orcaflex 9.2a manual

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OrcaFlexManual Version9.2a OrcinaLtd. Daltongate Ulverston Cumbria LA127AJ UK Telephone: Fax: Email: WebSite: +44(0)1229584742 +44(0)1229587191 [email protected] www.orcina.com

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Contents

CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 InstallingOrcaFlex RunningOrcaFlex ParallelProcessing DistributedOrcaFlex OrcinaLicenceMonitor DemonstrationVersion ValidationandQA Orcina ReferencesandLinks

1111 13 14 15 15 15 15 16 16

2 TUTORIAL2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 GettingStarted BuildingaSimpleSystem AddingaLine AdjustingtheView StaticAnalysis DynamicAnalysis MultipleViews LookingatResults GettingOutput InputData

2121 21 21 22 22 23 24 24 24 24

3 EXAMPLES3.1 Introduction

2727

4 USERINTERFACE4.1 Introduction4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.1.7 4.1.8 4.1.9 4.1.10 4.1.11 ProgramWindows TheModel ModelBrowser ModelBrowserViews MoveSelectedObjectsWizard Libraries ModelStates UsingModelStates Toolbar StatusBar MouseandKeyboardActions

292929 29 30 32 32 33 36 38 38 39 39

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Contents

wMenus4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.2.6 4.2.7 4.2.8 4.2.9 4.2.10 4.2.11 4.2.12 FileMenu EditMenu ModelMenu CalculationMenu ViewMenu ReplayMenu GraphMenu ResultsMenu ToolsMenu WorkspaceMenu WindowMenu HelpMenu ViewParameters ViewControl Navigatingin3DViews ShadedGraphics HowObjectsareDrawn SelectingObjects CreatingandDestroyingObjects DraggingObjects ConnectingObjects Printing,CopyingandExportingViews ReplayParameters ReplayControl CustomReplays CustomReplayWizard SuperimposeTimes DataFields DataFormEditing ProducingResults SelectingVariables SummaryandFullResults Statistics LinkedStatistics OffsetTables LineClashingReport TimeHistoryandXYGraphs RangeGraphs OffsetGraphs SpectralResponseGraphs PresentingOrcaFlexResults ModifyingGraphs

4.2

4243 44 45 46 48 48 49 49 49 50 50 51

4.3

3DViews4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 4.3.7 4.3.8 4.3.9 4.3.10

5152 53 53 54 55 57 57 57 58 58

4.4

Replays4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5

5859 60 60 61 62

4.5 4.6

DataForms4.5.1 4.5.2 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3 4.6.4 4.6.5 4.6.6 4.6.7 4.6.8 4.6.9 4.6.10 4.6.11 4.6.12

6263 64

Results

6565 66 67 67 68 68 68 69 70 71 72 72

4.7

Graphs4.7.1

7374

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4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13

Spreadsheets TextWindows Workspaces ComparingData Preferences PrintingandExporting

74 75 75 75 76 78

5 AUTOMATION5.1 5.2 Introduction Postprocessing5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 5.2.7 5.2.8 5.2.9 5.2.10 5.2.11 5.2.12 Introduction OrcaFlexSpreadsheet InstructionFormat Predefinedcommands Basiccommands TimeHistoryandrelatedcommands RangeGraphcommands Datacommands InstructionsWizard DuplicateInstructions TipsandTricks ErrorHandling Introduction ScriptFiles ScriptSyntax ScriptCommands Examplesofsettingdata HandlingScriptErrors ObtainingVariableNames AutomatingScriptGeneration

7979 7979 79 81 83 83 84 85 85 86 89 92 93

5.3

BatchProcessing5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.3.5 5.3.6 5.3.7 5.3.8

9393 94 94 95 97 102 102 103

6 THEORY6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 CoordinateSystems DirectionConventions ObjectConnections InterpolationMethods StaticAnalysis6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 LineStatics BuoyandVesselStatics VesselMultipleStatics CalculationMethod Ramping

