organizational behaviour

Lesson plan on Organizational Behaviour

General Information:

Name of the teacher:Binal Joshi

Course Management Of Nursing Service And EducationUnit Unit:4

Topic Organizational Behavior

Group of students Seven Semester students

No. of students in group 60

Date

Time (1.5 hour)

Venue Classroom

Previous knowledge of the group

Teaching method Lecture cum Discussion

Audio-Visual Aids Black board and PPT

Central Objective : After completion of the class students will be able to gain knowledge and understanding about organizational Behavior

Specific objectives: After completion of the topic students will be able to…

1. To introduce organizational behavior.2. To define Organizational Behavior3. To relate nature of organization4. To introduce the concept of organizational behavior5. To enlist principles of organizational behavior6. To identify steps of organizational process.7. To describe theories of motivation

Lesson Plan on Organizational Behavior

Sr. No.

SpecificObjective

Content Time(Min.)

Teaching-Learning activities

Evaluation

1. To introduce the concept of organizational behavior.

Introduction:Organizationalbehavior is "the study of human behavior in organizational settings, the interface between human behavior and the organization, and the organization itself

5 Teacher verbally introduced the topic

What do you understand by ‘Organizational Behaviour”

2. To define organizational behaviour

Definition: Different authors have defined organization in different ways. The main definitions of organization are as follows:

According to keith Davis, “Organization may be defined as a group of individuals, large of small, that is cooperating under the direction of executive leadership in accomplishment of certain common object.” According to Chester I. Barnard, “Organization is a system of co-operative activities of two or more persons.” According to Louis A. Allen, “Organization is the process of identifying and grouping the work to be performed, defining and delegating responsibility and authority, and establishing relationship for the purpose of enabling people to work most effectively together in accomplishing objectives.” According to Mooney and Railey, “Organisation is the form of every human association for the attainment of a common purpose.”

10 Teacher defines Organizational Behavior on PPT.

Can you define: “Organizational behavior “?


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_behavior

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_behavior

3. To relate nature of organization

NATURE OF ORGANIZATION

Organisation is the foundation upon which the whole structure of management is built.

Organisation is related with developing a frame work where the total work is divided into manageable components in order to facilitate the achievement of objectives or goals.

Thus, organisation is the structure or mechanism (machinery) that enables living things to work together. In a static sense, an organisation is a structure or machinery manned by group of individuals who are working together towards a common goal.

Organization is the process of dividing and combiningthe activities.It is the process of organization which finds the means, human and material to meet with situation foreseen.

Organization should have four P which form the base of organization as follows

1. P:Purpose2. P:Process3. P:person4. P:place

5 Teacher explains nature with the use of Black Board

Explain nature of organizational behavior

4. To introduce the concept of organizational behavior.

Alike ‘management’, the term ‘organisation’ has also been used in a number of ways. broadly speaking, the term ‘organisation’ is used in four different senses: as a process, as a structure of relationship, as a group of

10 Teacher verbally explains the concept of organisation

Enlist the concepts of organizational behavior


persons and as a system, as given below:1. Organisation as a Process: In this first sense,

organisation is treated as a dynamic process and a managerial activity which is essential for planning the utilization of company’s resources, plant an equipment materials, money and people to accomplish the various objectives.

2. Organisation as a Framework of Relationship: In the second sense organisation refers to the structure of relationships and among position jobs which is created to release certain objectives. For example: According to Mooney and Reily, “Organisation is the form of every human association for the attainment of a common purpose.”

3. Organisation as a Group of persons: In the third sense, organisation is very often viewed as a group of persons contributing their efforts towards certain goals. Organisation begins when people combine their efforts for some common purpose.

4. It is a universal truth that an individual is unable ability and resources. Barnard has defined ‘Organisation’ as an identifiable group of people contributing their efforts towards the attainment of goals.

5. Organisation as a System: In the fourth sense, the organisation is viewed as system. System concepts recognize that organizations are made

with use of blackboard.


up of components each of which has unique properties, capabilities and mutual relationship. The constituent elements of a system are linked together in such complex ways that actions taken by one producer have far reaching effect on others.

6. In short, organizing is the determining, grouping and arranging of the various activities deemed necessary for the attainment of the objectives, the assigning of people to those activities, the providing of suitable physical factors of environment and the indicating of the relative authority delegated to each individual charged with the execution of each respective activity.

5. To enlist principles of organizational behavior

Principles of OrganisationThere is no unanimity as to number of principles of organisation amongst the leading authors on the subject. L.K. Urwick, in his paper ‘Scientific Principles of Organisation’ (1938) and ‘Notes on the Theory of Organisation’ (1952) prescribed ten principles of organisation. Thereafter, many other writers on the subject have added a few more principles of organisation. The main principles of organisation are as follows:

1. The Principle of ObjectiveEvery enterprise, big or small, prescribes certain basic objectives. Organisation serves as a tool in

20 Teacher verbally explains the principles of Organization with use of PPT.

Enlist the principles of Organization.


attaining these prescribed objectives. Every part of the organisation and the organisation as a whole should be geared to the basic objective determined by the enterprise.

