organic manure : an overview. organic manure is defined as the product resulting from thecontrolled...
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Organic Manure : An Overview
Organic manure is defined as the product resulting from the controlled biological decomposition of organic matter.
Manure can be prepared from :
yard trimmings bio-solids (sewage sludge) wood by-products animals manures crop residues biodegradable packing food scraps
Organic Manure : An Overview
Introduction
Characteristics of Organic MatterCharacteristics of Organic Matter
Organic matter is the key constituent of
cultivated soils.
It has profound influence on the
physico-chemical and biological
characteristics of soil.
Organic Manure : An Overview
Chemical Composition of Organic MatterChemical Composition of Organic Matter
Organic Manure : An Overview
Miscellaneous substances like antibiotics, auxins, vitamins, enzymes and pigments
Carbohydrates (sugar, starch, hemi-cellulose, pectins gums, mucilages, etc.)
Proteins, amino acids, amines, etc.
Fats, oils, waxes, resins, etc. Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, etc.
Lignins Compounds containing ring structure (phenol, tennis, hydrocarbon)
Alkaloids and compounds with organic base- pyrimidine and purines
Nutritive Elements in different Organic MattersNutritive Elements in different Organic Matters
Organic matter Nutritive elements(%)
N P K
Cow dung manure 2.5 0.2 0.5
Compost urban 1.8 1.0 1.4
Compost rural 0.5 0.15 0.5
Night soil 5.5 4.0 2.0
Groundnut cake 7.3 2.5 2.0
Castor cake 4.3 2.4 2.3
Neem cake 5.2 1.0 1.8
sludge 3.5 4.0 0.6
Organic Manure : An Overview
Organic Manure : An Overview
Organic matter Organic manureBiological oxidation
Animal manure Green manure
Conversion of organic matter into organic manure
Through biological oxidation organic matter
convert into manure which may be two type
by their origin
Organic Manure : An Overview
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Animal manureAnimal manure
Farm yard manure (FYM)
Farm slurry or Liquid manure
(Agricultural manure in liquid
form known as slurry
Manure formed of cattle excreta mixed with straw, used as a fertilizer
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Organic Manure : An Overview
A. Farm Yard ManureA. Farm Yard Manure
Farm Yard Manure can be prepared by :
Cow dung,
Cow urine,
Waste straw and
Dairy waste, etc.
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Organic Manure : An Overview
Cow dung ManureCow dung Manure
This is a type of Farm Yard Manure
Cow manure is rich in humus, the bulky and fibrous material that comes from undigested plant matter.
Cow manure is composted by putting it into a bin or pile and letting it decompose
It contains about 3 percent nitrogen, 2 percent phosphorous, and 1 percent potassium
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Organic Manure : An Overview
Method of preparation of FYMMethod of preparation of FYM
Dig a pit (4×6×10) near cattle shed above the level of soil.
Spread the excavated soil on the surface.
Fill the pit with grass and other material of cake shed and soil upto 10-15cm.
Spread cow dung manure up to 15-20 cm leave it for one to two month.
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Organic Manure : An Overview
Nutrient concentration in FYM Nutrient concentration in FYM
Nitrogen Nitrogen 0.50.5
PhosphorusPhosphorus 0.250.25
PotassiumPotassium 0.400.40
CalciumCalcium 0.080.08
SulfurSulfur 0.020.02
ZincZinc 0.0040.004
CopperCopper 0.00030.0003
ManganeseManganese 0.0070.007
ironiron 0.450.45
ElementsElements Value (%)Value (%)
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Organic Manure : An Overview
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B. Farm SlurryB. Farm Slurry
A mixture of water and animal waste used as fertilizer.
Farm slurry is produced at dairy farm at larger scale in rainy season.
It is highly nutritive for the plants.
Organic Manure : An Overview
2. 2. Green ManuresGreen Manures
Green manure is a type of cover crop grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil.
They are grown for the purpose of plowing them, thus increasing fertility through the incorporation of nutrients and organic matter into the soil.
Organic Manure : An Overview
Benefits of Green Manure CropsBenefits of Green Manure Crops
Green manure crops provide a habitat for pollinators and other beneficial insects.
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Organic Manure : An Overview
Green manures, in the case of legumes, fix nitrogen and contribute to farm nitrogen needs.
It protect and enhance the soil’s biological activity by providing nutrition for the soil organism.
It aerates the soil, consequently improving the soil structure.
Green manure crops cover the soil in between successive grain crops, thus protecting the soil against wind and water erosion.
Green manure crops reduce soil compaction.