105105 106 107 107 109109 113 113

6.6 6.7

DynamicAnalysis6.6.1 6.6.2

114115 117

FrictionTheory

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wSpectralResponseAnalysis EnvironmentTheory6.9.1 6.9.2 6.9.3 6.9.4 6.9.5 6.10.1 6.10.2 6.10.3 6.10.4 6.10.5 6.10.6 6.10.7 6.11.1 6.11.2 6.11.3 6.11.4 6.11.5 6.11.6 6.11.7 6.11.8 6.11.9 6.11.10 6.11.11 6.11.12 6.11.13 6.11.14 6.11.15 6.11.16 6.11.17 6.11.18 6.11.19 6.11.20 6.11.21 6.11.22 6.12.1 6.12.2 6.12.3 6.12.4 6.12.5 BuoyancyVariationwithDepth CurrentTheory SeabedTheory Morison'sEquation Waves VesselRotations RAOsandPhases RAOQualityChecks DragLoads Stiffness,AddedMassandDamping ImpulseResponseandConvolution WaveDriftLoads Overview StructuralModelDetails CalculationStages CalculationStage1TensionForces CalculationStage2BendMoments CalculationStage3ShearForces CalculationStage4TorsionMoments CalculationStage5TotalLoad LineEndOrientation LineLocalOrientation TreatmentofCompression ContentsFlowEffects LinePressureEffects PipeStressCalculation PipeStressMatrix HydrodynamicandAerodynamicLoads DragChains LineEndConditions InteractionwiththeSeaSurface InteractionwithSeabedandShapes Clashing ModalAnalysis Overview LumpedBuoyAddedMass,DampingandDrag SparBuoyandTowedFishAddedMassandDamping SparBuoyandTowedFishDrag ContactForces

6.8 6.9

120 121121 122 122 123 124

6.10 VesselTheory

131131 132 133 135 137 138 139

6.11 LineTheory

141141 142 143 144 145 147 147 148 148 149 150 150 152 153 154 155 158 159 159 160 160 163

6.12 6DBuoyTheory

164164 166 167 169 171

6.13 3DBuoyTheory 6.14 WinchTheory 6.15 ShapeTheory

171 172 174

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7 SYSTEMMODELLINGDATAANDRESULTS7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 ModellingIntroduction DatainTimeHistoryFiles VariableData7.3.1 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3 7.4.4 7.4.5 7.4.6 7.4.7 7.4.8 7.4.9 7.4.10 ExternalFunctions Statics Dynamics Integration&TimeSteps ExplicitIntegration ImplicitIntegration NumericalDamping ResponseCalculation PropertiesReport Drawing Results SeaData SeaDensityData SeabedData WaveData DataforRegularWaves DataforRandomWaves DataforJONSWAPandISSCSpectra DataforOchiHubbleSpectrum DataforTorsethaugenSpectrum DataforUserDefinedSpectrum DataforTimeHistoryWaves DataforUserSpecifiedComponents DataforResponseCalculation WavesPreview SettingupaRandomSea CurrentData WindData DrawingData ExternalFunctions Results WaveScatterConversion

177177 178 180181

GeneralData

182183 184 185 186 187 188 189 189 189 189

7.5

Environment7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 7.5.5 7.5.6 7.5.7 7.5.8 7.5.9 7.5.10 7.5.11 7.5.12 7.5.13 7.5.14 7.5.15 7.5.16 7.5.17 7.5.18 7.5.19 7.5.20 7.5.21

190190 191 192 194 195 195 196 197 197 198 198 199 199 200 201 203 205 206 207 207 208

7.6 7.7

SolidFrictionCoefficientsData Vessels7.7.1 7.7.2 7.7.3 7.7.4 7.7.5 VesselData VesselTypes ModellingVesselSlowDrift VesselResponseReports VesselResults LineData