2. Principle of SpecializationPrecise division of work facilitates specialization. According to this principles division of work between the employees must be based on their ability, capability, tasks, knowledge and interest. This will ensure specialization and specialization will lead to efficiency, quality and elimination of wastage etc.

3. The Scalar PrincipleThe principle is sometimes known as the ‘chain command’. There must be clear lines of authority running from the top to the bottom of the organisation.

4. The Principle of AuthorityAuthority is the element of organisation structure. It is the tool by which a manager is able to create an environment for individual performance.

5. The Principle of Unity of CommandOne subordinate should be kept in the supervision of one boss only. This principle avoids the possibility of conflicts in instructions and develops the feeling of personnel


responsibility for the work.6. The Principal Span of Control

It is also known as ‘span of management’, ‘span of supervision’ or ‘levels of organisation’, etc.

7. The Principle of DefinitionThe contents of every position should be clearly defined. The duties, responsibilities, authorities and organizational relationship of an individual working on a particular position should be well defined.

8. The Principle of the Unity of DirectionThe basic rationale for the very existence of organisation is the attainment of certain objectives. Major objective should be split into functional activities and there should be one objective and one plan for each group of people.

9. The Principle of Supremacy of Organisation ObjectivesThe organisation goals and objectives should be given wide publicity within the organisation. The people contributing to it, should be made to understand that enterprise objectives are more valuable and significant and one should place one’s personal motives under it.

10. The Principle of BalanceIn every organisation structure there is need for balance. For effective grouping and assigning activities, this principle calls for putting balance on all types of factors human, technical as well as


financial.11. The Principle of Human Element

This principle indicates that the success or failure of an enterprise largely depends on the handling of human element. If the organisation has sound labor policies along with a number of welfare activities it is bound to succeed.

12. The Principle of DisciplineAccording to his principle, it is the responsibility of the management to maintain proper discipline in the enterprise. Fayol considered discipline as ‘respect for agreements which are directed at achieving obedience, application, energy and outward mark of respect.”

6. To identify steps in process of organisation

Steps in the Process of OrganisationOrganisation means identifying, arranging and integrating different elements of organisation into efficient working order. It requires the management to follow the following process of organisation.

Division of workThe main function is divided into sub-functions and entrusted to the different departmental heads. The result is the establishment of departments like Purchase, Sales, Production, Accounts, Publicity and Public relations. The departments can be further classified just as production department into (1) Planning (2) Designing, (3) Operations, (4) Production

15 Teacher verbally explains the steps in Process of organization with use of PPT.

Explain with example “Delegation of Authority”.


Control and (5) Repairs and Maintenance. The division of the work is based upon the fact that specialization is keynote of efficient organisation.

Grouping of Job and DepartmentationThe second step is to group similar or related jobs into larger units, called departments, divisions or sections. Grouping process is called departmentation.The department may be based upon functions such as manufacturing, marketing and financing etc. Department may also be based on products, such as textiles, cosmetic, stationery etc. These departments may have different sections as per requirement.Grouping jobs or Departmentation aims at achieving coordination and facilitates unity of efforts. The departments are linked together on the basis of interdependence. The divided task is assigned to specific individual or group of individuals who are supposed to be the most qualified and specialized persons for the task.

Assigning dutiesThe work to be performed by every individual is clearly defined and made known to him. Every one must know, what he is required to do in order to avoid any misunderstanding, duplication or overlapping in the work.

Granting authorities and fixing


responsibilitiesAssigning of duties to individuals must coincide with the appropriate and relevant authorities. Every employee must know, what the authorities granted to him and for what and to whom he will be responsible, liable and accountable.

Delegation of authorityThose who are made responsible for specific tasks are given due authority. Both responsibility and authority go hand in hand together. Reasonable powers are delegated to heads and supervisory staff to enable them to do their work with ease and efficiency.

Effective communicationEffective communication is the keynote of efficient organisation. There should be proper arrangement of communication messages from executives to subordinates and vice-versa. Proper communication system establishes harmonious relationship between employees and enables execution of work in the right manner at the appropriate time and in an atmosphere of perfect mutual adjustment.

Co-ordination of activities for common objectives

Business activity is a team work or the group activity, so the efforts of every employee must be co-ordinate effectively to achieve the common objectives of the


enterprise.

