Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

• All about CARBON!!!!

• 4 electrons available and ready to bond

• Carbon also likes to bond with other Carbon• this makes carbon chains!

Organic Chemistry• Forms strong bonds (covalent) with

• Oxygen (2)• Hydrogen (1)• Sulfur (3)• Nitrogen (3)

• Because Carbon is so versatile and strong it is often called a “carbon backbone”• Two or more atoms make a molecule

• H2O• NaCl

Organic Chemistry

• Vocab:• Molecule: when two or more atoms bond

• Ex: H2O & NaCl• Monomer: small groups of molecules that bond with other groups of

molecules• Ex: Glucose & Fructose

• Polymer: Several monomers bonded together• Ex: Starch & DNA

• Macromolecule: several polymers bonded together• Ex: Carbohydrates & Lipids

• Images from the following websites:• MOLECULE: (http://www.materialssciencerocks.com/hydrogen-bonding-what-holds-everything-together/ )

• Monomer(http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fmoodle.esu13.org%2Fmod%2Fassignment%2Fview.php%3Fid%3D51639&h=0&w=0&tbnid=4YNbW_nCENZSzM&zoom=1&tbnh=192&tbnw=262&docid=mwlIO-E0II8TiM&tbm=isch&ei=ecMkVLGgB5KZyATB0IDICg&ved=0CAQQsCUoAA )

• Polymer (http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/basics.htm )

• Macromolecule (http://galleryhip.com/dna-macromolecule.html )

Organic Chemistry

Four Main Categories1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids

Image from: http://www.haspi.org/curriculum-library/Med-Bio-Core-Labs/00%20NEW%20NGSS%20Med%20Bio%20Labs%20COMPLETE/07%20Teacher%20-%20Macromolecules.pdf

Carbohydrates

• Made of:• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen

• Monomer: monosaccharide • Ex: Glucose & Fructose

• Polymer: Polysaccharide• Ex: Starch

• Functions: easy/short term energy storage• Image from: http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2010/11/misconceptions-surrounding-carbohydrates/

Lipids• Made of:• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen

• Monomer: Glycerol & Fatty Acids

• Functions: long term energy storage, cell structure and cell-to-cell communication

• Image from: http://chemistrypictures.org/index.php/lipids

Lipids

• Energy Storage• Ex: Fats & Oils

• Lots of potential energy in the fatty acid tails

• Long-term energy storage, but harder to break down than carbs

• Image from: http://weloveteaching.com/0bio105/lectures/organics/Lipids.jpg

Lipids

• Nonpolar (don’t dissolve in water)

• Cell Structure:• Phospholipids• Hydrophilic (water loving) head• Hydrophobic tail (water fearing)• Creates a bilayer cell membranes!!!

• Image from: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Phospholipid_TvanBrussel.jpg/300px-Phospholipid_TvanBrussel.jpg

Lipids

• Cell-to-cell communication Steroids!!• Cholesterol • Response to stress• Ring shaped

• Image from:• Cholesterol: http://elitemensguide.com/emg-health-numbers-hdl-cholesterol-and-ldl-cholesterol/

• Steroid structure https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSQ7POqWcDhvCcJ0j4QNEbSJabO-zHEqZkCcyVr5jqLHXlPrfqC

Proteins

• Made of:• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen

• Monomer: Amino Acids• Polymer: Proteins• Functions: Cell regulation, control rate of reaction, and helping build bone & muscle

• Images from:• Structure http://amit1b.wordpress.com/the-molecules-of-life/about/

• Food: http://livehealthyosu.com/tag/caffeine/

Nucleic Acids

• Made of:• Carbon• Hydrogen• Oxygen• Nitrogen• Phosphorous

• Monomer: Nucleotide• Polymer: DNA & RNA!!!

• Image from: http://images.tutorvista.com/cms/images/81/dna-and-rna.png

Nucleic Acids

• Function: Store and transmitting (passing on) genetic information!

• Image from: http://www.visualphotos.com/photo/1x6057874/human_baby_dna_helix__genetic_sequences_artwork_g340052.jpg