212 214215 223 245 246 248

7.8

Lines7.8.1

250252

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w7.8.2 7.8.3 7.8.4 7.8.5 7.8.6 7.8.7 7.8.8 7.8.9 7.8.10 7.8.11 7.8.12 7.8.13 7.8.14 7.8.15 7.8.16 7.8.17 7.8.18 7.8.19 LineTypes Attachments RayleighDamping LineResults DragChainResults FlexJointResults ModalAnalysis LineSetupWizard LineTypeWizard Chain Rope/Wire LinewithFloats HomogeneousPipe HosesandUmbilicals ModellingStressJoints ModellingBendRestrictors LineEnds ModellingCompressioninFlexibles Wings CommonData AppliedLoads WingData WingTypeData LumpedBuoyProperties LumpedBuoyDrawingData SparBuoyandTowedFishProperties SparBuoyandTowedFishAddedMassandDamping SparBuoyandTowedFishDrag SparBuoyandTowedFishDrawing ShadedDrawing Otheruses ExternalFunctions PropertiesReport Results BuoyHydrodynamics HydrodynamicPropertiesofaRectangularBox ModellingaSurfacePiercingBuoy Data PropertiesReport Results Data WireProperties Control ControlbyStage ControlbyWholeSimulation DriveUnit 266 274 278 281 292 292 292 294 295 296 301 304 308 309 311 313 315 318

7.9

6DBuoys7.9.1 7.9.2 7.9.3 7.9.4 7.9.5 7.9.6 7.9.7 7.9.8 7.9.9 7.9.10 7.9.11 7.9.12 7.9.13 7.9.14 7.9.15 7.9.16 7.9.17 7.9.18 7.9.19 7.10.1 7.10.2 7.10.3 7.11.1 7.11.2 7.11.3 7.11.4 7.11.5 7.11.6

319320 321 323 323 324 326 327 328 330 331 332 332 334 334 334 335 337 337 340

7.10 3DBuoys

342343 344 344

7.11 Winches

345346 346 347 347 348 348

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7.11.7 7.11.8

ExternalFunctions Results Data Results Data Blocks Cylinders CurvedPlates Planes Drawing Results

349 349

7.12 Links7.12.1 7.12.2

350350 352

7.13 Shapes7.13.1 7.13.2 7.13.3 7.13.4 7.13.5 7.13.6 7.13.7

352353 354 355 355 356 357 358

7.14 AllObjectsDataForm

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8 FATIGUEANALYSIS8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11 8.12 8.13 Commands Data CommonLoadCasesData LoadCasesDataforRegularAnalysis LoadCasesDataforRainflowAnalysis LoadCasesDataforSpectralAnalysis ComponentsData AnalysisData SNCurves IntegrationParameters Results FatiguePoints HowDamageisCalculated

361361 362 363 364 364 364 366 367 367 368 368 369 370

9 VIVTOOLBOX9.1 9.2 FrequencyDomainModels9.1.1 9.1.2 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3

371372372 376

VIVA SHEAR7 WakeOscillatorModels VortexTrackingModels VIVDrawing

TimeDomainModels

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Introduction,InstallingOrcaFlex

