 0

1 1

1 2

1 3

1 4

1 5

1 6

1 7

IA G + C A G + C C G

R R G+ C E U G

P O G

SiO2

Al2

O3

1 10 10 0 10 0 020 0 01

1 0

1 0 0

1 0 00

2 0 00

S yn- C OL G W P G

OR GV A G

Y+Nb

Rb

1 10 1 0 0 1 0 00 20 001

10

10 0

10 00

V A G +S yn -C O L G

W P G

O R G

Y

Nb

Rock type

Contents Monzo-syenogranite Alkali-feldspargranite

K (wt %) Range 1.4 – 6.5 3.9-7.3

Average 4.2 5.4

eU (ppm) Range 1 – 5.9 3.1 – 6.3

Average 3.3 4.2

eTh (ppm) Range 9.4 – 15.5 9.7 – 23.4

Average 12.1 14.5


Fig.(25): Average contents of K (wt%), eU (ppm) and eTh (ppm) for Gabal kilkabob granites

Uranium and thorium tend to concentrate during the late stage of magmatic differentiation in the internal structure of some accessory minerals such as allanite, zircon, apatite and sphene. Most of thorium minerals are more stable than uranium minerals in the zone of oxidation and remain in their original form.

The tectonic relation between Gabal Kilkabob granite and the ring complexes in the South Eastern Desert

Gabal Kilkabob granite take a semi rounded-NS oval shape(11x8 km) comprises monzo-syeno granite in the middle grading to alkali-feldspar granite at the peripheries. It is belong to G III granite and according to El-Ramly and Hussein(1982); the GIII granites share the same genetic and tectonic features of the ring complexes of Egypt.-El Ramly et al.(1970) and El Ramly & Hussein(1980) ;related the alkaline rocks of the South Eastern Desert to some alignment along lines of weakness(rift zones)of probably Precambrian age.Gabal Kilkabob granite lies on the N60°E major fault, which is the main controlling factor for the distribution of the ring complexes in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt : (Nigrub El-Fogani, Mishbeh, El-Naga, Gizera and Mansouri).El-Ramly and Hussein (1985) confirmed that the ring complexes range in age from (554 Ma±89Ma), also Abd El Wahed (1997) determined that the age of 571± 7Ma for the Kilkabob granite.We concluded that; Gabal Kilkabob granite is genetically and spatially related to the NE-SW major transform fault that controlled the ring complexes emplacement in the South Eastern Desert.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Gabal Kilkabob granite is located at southeastern desert of Egypt,about 250 km from Aswan city,at the northern side of Wadi Allaqi-Wadi Murra junction.Gabal Kilkabob granite take a semi rounded-NS oval shape comprises Monzo-syenogranite in the middle grading to alkali-feldspar granite at the peripheries.Alkali-feldspar granite intrudes the surrounding island arc metavolcanics as well as monzogranite of Gabal Umm Ara.Monzo-syenogranite consists mainly of potash feldspar, plagioclase, quartz and mafic minerals with noticeable amount of opaque minerals. The main characteristic texture is equigranular with medium to coarse grain size.Porphyritic texture is also present.Alkali-feldspar granite is medium grained and characterized by hypidiomorphic granular texture and composed mainly of alkali-feldspar (orthoclase and minor microcline),quartz and subordinate plagioclase.The main mafic minerals are either amphibole or biotite. Accessories are represented by zircon, sphene,apatite and iron oxides.Petrochemicaly Gabal Kilkabob granite have a GIII granitic nature (monzo-syenogranite and alkali feldspar granite) originated of alkaline magma.. It is represent a post-orogenic granitoids (POG), and shows affiliation to the within plate granite(WPG).

Gabal Kilkabob granite is genetically and spatially related to the NE major transform fault zone that controlled the ring complexes emplacement in the South Eastern Desert.

Both of monzo-syenogranite and alkali-feldspar Granite possess low concentrations of uranium and thorium, which were trapped in the crystal structure of some accessory minerals such as allanite, zircon, sphene and apatite.



REFERENCES

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