organic review
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Organic Review. organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon. hydrocarbon. Which type of hydrocarbons are saturated. Single bonded hydrocarbons. Which types of hydrocarbons are unsaturated. Double or triple bonded carbons. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Organic ReviewOrganic ReviewOrganic ReviewOrganic Review
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organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon
hydrocarbon
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Which type of hydrocarbons are saturated
Single bonded hydrocarbons
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Which types of hydrocarbons are unsaturated
Double or triple bonded carbons
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Which are more reactive chemically, saturated hydrocarbons of unsaturated hydrocarbons?
unsaturated
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What is the standard formula of a alkane
CnH2n+2
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What is the standard formula of a alkene
CnH2n
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What is the standard formula of a alkyne
CnH2n-2
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What is the ending for a double bonded hydrocarbon?
ene
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What is the ending for a single bonded hydrocarbon?
ane
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What is the ending for a triple bonded hydrocarbon?
yne
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What is the ending for a carboxylic acid?
Anoic acid
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What is the ending for a ketone
one
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What is the ending for an aldehyde?
al
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What is the ending for a ether
oxy
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What is the ending for an ester
anoate
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What is the ending for an alcohol
ol
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What is the beginning for a 7 carbon chain?
hept
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What is the beginning for a 9 carbon chain?
non
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What is the beginning for a 3 carbon chain?
prop
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What is the beginning for a 4 carbon chain?
but
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What is the beginning for a 5 carbon chain?
pent
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What is the beginning for a 2 carbon chain?
eth
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What is the beginning for a 6 carbon chain?
hex
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What is the beginning for a 1 carbon chain?
meth
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What is the beginning for a 8 carbon chain?
oct
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What is the ending for a carboxylic acid?
Anoic acid
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What is the ending for a alcohol?
ol
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What type of reaction will unsaturated hydrocarbons undergo that saturated hydrocarbons will not?
Addition reactions
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. Write a complete balanced equation for the following addition reaction + Cl2
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.What type of chemical reaction do all hydrocarbons undergo
combustion
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Write the balanced chemical equation for the complete combustion of ethane
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Write a complete balanced equation for the following addition reaction
+ 2 Br2
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How does the length of the carbon chain effect the melting points and boiling points of hydrocarbons?
The longer the carbon chain the higher the melting and boiling points.
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Which of the following would you expect to have the highest boiling point?
(1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (2) CH4
(3) CH3CH3
(1) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
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Are hydrocarbons soluble in water? Why or why not?
They are not soluble in water as they are non-polar.
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What are isomers?
Isomers have the same molecular formula but different molecular
structure. The double or triple bond will be in a different location
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Which of the following pairs represents pairs of isomers?
CH2CH
CH3 CH3
CH
CH2
CH2CH
CH2
CH3CH3CH
CH
CH3
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Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne - propane
alkane
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Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne -
alkene
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Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne - ethyne
alkyne
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Classify each of the following as an alkane, an alkene or an alkyne -
alkyne
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Name the following -
3 - nonyne
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Name the following -
ethene
CH2
CH2
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Name the following -
2 butyne
CH3CC CH3
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Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - butane
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Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 1 – hexene
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Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 2 – pentyne
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Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - ethyne
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Draw the structural formula and give the molecular formula - 4- nonene
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Why is no number used in the names “ethene” and “propene”?
There is only one place you can put the double bond for both molecules.
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Why is the name 3 - pentyne incorrect?
It would be 2 pentyne as you always have to name using the smallest hydrocarbon
chain.
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Describe and explain the relationship between the sizes of hydrocarbon molecules and their boiling points.
The longer the hydrocarbon molecule the higher the melting and boiling point.
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is a method used to separate the components of petroleumIt involves the process of distillation, making use of the differences in boiling points of the different hydrocarbons.
fractional distillation
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To make fuels better for internal combustion engines straight chain hydrocarbons are broken down into shorter branched chain hydrocarbons
process of cracking
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a particular combination of atoms that contributes to the physical and chemical characteristics of a substance
functional group
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What type of functional group does an alcohol contain
OH (hydroxyl) group
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Give the physical properties of alcohols
• polar• higher melting and boiling points
the alkanes of similar chain length• longer the carbon chain is the
higher the boiling point will be
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Write the equation for the complete combustion of methanol.
2CH3OH + 3O2 ===> 2CO2 + 4H2O
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Name the - CH3CH2OH
ethanol
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Name - CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3
2 - butenol
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Name - CH3 CH2 CH2CH(OH) CH2 CH2CH3
4 - heptanol
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Draw the structural formula for - 1 – propanol
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Draw the structural formula for - ethanol
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Draw the structural formula for –, 1 - hexanol
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What type of functional group does an ether
contain?
R – O - R
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. Explain why methanol has a higher melting point than methane.
It contains an hydroxyl so is polar and forms hydrogen bonds and will
therefore take more energy to split the bonds thus causing an higher
melting point.
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Arrange the following compounds in order of increasing boiling point.1 – pentanol, decane, 1 – decanol, pentane
Pentane, 1-pentanol,decane, decanol
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Consider the following two compounds:
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH and CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.Which is an ether and which
is an alcohol• CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol
• CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. - ether
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Which will evaporate at the lower temperature
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH or CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3. - ether
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Which has the higher solubility in a polar solvent - CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH or
CH3CH2CH2OCH2CH2CH3.
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH – alcohol
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What type of functional group does a carboxylic acid
have?
COOH
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What type of chemical reaction is common for
carboxylic acids
Esterfication and neutralization reactions.
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What is the functional group for an ester?
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What are the products and the reactants in an
esterification reaction?
Alcohols + Carboxylic acid -- ester
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. What is the most distinctive property of
esters?
The have a very strong odor.
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What are esters commonly used for?
Cleaning solutions
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What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Using water to break down a compounds into smaller parts.
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What is the functional group for ketones
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What is the functional group for aldehydes
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Draw the structure of butanal.
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Draw the structure for 2-pentanone.
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What is a plastic?
synthetic (man made) polymer
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What are large molecules that are
formed by linking many small molecules together
called:
polymer
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A molecule that is able to bond in long chains.
monomer
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What is the difference between an addition
polymer and a condensation polymer? Give an example
of each
addition polymers the monomers will contain one or more multiple bonds that can undergo addition reactions.
condensation reaction water is a product
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