ORGANIC RICEORGANIC RICEBYBY

V.HARIHARASUDHANV.HARIHARASUDHANBSA-06-627BSA-06-627

what is organic rice?what is organic rice? Organic rice is grown using natural and Organic rice is grown using natural and not chemical fertilizers, which are harmful not chemical fertilizers, which are harmful to health and environment as well. to health and environment as well.

However, producing organic rice is much However, producing organic rice is much more than just using natural or organic more than just using natural or organic fertilizers. fertilizers.

What are the benefits of organic What are the benefits of organic rice?rice?

Free from chemical, Free from chemical, organic rice is fat free and has high organic rice is fat free and has high

carbohydrate content.carbohydrate content. Red and brown rice have higher Red and brown rice have higher

fiber value than white rice. fiber value than white rice. Organic rice has low sugar contentOrganic rice has low sugar content When you eat 45 grams of organic When you eat 45 grams of organic

rice, you only consume 160 calories rice, you only consume 160 calories of carbohydrates.of carbohydrates.

OrganicOrganic RiceRiceproductionproduction

Organic systems avoid the use of Organic systems avoid the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and growth regulators. growth regulators.

Instead they rely on crop rotations,,Instead they rely on crop rotations,, biological pest control biological pest control maintain soil health, maintain soil health, supply plant nutrients, supply plant nutrients, minimize insects, weeds, and other pests. minimize insects, weeds, and other pests.

Weed SuppressionWeed Suppression Weed control and soil fertility are the Weed control and soil fertility are the

principal challenges associated with principal challenges associated with organic rice production. organic rice production.

primary weed-control practices primary weed-control practices include crop rotations, land include crop rotations, land leveling ,seedbed preparation,leveling ,seedbed preparation,

water management,water management, rotary hoeing. rotary hoeing.

Soil FertilitySoil Fertility Maintaining soil fertility in organic cropping Maintaining soil fertility in organic cropping

typically involves some combination of crop typically involves some combination of crop rotation with deep-rooted legume crops or rotation with deep-rooted legume crops or green manure/cover crops,green manure/cover crops,

applying animal manures, composts, and applying animal manures, composts, and other approved organic amendments. other approved organic amendments.

Nitrogen is usually provided through Nitrogen is usually provided through thegrowing of legume cover crops.thegrowing of legume cover crops.

Bone meal is a good source of cheap Bone meal is a good source of cheap phosphorus (with a content of around 12%).phosphorus (with a content of around 12%).

Rice straw and manure are good sources ofRice straw and manure are good sources of potassiumpotassium

Organic manureOrganic manure Organic Manures obtained either Organic Manures obtained either

from cattle or plants.from cattle or plants. Use of organic manures by farmers is Use of organic manures by farmers is

an age-old practice in agriculture.an age-old practice in agriculture. Organic manure's – maintains better Organic manure's – maintains better

structure of soil structure of soil

Geen leaf manureGeen leaf manure (mainly neem, (mainly neem, Pongamia pinnata Pongamia pinnata and and

GlyricidiaGlyricidia) )

Green manureGreen manure (daincha, manila agathi,sunhemp)(daincha, manila agathi,sunhemp)

Insects and DiseasesInsects and Diseases managementmanagement

Rice is grown in flooded fields, insect Rice is grown in flooded fields, insect pests are usually a minor problem pests are usually a minor problem

Fall armyworm and chinchbug are Fall armyworm and chinchbug are easily controlled by a flush of watereasily controlled by a flush of water

Timely planting, variety selection, Timely planting, variety selection, and cultural practices to suppress and cultural practices to suppress weeds control stinkbugs and water weeds control stinkbugs and water weevilsweevils

Biofertilizers for rice cultivation Biofertilizers for rice cultivation

Bio-fertilizer are eco friendly and are Bio-fertilizer are eco friendly and are environmentally safe. environmentally safe.

Biofertilizers are widely used in rice Biofertilizers are widely used in rice production. production.

The biofertilizers used for rice crop are The biofertilizers used for rice crop are Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Blue Azospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Blue green algae azolla and Mycorhiza. green algae azolla and Mycorhiza.

Methods of application of biofertilizersMethods of application of biofertilizers

Azospirillum: Azospirillum: is a symbiotic bacteria and it is is a symbiotic bacteria and it is an important biofertilizers used in rice. an important biofertilizers used in rice. Azospirillum treatment is recommended for seed, Azospirillum treatment is recommended for seed, seedlings and in main field. seedlings and in main field.

Seed treatment: Seed treatment: 600 glha of Azospirillum 600 glha of Azospirillum culture are to be mixed with water where the culture are to be mixed with water where the seeds are soaked one night before sowing in the seeds are soaked one night before sowing in the nursery bed. nursery bed.

Main field: Main field: 2000 glha of Azospirillum with 25 kg farmyard 2000 glha of Azospirillum with 25 kg farmyard

mamure and 25 kg of soil are mixed uniformly mamure and 25 kg of soil are mixed uniformly and broadcasted in the main field before and broadcasted in the main field before transplanting.transplanting.

