organic chemistry 2 -...
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Organic Chemistry 2
سید مرتضی مهرداد
گروه شیمی –دانشکده علوم پایه
به نام خدا
1. Carey, Organic Chemistry, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill, NY, 2006.
2. Carey and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry: Structure and Mechanisms
(Part A), 4th ed., Springer, 2004.
3. Carey and Sundberg, Advanced Organic Chemistry: Structure and Mechanisms
(Part B), 4th ed., Springer, 2001.
4. House, Modern Synthetic Reactions, 2nd ed., W. A. Benjamin, New York, 1972.
5. Lowry and Richardson, Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry, 3rd ed.,
Harper and Row, New York, 1987.
6. McMurry, Organic Chemistry, 6th ed., Brooks/Cole, Monterey CA, 2003.
7. Morrison, Boyd and Boyd, Organic Chemistry, 6th ed., Benjamin Cummings, CA,
1992.
8. Solomons and Fryhle, Organic Chemistry, 8th ed., Wiley, NY, 2003.
9. Streitwieser, Heathcock, and Kosower, Introduction to Organic Chemistry, 4th ed.;
Prentice-Hall, Saddle River, NJ, 1998.
10. Sykes, A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry, 6th ed., Longmans
Scientific and Technical, Essex, 1986.
11. Vollhardt and Schore, Organic Chemistry, 4th ed.,W.H. Freeman, New York,
2002.
نمره25: کوئیز
نمره15: نظم و ترتیب و حضور و غیاب
نمره60: امتحان نیم ترم
نمره100: امتحان آخر ترم
1992
احمد میرشکرائی -عیسی یاوری -علی سیدی اصفهانی: ترجمه
1372تهران -نشر علوم دانشگاهی
Aromaticity
Benzene
14.1
Organic Compounds
Aliphatic Compounds (fatty)
Aromatic Compounds (fragrant)
14.2
Benzene has been known since 1825
In spite of this, no satisfactory structure for benzene had been advanced
until about 1931
14.3
14.3
1858(chain) 1865(ring)
II, III & V
1867
(rapid equilibrium Could not be separated)
14.4
14.1
14.1
14.5
The quantity of heat
evolved when one mole of
an unsaturated compound is
hydrogenated
14.6
14.7
H3C CH3
1.53Ao
C C
1.34Ao 1.39Ao
1.48Ao
14.3
14.9
14.10
the p clouds must contain a total of (4n + 2) p electrons
Benzene
6 electrons
Aromatic sextet 4n + 2 = 6
n = 1
Cyclopentadiene Unusually strong acid
Ka = 10-15
H
H
H
H
H H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Cycloheptatriene Ka = 10-45
.
.
14.5
Br-
p-complexes
Name of substituent group + benzene 14.11
Name the two group successively + benzene
or a derivative of the special name of molecule
Numbers are used to indicate their relative positions
14.12 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons - Naphthalene
14.8
Diamond Graphite
buckminsterfullerene
20
12
14.13
nitrogen
- Dumas method
- Kjeldal method
sulfur - Carius method