1

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to OrcaFlex (version 9.2a), a marine dynamics program developed by Orcina for static and dynamic analysisofawiderangeofoffshoresystems,includingalltypesofmarinerisers(rigidandflexible),globalanalysis, moorings,installationandtowedsystems. OrcaFlexprovidesfastandaccurateanalysisofcatenarysystemssuchasflexiblerisersandumbilicalcablesunder wave and current loads and externally imposed motions. OrcaFlex makes extensive use of graphics to assist understanding. The program can be operated in batch mode for routine analysis work and there are also special facilitiesforpostprocessingyourresultsincludingfullyintegratedfatigueanalysiscapabilities. OrcaFlex is a fully 3D nonlinear time domain finite element program capable of dealing with arbitrarily large deflectionsoftheflexiblefromtheinitialconfiguration.Alumpedmasselementisusedwhichgreatlysimplifiesthe mathematical formulation and allows quick and efficient development of the program to include additional force termsandconstraintsonthesysteminresponsetonewengineeringrequirements. In addition to the time domain features, modal analysis can be performed for individual lines and RAOs can be calculatedforanyresultsvariableusingtheSpectralResponseAnalysisfeature. OrcaFlexisalsousedforapplicationsintheDefence,OceanographyandRenewableenergysectors.OrcaFlexisfully 3D and can handle multiline systems,floating lines, line dynamicsafter release, etc. Inputs include ship motions, regularandrandomwaves.Resultsoutputincludesanimatedreplayplusfullgraphicalandnumericalpresentation. IfyouarenewtoOrcaFlexthenpleaseseethetutorialandexamples. ForfurtherdetailsofOrcaFlexandourothersoftware,pleasecontactOrcinaoryourOrcinaagent.Copyrightnotice

CopyrightOrcinaLtd.19872008.Allrightsreserved.

1.1

INSTALLINGORCAFLEX

HardwareRequirements OrcaFlexcanbeinstalledandrunonanycomputerthathas: Windows2000,XP,Vista. If you are using small fonts (96dpi) the screen resolution must be at least 1024 x 768. If you are using large fonts(120dpi)thescreenresolutionmustbeatleast1280x1024. Apowerfulprocessorwithfastfloatingpointandmemoryperformance.Thisisthemostimportantfactorsince OrcaFlexisacomputationintensiveprogramandsimulationruntimescanbelongforcomplexmodels. Atleast512MBofmemory.ThisislessimportantthanprocessorperformancebutsomeaspectsofOrcaFlexdo performbetterwhenmorememoryisavailable.Inaddition,havingplentyofmemoryallowsyoutouseother applicationsefficientlyatthesametimeasrunningOrcaFlexsimulations. As much disk space as you require to store simulation files. Simulation files vary in size, but can be 10's of megabyteseachforcomplexmodels. Ascreenresolutionof1280X1024orgreateranda16bitorgreatercolourpalette. A DirectX 9 compatible graphics card with at least 256MB memory for the most effective use of the shaded graphicsfacility. MicrosoftExcelinordertousetheOrcaFlexautomationfacilities. WindowsXPorVista.

However,OrcaFlexisaverypowerfulpackageandtogetthebestresultswewouldrecommend:

For up to date information on hardware choice for OrcaFlex please refer to our website at www.orcina.com/Support. Installation ToinstallOrcaFlex:

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Introduction,InstallingOrcaFlex

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Youwillneedtoeitherinstallfromanaccountwithadminprivilegesor(onVista)havethedetailsofsuchan account. IfinstallingfromCD,inserttheOrcaFlexCDandruntheAutorun.exeprogramontheCD(onmanymachines thisprogramwillrunautomaticallywhenyouinserttheCD).Thenclickon'InstallOrcaFlex'. If you have received OrcaFlex by email or from the web you will have a zip file, and possibly a number of licencefiles(*.lic).Extractthefilesfromthezipfiletosometemporarylocation,andsavethelicencefilestothe samefolder.ThenruntheextractedfileSetup.exe. YouwillalsoneedtoinstalltheOrcaFlexdonglesuppliedbyOrcina.Seebelowfordetails.

