organic/nuclear chemistry after school regents review practice

Organic/Nuclear Chemistry After School Regents Review Practice

A) C2H2 B) C2H4 C) C3H4 D) C3H8

1. Which formula represents an alkane?

A) B)C) D)

2. Which condensed structural formula represents anunsaturated compound?

A) B) C) D)

3. Which formula represents an organic compound?

A) 3-heptyne B) 4-heptyneC) 3-heptene D) 4-heptene

4. A hydrocarbon molecule has seven carbon atoms in astraight chain. There is a double bond between thethird carbon atom and the fourth carbon atom in thechain. The IUPAC name for this hydrocarbon is

A) 6 B) 2 C) 3 D) 8

5. What is the number of electrons shared in the multiplecarbon-carbon bond in one molecule of 1-pentyne?

A) butanal B) butyneC) 2-butanol D) 2-butanone

6. Which compound is classified as a hydrocarbon?

A) numbers of carbon atomsB) numbers of oxygen atomsC) types of functional groupsD) types of radioactive isotopes

7. Butanal, butanone, and diethyl ether have differentproperties because the molecules of each compounddiffer in their

A) nitrogen B) oxygenC) carbon D) sulfur

8. Which element is present in all organic compounds?

A) methanol and methanalB) propanoic acid and pentanoic acidC) 1-propanol and 2-propanolD) 1-chloropropane and 2-bromopropane

9. Which compounds are isomers of each other?

A) B)C) D)

10. Which compound yields H+ ions as the only positiveions in an aqueous solution?

A) butyl B) ethylC) methyl D) propyl

11. Given the formula for an organic compound:

What is the name given to the group in the box?


Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the graph below and on your knowledge of chemistry.

A) At 101.3 kPa, water has a higher boiling point than 1-butanol.B) At 101.3 kPa, water has a lower boiling point than ethanol.C) The greater the number of carbon atoms per alcohol molecule, the lower the boiling point of the

alcohol.D) The greater the number of carbon atoms per alcohol molecule, the higher the boiling point

of the alcohol.

12. What can be concluded from this graph?

A) the number of isomers for each alcoholB) the number of � groups for each carbon atom in each alcohol moleculeC) the location of an group on one end of the carbon chain in each alcohol moleculeD) the location of an � group in the middle of the carbon chain in each alcohol molecule

13. What is represented by the number "1" in the IUPAC name for three of these alcohols?


A) propane B) propanalC) propanol D) propanone

14. Given the formula:

What is the chemical name of this compound?

A) butanal B) butanolC) butanone D) butanoic acid

15. Given the formula for a compound:

A chemical name for this compound is

A) fluorine B) hydrogenC) nitrogen D) oxygen

16. Which atom is bonded to the carbon atom in thefunctional group of a ketone?

A)

B)

C)

D)

17. Which formula represents a molecule of2-chlorobutane?

A) aldehyde B) amideC) ester D) ether

18. Ethanoic acid and 1-butanol can react to producewater and a compound classified as an

A) aldehyde B) alcoholC) amine D) ether

19. Which class of organic compounds containsnitrogen?

A) CH3CHO B) CH3OCH3

C) CH3COCH3 D) CH3COOCH3

20. Which compound is classified as an ether?

A) B)

C) D)

21. Which formula represents the product of the additionreaction between ethene and chlorine, Cl2?

A) addition B) esterificationC) polymerization D) substitution

22. Given the equation representing a reaction:

What type of reaction is represented by thisequation?

A) deposition and saponificationB) deposition and transmutationC) polymerization and saponificationD) polymerization and transmutation

23. Two types of organic reactions are

A) esterification B) fermentationC) saponification D) substitution

24. A reaction between an alcohol and an organic acid isclassified as


A) ethanol and carbon dioxideB) ethanol and waterC) sugar and carbon dioxideD) sugar and water

25. What are the two main products of a fermentationreaction?

A) carbon monoxide and waterB) carbon dioxide and waterC) carbon monoxide and carbon dioxideD) carbon dioxide and carbon

26. When hydrocarbons burn completely in an excess ofoxygen, the products are

A) esterification B) fermentationC) polymerization D) saponification

27. Which reaction results in the production of soap?

Base your answers to questions 28 through 30 on the information below and on your knowledge ofchemistry.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer used to make drain pipes, flooring, electric wireinsulation, and some plastic bottles. Making PVC requires several reactions. The first step isrepresented by the equation below.

The 1,2-dichloroethane is converted to vinyl chloride. To produce PVC, the vinyl chloridemonomer is polymerized, as represented by the equation below.