7. To describe Classical theory of Organization

Classical Theory of Organization

Bureaucratic Organizational Model - Max WeberThis formal model includes(1) a hierarchical arrangement with separation of

authority,(2) task specialization among employees (division of

labor), (3) Hiring of professional personnel based on

technical knowledge, (4) separation of personal & organizational property and,(5) Implicit rules and regulations that govern official

decisions and actions. The intent is to maximize rational decision-making and facilitate increased efficiency.It is based on rational-legal authority rather than

power and persuasion. Rational legal authority is a belief that laws can be enacted and changed by formally correct procedures.This organizational model has drawn the following

criticisms: (1) Hierarchical authority can perpetuate rigidity and

adherence to rules,(2) The impersonal focus can result in low morale and

alienation, (3) Division of labor can stifle initiative and,(4) Informal relationships and individual needs are

ignored.

7 Teacher verbally explains the theory Classical Theory of Organization with use of PPT

Explain Scientific Management – by Frederick W. Taylor


Scientific Management - Frederick W. TaylorThis perspective focuses on increasing efficiency

and maximizing human productivity by identifying the "best" way to do a job. Scientific analysis and time and motion studies were used to identify and help eliminate muscular and physiological activities that lead to worker fatigue. In an effort to optimize work performance, pay was linked to output. This theory has been criticized because it embodies a mechanistic view of workers as extensions of machines.

8. To describe theory of “Human Relations Approach”

Human Relations Approach

The focus in this organizational theory is on the social and affective needs of employees and emphasizes the importance of feelings, attitudes and social climate of organizations.Although the basic organizational structure may resemble a bureaucratic model, informal interactions that exist outside bureaucratic norms or formal dimensions of an organization are identified.

Employees whose social and psychological needs have been fulfilled are motivated to work more productively. The impact of human relations on employee productivity has been demonstrated in two studies. The results are known as the Hawthorne Effect.

The first experiment investigated the effect of increased light on productivity. The results showed that increased productivity was due to subjects'

7 Teacher verbally explains the theory Human Relation Theory of Organization with use of PPT

Explain Hawthorne Effect.


responses to attention and novelty of the experiment and not to an increase or decrease in light.

The second experiment (bank-wiring room), investigated the relationship between increased financial incentives and productivity. Results showed that workers establish informal standards that define a "satisfactory" day's work. Production greater or less than standard was unacceptable to the group.

These two experiments showed that(1) group norms are equal to or greater than

managerial or administrative norms in importance in determining a productivity level,

(2) noneconomic rewards can increase productivity, and

(3) Group satisfaction and commitment are enhanced through participatory decision making.

The Hawthorne studies also showed that leadership style has an effect on group performance. A "democratic" style was found to be more effective for group performance than either a "laissez-faire" or "authoritarian" style. Leaders who give equal attention to initiating structure (task performance) and consideration (friendship, trust, respect, warmth, and concern) tend to be more effective as measured by worker satisfaction and performance. Within groups, there exists a both formal and informal leader. Formal appointed leaders are concerned with task performance while informal leaders emerge for the group and attend to the group's social and


psychological needs.9. To describe

theory of system approach

Systems Approach

Systems can be viewed from three different perspectives: biological (living organisms), mechanical (automobiles), and social (organizations).Within each of these perspectives, there are two basic system types: closed and open.Closed systems, like the bureaucratic and human relations models, have impenetrable boundaries and derive few inputs from environment. Although thought to be self-sufficient, these systems can experience entropy, a movement to disorder, lack of resource transformation, and eventually death. In contrast, open systems have permeable boundaries exchanging resources with the environment. Homeostasis exists when the system is stable and there is a balance or equilibrium between environmental resources and the system. Disequilibrium results when the system is unable to use resources as they are received from the environment or when its subsystems are out of balance. One criticism of the systems approach is that it fails to adequately account for change that results from interactions between people.Open Systems ApproachThe open systems approach to organizational theory emerged in the 1960s. Organizations were viewed as open systems that interact with the environments in which they exist. The relationship of organizational

5 Teacher verbally explains the theory with use of ppt.

Explain system Approach.


parts and the link between the organization and its larger environment was stressed. The input-throughput-output model was used to describe this approach. Organizations maintain themselves by processing inputs from their environment and converting them into outputs.

Assignment to the students : Write down the Scientific Management of Physiological Organization Theory.

Date of Submission :

Bibliography :

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Printers,Banglore:2013.3. Mary Lucita,”Nursing Practice and PublicHealth Administration”,Second edition,ELSEVIER,New

Delhi:2007 4. Neelam Kumari,”A textbook Of Management of Nursing Services and Education “,First edition, P V

Books:2011.(as per INC Syllabus)5. Neelam Kumari,”A textbook Of Management of Nursing Services and Education “,First edition, P V

Books:2011.6. Patricia Kelly, “Leadership and Management in Nursing” First edition, DELMAR CENGAGE

learning,Australia:2008.7. Swinder Kaur,”A Professional Adjustment ward Management and Trends in Nursing “,Second edition, Lotus

publishers, Jalandhar::2011. 8. Shabnam Masih, ”Nursing Managemnet-In Service And Education” first edition, Lotus

publishers,Jalandhar::2011.


organizational behaviour

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