Forfurtherdetails,includinginformationonnetworkandsilentinstallation,clickonReadMeontheAutorunmenu oropenthefileInstallationGuide.pdfontheCD.IfyouhaveanydifficultyinstallingOrcaFlexpleasecontactOrcina oryourOrcinaagent. OrcinaShellExtension WhenyouinstallOrcaFlextheOrcinaShellExtensionisalsoinstalled.ThisintegrateswithWindowsExplorer,and associatesthe dataandsimulationfile types (.datand.sim) with OrcaFlex. You can then open an OrcaFlexfile by simplydoubleclickingthefilenameinExplorer.Theshellextensionalsoprovidesfilepropertiesinformation,such aswhichversionofOrcaFlexwrotethefileandtheCommentstextforthemodelinthefile.Fordetailsseethefile CD:\OrcShlEx\ReadMe.htmontheOrcaFlexCD. InstallingtheDongle OrcaFlexissuppliedwithadongle,asmallhardwaredevicethatmustbeattachedtothemachineortothenetwork towhichthemachineisattached. Note: Thedongleiseffectivelyyourlicencetorunonecopy(ormore,ifthedongleisenabledformore copies)ofOrcaFlex.Itis,inessence,whatyouhavepurchasedorleased,anditshouldbetreated withappropriatecareandsecurity.IfyouloseyourdongleyoucannotrunOrcaFlex. Orcinacannormallyresupplydisksormanuals(achargebeingmadetocovercosts)iftheyarelost ordamaged.Butwecanonlysupplyanewdongleinthecasewheretheolddongleisreturnedto us.

Warning:

Dongleslabelled'Hxxx'(wherexxxisthedonglenumber)mustbepluggedintothemachineonwhichOrcaFlexis run. Dongles labelled 'Nxxx' can be used in the same way as 'Hxxx' dongles, but they can also be used over a network,allowingtheprogramtobesharedbymultipleusers.Inthelattercasethedongleshouldbeinstalledby yournetworkadministrator;instructionscanbefoundintheDongledirectoryontheOrcaFlexCD.TypesofDongle

Dongles are available for either parallel or USB ports, and these are functionally equivalent so far as OrcaFlex is concerned.Ingeneral,USBdonglesarepreferred,sincetheyseemtobemorereliable.Inanycase,parallelportsare becominglesscommononnewmachines.Bydefault,'N'donglescanholdupto10OrcaFlexlicencesforuseovera network.Wecansupplydongleswithlargercapacitiesonrequest. DongleTroubleshooting Wesupply,withOrcaFlex,adongleutilityprogramcalledOrcaDongle.IfOrcaFlexcannotfindthedonglethenthis programmaybeusedtocheckthatthedongleisworkingcorrectlyandhastheexpectednumberoflicences.For detailsseetheOrcaDonglehelpfile. TheOrcaDongleprogramisincludedontheOrcaFlexCD,andyoumaychoosetoinstallitfromtheAutorunmenuin thesamewayasOrcaFlex.Itisalsoavailablefordownloadfromourwebsiteatwww.orcina.com/Support/Dongle. Alsoonourwebsite,usersofnetworkdonglesmayfindtheOrcinaLicenceMonitortobeuseful.Thisapplication keepstrackofthenumberofOrcaFlexlicencesclaimedonanetworkatanytime.Diagnostics

IfOrcaFlexfailstostart,withtheerrorthatitcan'tobtainalicence,thenpleasecheckthefollowing. If you are using a network dongle, are all the licences in use? The Orcina Licence Monitor may be of use in determiningthis.Iftheyare,youwillneedtowaituntilalicencebecomesfreebeforeyoucanrunOrcaFlex.

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Introduction,RunningOrcaFlex

Ifyouareusingalocaldongle,isitpluggedintoyourmachine?Ifso,isthedongledevicedriverinstalled?You can check this by running OrcaDongle. If the driver is not present, it may have been uninstalled by another program:ifso,youcanfixthisbyRepairingtheOrcaFlexinstallation(fromtheWindowsControlPanel,select 'AddorRemovePrograms'(XP)orPrograms/ProgramsandFeatures(Vista),selecttheOrcaFlexentry,select ChangethenRepair).Ifthisstillfails,youcaninstallthedriverbydownloadingfromourwebsite,andrunning, thefileHaspSetup.msi. DoesthedongleyouareusinghaveanOrcaFlexlicenceonit?Again,youcancheckthiswithOrcaDongle. Doyouhavealicencefileforthedongleyouwishtoaccess?ThisfilewillbenamedNxxx.licorHxxx.lic(where xxxisthedonglenumber)andwillbeintheOrcaFlexinstallationfolder.Ifnot,thenyoushouldbeabletocopy therequiredfile(s)fromtherootleveloftheOrcaFlexCDintotheinstallationfolder.

