orientdb the graph database

www.orientechnologies.com

1.0 May 2012

Artem OrobetsSenior Java Developerin ExigenServices1.5 year in Java

OrientDB committer

Andrey LomakinSoftware Architectin ExigenServices6+ years JEE experience

OrientDB committer

OrientDB=

best features of newest NoSQL solutions

+best features of Relational DBMS

+True Graph engine


Relationships

are direct linksno Relational JOINS to connect multiple

tables

Load trees and graphs in few ms!www.orientechnologies.com

Complex types

native support for collections, maps (key/value)

and embedded documentsno more additional tables to handle them


Schema-mixed

schema with mandatory and optional fields + constraints

the best of schema-less and schema-full modes


ACID Transactionsdb.begin();

try{ // your code ... db.commit();

} catch( Exception e ) { db.rollback();}


SQLselect * from employee where name like '%Jay%' and

status=0



SELECT SUM(price) as prices, SUM(cost) as costs, prices-costs, margin/price FROM Balance

VSfunction (key, values) { var price = 0.0, cost = 0.0, margin = 0.0, marginPercent = 0.0; for (var i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { price += values[i].price; cost += values[i].cost; } margin = price - cost; marginPercent = margin / price; return { price: price, cost: cost, margin: margin, marginPercent: marginPercent };}

SQL & relationships

select from Account where address.city.country.name = 'Italy'

select from Account where addresses contains (city.country.name = 'Italy')


SQL & schema-less

select from Profile where any() like '%Jay%'

select from Stock where all() is not null


HTTP RESTfulfirewall friendlyuse it from the web

browseruse it from the ESB (SOA)


NativeJSON


{ '@rid' = '26:10', '@class' = 'Developer', 'name' : 'Luca', 'surname' : 'Garulli', 'out' : [ #10:33, #10:232 ]}

Binary protocolavailable for Java

and soon C, C++ and Ruby


MVRB-Tree indexthe best of B+Tree and RB-Tree

fast on browsing, low insertion cost


Hookssimilar to triggers

catch events against records, database and transactions

implement custom cascade deletion

algorithm

enforce constraints


Securityusers and roles, encrypted

passwordsfine grain privileges


Multi-Master architecture

any node can read/write to the database

this scale up horizontly

adding nodes is straightforward

Leader Node

The actors

Any server node in the cluster. Has a permanentconnection to the Leader Node

Synchronous mode replication.

Asynchronous mode replication.

Peer Node

Only 1 per Leader per cluster, checks other nodes andnotify changes to other Peer Nodes.

Clients are connected to Server Nodes no matter if Leaderor Peer

Client

Database Database, where data are stored

Cluster auto-discoveringAt start up each Server Node sends a IP Multicast message in broadcast

todiscover if any Leader Node is available to join the cluster.

DBDBDBDBDBDB

DBDBDBDBDBDB

Server #1

(Leader)

Server #2

(Peer)

One Leader Multiple PeersThe first node to start is always the Leader but in case of failure can be

electedany other.

DBDBDBDBDBDB

DBDBDBDBDBDBDBDBDBDBDB

Server #1

(Leader)

Server #2

(Peer)

Server #3

(Peer)

SecurityTo join a cluster the Server Node has to configure the cluster name

and passwordBroadcast messages are encrypted using the password

DBDBDBDBDBDB

Server #1

(Leader)

Server #2

(Peer)

Join the clusterONLY

If knows the nameand password

Multiple clustersMultiple separate clusters can coexist in the same network

Clusters can't see each others. Are separated boxesWhat identify a cluster is name + password

Server #1

(Leader)Server #2

(Peer)Server

#3(Peer)

Cluster 'A', password 'aaa'

Server #1

(Leader)Server #2

(Peer)Server

#3(Peer)

Cluster 'B', password 'bbb'

Synchronous ReplicationGuarantees two databases are always consistent

More expensive than asynchronous

Server #1

Server #2

DB-1 DB-2

Synchronous Replicationsteps

Server #1

DB-2

Server #2

1) Update record request

2) Update record to DB-1

3) Propagates the update

5) Sends back OK to Server #1 4) update record to DB-2

Client #1

6) Sends back OK to Client #1

DB-1

Asynchronous ReplicationChanges are propagated without waiting for the

answerTwo databases could be not consistent in the range

of few ms

Server #1

Server #2

DB-1 DB-2

Asynchronous Replicationsteps

(4a and 4b are executed in parallel)

Server #1

Client #1

1) Update record request

2) Update record to DB-1

3) Propagates the update

4b) update record to DB-2

4a) Sends back OK to Client #1

DB-2

Server #2

DB-1

Conflict ManagementThe conflicts resolution strategy can be

plugged by providing implementations of the OReplicationConflictResolver interface