28. State the number of electrons shared between the carbon atoms in a molecule of vinyl chloride.

29. Draw a structural formula for the product of equation 1.

30. Explain, in terms of chemical bonds, why the hydrocarbon in equation 1 is unsaturated.


Base your answers to questions 31 and 32 on the information below and on your knowledge ofchemistry.

Table sugar, sucrose, is a combination of two simple sugars, glucose and fructose. The formulas belowrepresent these simple sugars.

31. Explain, in terms of atoms and molecular structure, why glucose and fructose are isomers of eachother.

32. Identify the functional group that appears more than once in the fructose molecule.

A) 137Cs B) 53Fe C) 220Fr D) 3H

33. A sample of which radioisotope emits particleshaving the greatest mass?

A) alpha particle, beta particle, gamma rayB) alpha particle, gamma ray, beta particleC) gamma ray, alpha particle, beta particleD) gamma ray, beta particle, alpha particle

34. Which list of nuclear emissions is arranged in orderfrom the greatest penetrating power to the leastpenetrating power?

A) radioactive decayB) nuclear fusionC) chemical decompositionD) thermal conductivity

35. An unstable nucleus spontaneously releases apositron. This is an example of

A)B)C)D)

36. Which balanced equation represents a spontaneousradioactive decay?

A) the same charge and the same massB) the same charge and different massesC) different charges and the same massD) different charges and different masses

37. Positrons and beta particles have

A) an alpha particle B) a beta particleC) a neutron D) a positron

38. When an atom of the unstable isotope Na-24 decays,it becomes an atom of Mg-24 because the Na-24atom spontaneously releases


A) A neutron has less mass than a positron.B) A beta particle has less mass than a neutron.C) An alpha particle has less mass than a positron.D) An alpha particle has less mass than a beta

particle.

39. Which statement describes the relative masses oftwo different particles?

A) 0.35 g B) 0.70 gC) 1.40 g D) 2.80 g

40. What is the mass of an original 5.60-gram sample ofiron-53 that remains unchanged after 25.53 minutes?

A) 14C B) 37Ca C) 53Fe D) 42K

41. Which radioisotope has the fastest rate of decay?

A) the same decay mode but different half-livesB) the same decay mode and the same half-lifeC) different decay modes and different

half-livesD) different decay modes but the same half-life

42. Which phrase describes the decay modes and thehalf-lives of K-37 and K-42?

A) 1/2 B) 1/4 C) 1/8 D) 1/16

43. A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 2.5 years.Which fraction of the original mass remainsunchanged after 10. years?

A) a longer half-life and the same decay modeB) a longer half-life and a different decay modeC) a shorter half-life and the same decay modeD) a shorter half-life and a different decay mode

44. Compared to the half-life and decay mode of thenuclide , the nuclide has

A) B) C) D)

45. Given the equation representing a nuclear reaction:

The particle represented by X is

A) combustion B) decompositionC) saponification D) transmutation

46. Given the balanced equation representing a reaction:

Which type of reaction is represented by thisequation?

A) Small amounts of energy are converted intolarge amounts of matter.

B) Small amounts of matter are converted intolarge amounts of energy.

C) Heavy nuclei are split into lighter nuclei.D) Light nuclei are combined into heavier nuclei.

47. What occurs in both fusion and fission reactions?

A) decomposition B) esterificationC) fermentation D) fission

48. Which reaction releases the greatest amount ofenergy per mole of reactant?

A) fission B) fusionC) deposition D) evaporation

49. Given the diagram representing a reaction:

Which type of change is represented?


A) distillation of ethanolB) filtration of a mixtureC) fusion of hydrogen atomsD) ionization of cesium atoms

50. Which process converts mass into energy?

A) require elements with large atomic numbersB) create radioactive productsC) use radioactive reactantsD) combine light nuclei

51. Fission and fusion reactions both release energy.However, only fusion reactions

A)B)C)D)

52. Which balanced equation represents nuclear fusion?

A) a chemical reaction and mass being converted to energyB) a chemical reaction and energy being converted to massC) a nuclear reaction and mass being converted to energyD) a nuclear reaction and energy being converted to mass

53. Given the equation representing a reaction where the masses are expressed in atomic mass units:

hydrogen-2 + hydrogen-1 helium-3 + 8.814 × 10-16 kJ2.014 102 u 1.007 825 u 3.016 029 u

Which phrase describes this reaction?