Ifnoneofthesehelp,thenpleasecontactusatOrcinawithadescriptionoftheproblem.Ideally,pleasealsoemailto usthediagnosticsfilenamedOrcLog.txtwhichOrcaFlexwillhavewrittenonfailingtofindalicence.Thisfilecanbe foundinthefolder"%appdata%/Orcina/OrcaFlex":toopenthisfolder,selectStartmenu|Run...andenterthetext betweenthequotes(includingthe'%'characters).

1.2

RUNNINGORCAFLEX

A shortcut to run OrcaFlex is set up on the Start menu when you install OrcaFlex (see Start\Programs\Orcina Software\). ThisshortcutpassesnoparameterstoOrcaFlexsoitgivesthe defaultstartupbehaviour;seebelow.Ifthisisnot suitableyoucanconfigurethestartupbehaviourusingcommandlineparameters,forexamplebysettingupyour ownshortcutswithparticularparametersettings. DefaultStartup OrcaFlex has two basic modules: full OrcaFlex and staticsonly OrcaFlex. A full OrcaFlex licence is needed for dynamicanalysis. When you run OrcaFlex it looks for an Orcina dongle from which it can claim an OrcaFlex licence (either a full licenceorastaticsonlylicence).Bydefault,itfirstlooks foralicenceonalocaldongle(i.e.oneinlocalmodeand connected to the local machine) and if none is found then it looks for a licence on a network dongle (i.e. one in network mode and accessed via a licence manager over the network). This default behaviour can be changed by commandlineparameters. IfOrcaFlexfindsanetworkdongleandthereisachoiceofwhichlicencestoclaimfromit,thenOrcaFlexdisplaysa ChooseModulesdialogtoaskyouwhichmodulesyouwanttoclaim.Thishelpsyousharethelicenceswithother users of that network dongle. For example if the network dongle contains both a full licence and a staticsonly licencethenyoucanchoosetousethestaticsonlylicence,ifthatisallyouneed,sothatthefulllicenceisleftfreefor otherstousewhenyoudonotneedityourself.TheChooseModulesdialogcanbesuppressedusingcommandline parameters. CommandLineParameters OrcaFlexcanacceptvariousparametersonthecommandlinetomodifythewayitstartsup.Thesyntaxis: OrcaFlex.exeFilenameOption1Option2...etc. Filenameisoptional.IfpresentitshouldbethenameofanOrcaFlexdatafile(.dat)orsimulationfile(.sim)andafter startingupOrcaFlexwillautomaticallyopenthatfile. Option1,Option2etc.areoptionalparametersthatallowyouconfigurethestartupbehaviour.Theycanbeanyof the following switches. For the first character of an option switch, the hyphen character '' can be used as an alternativetothe'/'character.DongleSearchswitches

Bydefaulttheprogramsearchesfirstforalicenceonalocaldongleandthenforalicenceonanetworkdongle.The followingswitchesallowyoutomodifythisdefaultbehaviour. /LocalDongleOnlysearchforlicencesonalocaldongle.Nosearchwillbemadefornetworkdongles. /NetworkDongle Only search for licences on a network dongle. Any local dongle will be ignored. This can be usefulifyouhavealocaldonglebutwanttouseanetworkdonglethathaslicencesformoremodules.

