organ systems in animals and plants animal organ systems
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Organ Systems in Animals and Plants
Animal Organ Systems
The Integumentary System
• The most visible organ system
• Made up of skin (epidermis & dermis) and accessory organs
• Accessory organs include: horns, antlers, hooves, sweat glands and sebaceous glands
• The integument helps regulate body temperature and prevent infection.
The Digestive System
• Is a tube that extends from the mouth to the anus
• The tube (in humans made up of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and rectum) facilitates the break down and absorption of nutrients
• During absorption nutrients leave the digestive system and enters the circulatory system
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3986Yfl5cU
Earthworm Digestive System
• Food enters through its mouth
• The esophagus contracts to push the food into the crop (storage stomach)
• Food then enters the gizzard which grinds the food
• Food is pushed into the intestines for absorption
• Waste is expelled through the anus
Fish Digestive System
• Food passes from the fishes mouth (which have teeth designed for the fishes specific diet) down the esophagus into the stomach
• Some fish have a pyloric caecum which further breaks down the food and absorbs nutrients
• Food is broken down further and absorbed in the intestine
Frog Digestive System
• • The tongue (attached in the front) and two sets of teeth help the frog catch and hold its prey
• The frog uses its eyes to aid in swallowing
• Food travels through the gullet, down the esophagus, to the stomach and then intestines
• The waste exits through the cloaca
The Respiratory System
• The function of the respiratory system is to obtain oxygen and release carbon dioxide
• Air enters either the mouth or nose and moves through the trachea into the bronchus and bronchioles
• The bronchioles empty into the alveoli which are surrounded by blood vessels
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hc1YtXc_84A
BreathingBreathing
Inhalation (expanding the chest cavity):
• Rib cage rises• Diaphragm contracts
and moves downExhalation (decreasing
the chest cavity):• Rib cage lowers• Diaphragm relaxes
and moves upwardshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lygr-
rAtHgA&feature=related
The Circulatory System
• The blood transportation system
• Includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels
• Blood vessels include arteries (thick muscular walls) which carry blood away from the heart, veins (thinner walled vessels with valves) which carry blood towards the heart and capillaries
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H04d3rJCLCE
Capillaries
• •
• Only one cell thick, oxygen and carbon dioxide flow in and out by diffusion
• Diffusion is the movement of a substance from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
The Excretory System
• • Consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra and skin
• This system filters waste products from the blood and maintains proper levels of water and electrolytes
• The nephrons in the kidney filter urea and other wastes from the blood to form urine
• The skin excretes water, salts and urea
Plant Organ Systems
Shoot system and Root System
• The shoot system is everything above ground
• The root system is everything below ground (including aerial roots)
Transpiration
• Water is pushed up the roots via the root hairs and into the xylem in the stem (up about 2m in some plants)
• As water evaporates from the stomata in the leaves each evaporating water molecule pulls up on the adjacent water molecule
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=At1BJJDcXhk