A) carbon-14 B) cobalt-60C) iodine-131 D) uranium-238

54. Which radioisotope is used to determine the age ofonce-living organisms?

A) I-131 B) U-238C) Ca-37 D) Fr-220

55. Which radioisotope is used in dating geologicalformations?

A) U-238 B) Pb-206C) I-131 D) Co-60

56. Which radioisotope is used for diagnosing thyroiddisorders?

A) depletion of atmospheric hydrogen (H2)B) depletion of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2)C) production of wastes needing long-term

storageD) production of wastes that cool surrounding

water supplies

57. Which phrase describes a risk associated withproducing energy in a nuclear power plant?



The diagram below shows the first three steps in the uranium-238 radioactive decay series.

The decay mode for the first and third steps is shown above the arrows. The decay mode forthe second step is not shown in the diagram. Thorium-234 has a half-life of 24.10 days.

58. Determine the total time that must elapse until only of an original sample of Th-234 remainsunchanged.

59. Identify the decay mode particle emitted from the Th-234.

60. Explain, in terms of neutrons and protons, why U-238 and U-234 are different isotopesof uranium.

Base your answers to questions 61 through 64 on the information below and on your knowledge ofchemistry.The isotope Rn-222 is produced by the decay of uranium in Earth's crust. Some of this isotope leaksinto basements of homes in areas where the ground is more porous. An atom of Rn-222 decays to anatom of Pb-206 through a series of steps as shown on the graph below.

61. Explain, in terms of elements, why the decay of Bi-210 is considered a transmutation.

62. Determine the fraction of an original sample of Rn-222 that remains unchanged after 7.646 days.

63. Complete the nuclear equation in your answer booklet for the decay of Po-218 by writing a notationfor the missing product.

64. Determine the number of neutrons in an atom of Pb-214.


Base your answers to questions 65 and 66 on the information below and on your knowledge ofchemistry.

Nuclear fission reactions can produce different radioisotopes. One of these radioisotopes isTe-137, which has a half-life of 2.5 seconds. The diagram below represents one of the manynuclear fission reactions.

65. Complete the nuclear equation below for the beta decay of Zr-97, by writing an isotopic notation forthe missing product.

66. State evidence that this nuclear reaction represents transmutation.


In 1896, Antoine H. Becquerel discovered that a uranium compound could expose aphotographic plate wrapped in heavy paper in the absence of light. It was shown that the uraniumcompound was spontaneously releasing particles and high-energy radiation. Further tests showedthe emissions from the uranium that exposed the photographic plate were not deflected by chargedplates.

67. Determine the number of neutrons in an atom of U-233.

68. Complete the nuclear equation below for the alpha decay of U-238.

69. Identify the highly penetrating radioactive emission that exposed the photographic plates.

Answer KeyOrganic Chemistry and Nuclear Chemistry

1. D2. A3. B4. C5. A6. B7. C8. C9. C10. D11. B12. D13. C14. B15. C16. D17. B18. C19. C20. B21. B22. D23. C24. A25. A26. B27. D28. — 4 or 2 pairs29.

30. — Ethene isclassified as anunsaturatedhydrocarbonbecause eachmolecule contains adouble bond.— There is a C=Cbond in eachmolecule.— Ethene moleculescontain a multiplecarbon-carbon bond.— Less than themaximum numberof hydrogen atomsare bonded to thecarbons.

31. – The number ofeach kind of atom isthe same in both, buttheir structures arenot the same. – Theirmolecular formulasare the same, buttheir structuralarrangement ofatoms is different. –same molecularformula but differentstructural formulas –The only different isthe arrangement ofthe atoms.

32. – –OH – OH –alcohol – hydroxyl –hydroxy group

33. C34. D35. A36. D37. C38. B39. B40. B

41. B42. C43. D44. B45. B46. D47. B48. D49. A50. C51. D52. C53. C54. A55. B56. C57. C58. — 96.40 d59.

60. — An atom ofU-238 has 92protons and 146neutrons. An atomof U-234 also has 92protons but has 142neutrons.— These two atomshave the samenumber of protonsbut a differentnumber of neutrons.

61. Bi-210 has anatomic number of 83and becomes Po-210with an atomicnumber of 84.The number ofprotons in thenucleus changeswhen the bismuthisotope decays.A different elementforms

62. 1/40.250025%

63.64. 13265.

66. — In this reaction,uranium is changingto other elements. —Different elementsare formed. — Oneelement becomestwo new elements.— Two atoms areformed withdifferent atomicnumbers from theU-235.

67. 14168.

69. — gamma radiation— gamma — —X-ray radiation

organic/nuclear chemistry after school regents review practice

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