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ModuleChoiceswitch

Thisswitchisonlyrelevantifthedonglefoundisanetworkdongleandthereisachoiceoflicencestoclaimfrom thatdongle.Youcanspecifyyourchoiceusingthefollowingcommandlineswitch: /DisableDynamicsChoosethestaticsonlybasiclicence.Thisissometimesusefulwhenusinganetworkdongle sinceitallowsyoutoleavefulllicencesfreeforotheruserswhenyouonlyneedastaticsonlylicence.

IfyoudonotspecifyallthechoicesthentheprogramdisplaystheChooseModulesdialogtoaskforyourremaining choices.Youcansuppressthisdialogusingthefollowingswitch. /DisableInteractiveStartupDonotdisplaytheChooseModulesdialog.Theprogrambehavesthesameasifthe userclicksOKonthatdialogwithoutchanginganymodulechoices.

BatchCalculationswitches

TheseswitchesallowyoutoinstructOrcaFlextostartabatchcalculationassoonastheprogramhasloaded.The followingswitchesareavailable: /Batch Start a batch calculation as soon as the program has loaded. The batch calculation will contain all the filesspecifiedonthecommandline(youcanhavemorethanone)intheorderinwhichtheyarespecified.You canuserelativepathswhichwillberelativetotheworkingdirectory. /CloseAfterBatchInstructstheprogramtocloseoncethebatchiscomplete.

ProcessPriorityswitches

These switches determine the processing priority of OrcaFlex. The available switches are /RealtimePriority, /HighPriority,/AboveNormalPriority,/NormalPriority,/BelowNormalPriority,/LowPriority.ThickLinesswitch

The/ThickLinesswitchallowsyoutospecifyaminimumthicknessforlinesdrawnonOrcaFlex3DViewwindows. Forexampleusingtheswitch/ThickLines=5forcesOrcaFlextodrawalllinesatathicknessofatleast5.Ifnovalue isspecified(i.e.theswitchis/ThickLines)thentheminimumthicknessistakentobe2. ThisswitchhasbeenaddedtomakeOrcaFlex3DViewsclearerwhenprojectedontoalargescreen.ThreadCountswitch

The /ThreadCount switch allows you to set the number of execution threads used by OrcaFlex for parallel processing.Forexample/ThreadCount=1forcesOrcaFlextouseasingleexecutionthreadwhichhastheeffectof disablingparallelprocessing.

1.3

PARALLELPROCESSING

Machineswithmultipleprocessorsorprocessorswithmultiplecoresarebecomingincreasinglycommon.OrcaFlex canmakegooduseoftheadditionalprocessingcapacityaffordedbysuchmachines.Foruptodateinformationon hardwarechoiceforOrcaFlexpleaserefertoourwebsiteatwww.orcina.com/Support/Benchmark. OrcaFlex performs the calculations of the model's Line objects in parallel. This means that, interactively at least, performanceisonlyimprovedformodelswithmorethanoneLineobjectweintendtoremovethisrestrictionina futurereleaseofthesoftware.However,formodelswithmorethanoneLineperformanceissignificantlyimproved. Both batch processing and fatigue calculations process their jobs and load cases concurrently, using all available processorcores. Note,however,thattheOrcaFlexspreadsheetiscurrentlyonlyabletomakeuseofasingleprocessorcore.Weplan toaddressthislimitationinafuturerelease.Threadcount

OrcaFlexmanagesanumberofexecutionthreadstoperformtheparallelcalculations.Thenumberofthesethreads (thethreadcount)defaultstothenumberofphysicalprocessorcoresavailableonyourmachineasreportedbythe operatingsystem.Thisdefaultwillworkwellformostcases.ShouldyouwishtochangeityoucanusetheTools|Set ThreadCountmenuitem.Thethreadcountcanalsobecontrolledbyacommandlineswitch.

