1. Pioneers

2. Muhammad yasir Mohsin mumtaz Hameed sadiq Shahzad ahmed Umer jawad Muhammad muhayyudin 3. Organizational behavior 4. ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOR & CHARACTER 5. Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structures have on behavior within an organization for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving an organization's effectiveness. ... 6. Individual behavior can be understood by three models: (a) Basic model of behavior (b) S-R model of behavior (c) MARS model of behavior 7. Stimulus cause GOAL NEED WANT TENSION DISCOMFORT 8. Stimulus environment Physiological process Cognitive process Responses pattern of behavior 9. Historical evolution of organizational behavior 10. Scientific management approach Bureaucratic approach Hawthorne studies 11. Developed by F.W Taylor at the beginning of 20th century. Principles : 1. Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with scientifically studied 2. Scientifically select, train and develop each worker 3. Cooperate with the workers 4. Divide work equally between managers and workers 12. Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with scientifically studied Scientifically select, train and develop each worker Cooperate with the workers Divide work equally between managers and workers 13. The approach is presented by max weber. Focus on how to structure the whole organization more effectively. 14. The Hawthorne studies were conducted in order to find out the role of human resource in increasing the production of an organization. 15. Conducted between 1924-1932 Conducted at WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY, Chicago, USA Conducted by, Elton Mayo White Head Roethlisberger 16. Provides opportunity to management. To analyze why and how an individual behaves. Organizational behavior integrates factors to provide simplicity in understanding the human behavior 17. Interpersonal level Group level Inter-group level Controlling and directing behavior Use of power and sanction Leadership Communication Organizational climate Organizational adaption 18. Personality is made up the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. It arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life. 19. A number of different theories have emerged to explain different aspects of personality. The following are just a few of the major theories of personality proposed by different psychologists 20. In 1936,psychologist Gordon Allport found that one english-language dictionary alone contained more than 4000 words describing different personality traits. He categorized these traits into three levels : Cardinal traits Central traits Secondary traits 21. Trait theorist Raymond Cattell reduced the number of main personality traits from allports list of over 4000 down to 171. 22. 1. Abstractedness 2. Apprehension 3. Dominance 4. Emotional stability 5. Liveliness Imaginative versus practical. Worried versus confident. Forceful versus submissive. Calm versus high strung. Spontaneous versus restrained. 23. 6. Openness to change 7. Perfectionism 8. Privateness 9. Reasoning 10. Rule consciousness Flexible versus attached to the familiar. Controlled versus undisciplined. Discreet versus open. Abstract versus concret. Conforming versus non-conforming. 24. 11. Self reliance 12. Sensitivity 13. Social boldness 14. Tension 15. Vigilance 16. warmth Self-sufficient versus dependent. Tender-hearted versus tough-minded. Uninhibited versus shy. Impatient versus relaxed. Suspicious versus trusting. Outgoing versus reserved. 25. British psychologist hans eysenck developed a model of personality based upon just three universal traits. These are three dimensions : 1. Introversion /extraversion 2. Neuroticism /emotional stability 3. Psychoticism