Seedling treatment: Seedling treatment: A slurry can be prepared by mixing Azospirillum A slurry can be prepared by mixing Azospirillum

at 1000 glha in 40 litres of water and root portion at 1000 glha in 40 litres of water and root portion of transplanted rice seedlings are dipped in of transplanted rice seedlings are dipped in bacterial suspension for 15-30 minutes and then bacterial suspension for 15-30 minutes and then they are transplanted. they are transplanted.

UsesUses Azospirillum bacteria thrives in root zones of rice and Azospirillum bacteria thrives in root zones of rice and

is capable of fixing more atmospheric nitrogen which is capable of fixing more atmospheric nitrogen which is absorbed by the plants.is absorbed by the plants.

Azospirillum also solubilizes phosphorus and silicon to Azospirillum also solubilizes phosphorus and silicon to some extent required by rice. some extent required by rice.

It renders plant drought tolerant when irrigation or It renders plant drought tolerant when irrigation or rainfall is delayed. rainfall is delayed.

By adopting Azospirillum application 30 per cent of By adopting Azospirillum application 30 per cent of the inorganic nitrogen usage can be reduced. the inorganic nitrogen usage can be reduced.

Blue Green Algae (BGA) Blue Green Algae (BGA) Blue Green Algae (BGA) is Blue Green Algae (BGA) is

another type of biofertilizer used another type of biofertilizer used as an alga form. Important as an alga form. Important species are Cyanobacteria, species are Cyanobacteria, Anabaena, Nostoc and Anabaena, Nostoc and Tolypothrix.Tolypothrix.

Blue green algal occurs naturally Blue green algal occurs naturally and comes up well under moist and comes up well under moist conditions. This can also be conditions. This can also be artifially cultured. artifially cultured.

Uses Uses The nitrogen fixed by BGA is about 15 kg/ha The nitrogen fixed by BGA is about 15 kg/ha

over a season. over a season. BGA elaborates vitamin Biz and growth BGA elaborates vitamin Biz and growth

factors that makes the plant grow factors that makes the plant grow vigorously. vigorously.

It oxygenates the water impounded in the It oxygenates the water impounded in the field. field.

It excretes organic acids that renders It excretes organic acids that renders phosphorus solubilisation. phosphorus solubilisation.

The algal mat in paddy fields also protects The algal mat in paddy fields also protects loss of moisture from the soil. loss of moisture from the soil.

Azolla Azolla Azolla is a water fern having an algal Azolla is a water fern having an algal

symbiont Anabaena azolla fixing symbiont Anabaena azolla fixing atmospheric nitrogen. atmospheric nitrogen.

Azolla can be multiplied by Azolla can be multiplied by constructing nurseries with 10 cm constructing nurseries with 10 cm deep standing water and adding deep standing water and adding superhphosphate at 8 kg P2o5/ha in superhphosphate at 8 kg P2o5/ha in small plots. small plots.

It can be applied as green manure It can be applied as green manure prior to rice plantingprior to rice planting

UsesUses Azolla excretes organic nitrogen in water Azolla excretes organic nitrogen in water

during its growth and also immediately during its growth and also immediately upon trampling. upon trampling.

Fern fronds are soft and rapidly Fern fronds are soft and rapidly decomposed. decomposed.

It absorbs traces of potassium from It absorbs traces of potassium from irrigation water. irrigation water.

Azolla provides nitrogen, potassium Azolla provides nitrogen, potassium organic carbon etc. organic carbon etc.

It prevents weed growth in rice field water. It prevents weed growth in rice field water.

Phosphobacteria Phosphobacteria This type of biofertilizers solubilise This type of biofertilizers solubilise

phosphates in the soil and render them in phosphates in the soil and render them in available form for crop plants. It can be available form for crop plants. It can be applied for low land and upland rice.applied for low land and upland rice.

This is applied as the same dose in same This is applied as the same dose in same manner as Azospirillummanner as Azospirillum. .

UsesUses 25 to 50 of the recommended 25 to 50 of the recommended

Phosphorus can be reduced Phosphorus can be reduced depending upon the native depending upon the native phosphorus content of the soil. phosphorus content of the soil.

Mycorrhiza: Mycorrhiza: It occurs naturally in low land and upland It occurs naturally in low land and upland

rice. It mobilizes the phosphorus required rice. It mobilizes the phosphorus required by rice. Mycorrhiza inoculation attempt in by rice. Mycorrhiza inoculation attempt in paddy nursery is still under study by paddy nursery is still under study by Agricultural Universities of India. Agricultural Universities of India.

Since, biofertilizers are ecofriendly inputs Since, biofertilizers are ecofriendly inputs and are safer to the environment, farmers and are safer to the environment, farmers can adopt them and get benefited. can adopt them and get benefited.

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