Organic ChemistryThe study of all compounds

containing carbon.Carbon is the basis for life on Earth.This unit will focus on hydrocarbon

compounds.Compounds containing only hydrogen

and carbon

ReviewHow many valence electrons does carbon

have? How many bonds does carbon need?How many valence electrons does

hydrogen have? How many bonds does hydrogen need?

Shapes are predicted by VSEPR theory. Shapes of organic molecules will change as a result of single, double, or triple bonds.

Most likely shapes will be tetrahedral, trigonal planar or linear.

AlkanesHydrocarbons with only single covalent

bondsaka - saturated hydrocarbons

carbon-carbon bonds are very stable and form chains

Ethane - simplest alkane with a carbon-carbon bond - C2H6

Continuous-chain alkanesContain any number of atoms in a straight

chain.Names will end in -aneNames are given by the International

Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

You need to memorize the 1st ten and their prefix meanings.

You will not be allowed to use your periodic table.

The 1st ten continuous chain alkanes

Methane CH4Ethane C2H6Propane C3H8Butane C4H10Pentane C5H12Hexane C6H14Heptane C7H16Octane C8H18Nonane C9H20Decane C10H22The General Formula is - CnH2n+2

Formulas

molecular C2H6

H Hstructural H - C - C - H

H Hcondensed CH3-CH2-CH2skeleton C-C-C-C

Alkenesunsaturated hydrocarbons

Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon double bond.

Example - Ethene

General formula CnH2n

AlkenesNaming alkenesThe ending of the parent chain will end in -

ene. Place a number out front followed by a dash to tell the location of the double bond.

Example - Name the following:C=C-C-C C-C=C-C C-C-C=C1-butene 2-butene 1-buteneCount left to right and right to left. Name

the compound with the smallest number possible.

AlkynesUnsaturated Hydrocarbons

Organic compounds with a carbon-carbon triple bond.

Example - Ethynecommon name acetylene

General formula CnH2n-2

AlkynesNaming AlkynesSame as alkenes but ending will be

-yneExample - Name the following:C≡C-C-C-C C-C≡C-C-C C-C-C≡C-C1-pentyne 2-pentyne 2-

pentyne

Your TurnsName the following and give the molecular

formula:1. C-C-C=C-C-C 2. C-C-C-C-C≡C-C3. C-C-C-C-C-C 4. C-C-C-C-C-C=C-C-C-

C5. C≡C-C 6. C-C-C-CAnswers1) 3-hexene C6H12 2) 2-heptyne C7H12 3) hexane C6H14 4) 4-decene C10H20 5) 1-propyne (propyne) C3H46) butane (C4H10)

Your TurnDraw the following:4-Octyne H H H H H H H-C-C-C-C≡C-C-C-C-H H H H H H H