organizational behavior dr. chandan kumar sahoo m.phil., ph.d
TRANSCRIPT
Organizational Behavior
DR. CHANDAN KUMAR SAHOOM.Phil., Ph.D.
Organizational Behavior
The study of individual behavior and group dynamics in organizations
Elements of OB
Task – an organization’s mission, purpose, or goal for existing
People – the human resources of the organizationStructure – the manner in which an organization’s work
is designed at the micro level; how departments, divisions, and the
overall organization are designed at the macro level
Environment – Both Internal and External
Technology – the tools, knowledge, and/or techniques used to transform inputs into outputs
Psychosocial
BehavioralInterpersonal
Organizational Behavior: Dynamics in Organizations
OrganizationalBehavior
Open Systems View of Organization
Outputs: Products Services
Inputs:MaterialCapitalHuman
Task environment:CompetitorsUnionsRegulatory agenciesClients
Organizational Boundary
People(Actors)People(Actors)
Structure
Task Technology
OrganizationalDesign
JobsWorkDesign
PerformanceAppraisal
OrganizationalStructure
Organizational Variables that Affect Human Behavior
Communication
HumanBehavior
Psychology the science
of human behavior
Management the study of overseeing
activities and supervising people in organizations
Anthropologythe science of
the learned behavior of
human beings
Medicine the applied science
of healing or treatment of diseases
to enhance an individual’s health and
well-being
Engineering the applied
science of energy &
matter
Sociology the science
of society
Interdisciplinary Influences on Organizational
Behavior
Formal & Informal Elements of Organizations
Formal organization (overt)
Goals and objectivesPolicies and procedures
Job descriptionsFinancial resourcesAuthority structure
Communication channelsProducts and services
Formal organization (overt)
Goals and objectivesPolicies and procedures
Job descriptionsFinancial resourcesAuthority structure
Communication channelsProducts and services
Informal organization (covert)
Beliefs and assumptions Perceptions and attitudes
ValuesFeelings, such as fear, joy
anger, trust, and hopeGroup norms
Informal leaders
Informal organization (covert)
Beliefs and assumptions Perceptions and attitudes
ValuesFeelings, such as fear, joy
anger, trust, and hopeGroup norms
Informal leaders
Formal vs. Informal Organization
Formal Organization – the official, legitimate, and most visible part of the system
Informal Organization – the unofficial and less visible part of the system
Learning about Organizational Behavior
Learning Activity
Development of specific skills and abilities
Development of specific skills and abilities
Mastery ofbasic objective
knowledge
Application of knowledge
and skills
Application of knowledge
and skills
ScienceScience
The Real WorldThe Real World
YouYou
Theories, Research, Articles
Organizational and Work Context
Exercises, Questionnaires
• OB is directly concerned with the understanding, prediction and control of human behaviour in organizations (Luthans).
• OB – The study and application of knowledge how people act or behave within organization. It is a human tool for human benefit. (Davis & Newstrom)
• OB is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and structure have on behaviour within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving on organization’s effectiveness. (Robbins)
OB
GroupsIndividuals
Structure
Nature of OB
• A separate field of study and not a discipline only
• An interdisciplinary approach (Psychology, Sociology and Anthropology)
• An applied science• A normative science• A humanistic & optimistic approach• A total system approach
Scope of OB
OB
Individuals
- Personality- Perception- Attitudes- Motivation- Job Satisfaction- Learning- Values
Groups
- Group Dynamics- Group Conflicts- Communication- Leadership- Power & Politics
Structure
- Org. Str.- Culture- Change- Development
Foundations of OB
OB is based on few fundamental concepts which revolve around the nature of people and organization
1. Individual Differences
2. A whole person
3. Caused behaviour
4. Human dignity
5. Organizations are social system
6. Mutuality of interest
7. Need for management
Importance of OB
1. OB provides a road map to our lives in organizations.
2. OB uses scientific research to help us understand and predict organization life.
3. OB helps us to influence organizational events.
4. OB helps an individual to understand himself/herself and others better.
5. OB will help the manager to understand the basics of motivation.
6. OB useful for maintaining cordial industrial relations.
Basic Process of OB
Problem Prevention
UNDERSTANDING
- How strong are they?
- How do they interrelate?
PREDICTION
- What pattern of behaviour are present?
- What is the cause-effect relationship?
CONTROLLING
- What solutions are possible?
- Which variables can be influenced?
- How can they be influenced?
Approaches to the study of OB
OBSystems
Approach InteractionalismApproach
ContingencyApproach
ProductivityApproach
HRApproach
Models of OB
Autocratic Custodial Supportive Collegial
Basis of model
Power Economic sources
Leadership Partnership
Managerial orientation
Authority Money Support Teamwork
Employee orientation
Obedience Security and benefits
Job performance
Responsible behaviour
Employee psychological result
Dependence on boss
Dependence on organization
Participation Self-discipline
Employee needs met
Subsistence Security Status & recognition
Self-actualization
Performance result
Minimum Passive cooperation
Awakened drives
Moderate enthusiasm
Foundations of Individual Behaviour
Stages in Organizational Life
Models of Individual Behaviour
• Theory X & Theory Y Model
• Economic & Self-Actualizing Model
• Behaviouristic & Humanistic Model- individuals can be describes solely in
terms of behaviour (behaviouristic)- individuals are more philosophical than scientific (humanistic)
• Rational and Emotional Model
Concluding remarks
• Personal factors such as age, sex, education, abilities, marital status, and dependents will have significant influence on the behaviour of an individual.
• Environmental factors include economic status, social and cultural norms, and political factors. These also wield considerable influence on individual behaviour.
• Organizational systems and resources include such variables as physical facilities, organization structure and design, leadership rewards and work itself. The influence of all these on the behaviour of an individual is no less significant.
• More important are psychological factors like personality, perception, learning, and attitudes. Because of their significance in determining one’s behaviour, each of these factors is considered separately in the following chapters.
• The famous Theory X and Theory Y, along with other models, seek to explain the behaviour of an individual.