DB-2

Server #2

Conflict Strategy

Conflict ManagementDefault strategy

DB-2

Server #2

Conflict Log

Default implementation:Conflict mark is createdand conflict should be

resolved manually

DefaultConflict Strategy

Graph Database model

wrapper on top of Document Database

Few simple concepts: Vertex, Edge,

Property and Indexwww.orientechnologies.com


OGraphDatabaseNative, damn fast, not the most beautiful

API

2 different API

OrientGraphTinkerPop Blueprints, slowest but:

common to other impls, Gremlin, SPARQL

All APIsare compatibleamong them!So use the right one

for the right case

TinkerPop technologies

sort of “standard” for GraphDBa lot of free open-source projects

http://tinkerpop.com


http://tinkerpop.com/

TinkerPop Blueprintsbasic API to interact with GraphDB

implements transactional andindexable property graph model

bidirectional edges


TinkerPop Gremli

scripting language

easy to learn and understandUsed for operations against graphs


g.v(89).outE('followed_by').inV.outE('sung_by')

.inV.has('name','Garcia').back(3).name


OgraphVertex (V)

PersonAddress : Address

Inheritance

Customer

totSold : float

Provider

totBuyed : float

OgraphEdge (E)

Works

since : Date

Resides

since : Date

till : Date

Knows

Level : LEVELS

Vehiclebrand : BRANDS

Polymorphic SQL Query

List<ODocument> result = database.query( new OSQLSynchQuery(

"select from Person where city.name = 'Rome'" ));


Queries are polymorphicsand subclasses of Person can be

part of result set

Fetch plansChoose what to fetch on query and vertexes/edges

loadingVertexes/Edges not fetched will be lazy-loaded on

requestOptimizes network latency


Fetch plansVertex Luca | | lives city +---------> Vertex ------------> Vertex | 10th street Italy | knows +--------->* [Vertex Vertex Vertex ] [ Marko John Nicholas]


Load only the root vertex= *:1



Load root + address= *:1 lives:2



Load root + all known= *:1 knows:1



Load up 3rd level of depth= *:3

ConsoleORIENT database v.1.0.0 www.orientechnologies.comType 'help' to display all the commands supported.

> connect remote:localhost/demo admin adminConnecting to database [remote:localhost/demo] with user 'admin'...OK

> select from profile where nick.startsWith('L')---+--------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ #| REC ID |NICK |SEX |AGE |---+--------+--------------------+--------------------+--------------------+ 0| 10:0|Lvca |male |34 1| 10:3|Leo |male |22 2| 10:7|Luisa |female |273 item(s) found. Query executed in 0.013 sec(s).

> closeDisconnecting from the database [demo]...OK

> quitwww.orientechnologies.com

OrientDB Studio/SQL query


Resultset is editable andchanges are immediately

persistent!

OrientDB Studio/View graph


Upcoming featuresNew hash Indexes,

query performance boost,

data consistency check,

new transaction lock mechanics,

object DB improvements

Production usage

Finance Solutions Of America

NuvolaBase.com(b

eta)


The firstGraph

Databaseon the Cloud

always availablefew seconds to setup

ituse it from app &

mobile

User’s reasons to chose Only one graph DB with cloud computing

support, high flexibility of data format, powerful data analyzes (SQL + Gremlin), JDBC driver, huge reduction of integration

time, good technical support.

Module OrientDB Neo4j DEX

Release 1.0-SNAPSHOT 1.7M03 4.5.1

VertexTestSuite 11,628.98 30,535.02 4,686.65

EdgeTestSuite 7,712.06 41,206.89 58,671.90

GraphTestSuite 9,073.09 55,102.35 7,428.25

IndexableGraphTestSuite 4,620.61 11,299.02 1070.75

IndexTestSuite 2,072.23 5,239.92 not supported

AutomaticIndexTestSuite 3,252.48 9,402.59 not supported

TransactionGraphTestSuite 7,659.67 22,787.29 not supported

GraphMLReaderTestSuite 4,064.23 5,440.67 not supported

Blueprints microbenchmarks

git clone git://github.com/tinkerpop/blueprints.git mvn clean install

Always

FreeOpen Source Apache 2

licensefree for any purposes,

even commercialswww.orientechnologies.com

No dependencieswith 3rd parties software

no conflicts with other software

just 1 Mb of run-time libraries


Ø configdownload, unzip, run!

cut & paste the dbwww.orientechnologies.com

Luca GarulliFounder of OrientDB

Andrey LomakinCommitter of OrientDB

Artem OrobetsCommiter of OrientDB


@lgarulli,@Andrey_Lomakin,

@Dr_EniSh

orientdb the graph database

Self Improvement

leader db dbdb db db

leader db dbdbdb db

peerdb db db dbdb db

leader server

conflict strategy db

update server

server nodes

asynchronous server