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Introduction,DistributedOrcaFlex

Hyperthreading

Some Intel processors offer a technology called hyperthreading. Such processors can process multiple execution threadsinparallelbymakinguseofunderusedresourcesontheprocessor.Hyperthreadedprocessorsappearto theoperatingsystemas2distinct,logicalprocessors. Sadly,therealworldperformanceofsuchchipsdoesnotliveuptothemarketinghype.Atbestthistechnologycan give improvements of around 1020%. However, the performance of hyperthreading under OrcaFlex varies considerably with the OrcaFlex model being analysed. In the worst cases using hyperthreading results in performancetwiceasslowaswithout! For this reason we recommend that you don't attempt to use hyperthreading when running OrcaFlex. By default OrcaFlexwilluseasmanythreadsastherearetruephysicalcoresavailabletoyoursystem. Tohelpunderstandthisconsideradualprocessor,dualcoremachinewithhyperthreadingsupport.Theoperating system will recognise 8 processors. Of these processors, 4 are true physical processor cores and the other 4 are virtualhyperthreadedprocessors.AccordinglyOrcaFlexwilldefaulttousing4calculationthreads.

1.4

DISTRIBUTEDORCAFLEX

DistributedOrcaFlexisasuiteofprogramsthatenablesacollectionofnetworked,OrcaFlexlicensedcomputersto run OrcaFlex jobs, transparently, using spare processor time. For more information about Distributed OrcaFlex please refer to our website at www.orcina.com/Support/DistributedOrcaFlex. Distributed OrcaFlex can be downloadedfromthisaddress. OrcaFlexcanalsomakeuseofmachineswithmultipleprocessorsusingparallelprocessingtechnology.

1.5

ORCINALICENCEMONITOR

TheOrcinaLicenceMonitor(OLM)isaservicethatmonitorsthecurrentnumberofOrcaFlexlicencesclaimedona networkinrealtime.OtherprogramsthatusetheOrcaFlexprogramminginterface(OrcFxAPI)suchasDistributed OrcaFlexandtheOrcaFlexspreadsheetarealsomonitored.Youcanobtaininformationoneachlicenceclaimedthat includes: Networkinformation:thecomputername,networkaddressandtheusername. Licenceinformation:thedonglename,thedongletype(networkorlocal)andthetimethelicencewasclaimed. Program information: which modules are being used, the version, and the location of the program which has claimed the licence (usually this is OrcaFlex.exe but it can be Excel.exe for the OrcaFlex spreadsheet for example).

OLMcanbedownloadedfromourwebsiteatwww.orcina.com/Support/OrcinaLicenceMonitor.

1.6

DEMONSTRATIONVERSION

ForanoverviewofOrcaFlex,seetheIntroductiontopicandthetutorial. ThedemonstrationversionofOrcaFlexhassomefacilitiesdisabledyoucannotcalculatestaticsorrunsimulation, andyoucannotsavefiles,print,exportorcopytotheclipboard.Otherwisethedemonstrationversionisjustlikethe fullversion,soitallowsyoutoseeexactlyhowtheprogramworks. In particular the demonstration version allows you to open any prepared OrcaFlex data or simulation file. If you open a simulation file then you can then examine the results, see replays of the motion etc. There are numerous examplefilesprovidedonthedemonstrationCD. IfyouhavethefullversionofOrcaFlexthenyoucanusethedemonstrationversiontoshowyourcustomersyour OrcaFlexmodelsandresultsfortheirsystem.Todothis,give themthedemonstrationversionandcopiesofyour OrcaFlex simulation files. The demonstration version can be found on your OrcaFlex CD see CD:\Demo_CD\ReadMe.

1.7

VALIDATIONANDQAavailable from our website at

The OrcaFlex validation documents are www.orcina.com/SoftwareProducts/OrcaFlex/Validation.

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Introduction,Orcina

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1.8

ORCINA

Orcina is a creative engineering software and consultancy company staffed by mechanical engineers, naval architects, mathematicians and software engineers with long experience in such demanding environments as the offshore, marine and nuclear industries. As well as developing engineering software, we offer a wide range of analysis and design services with particular strength in dynamics, hydrodynamics, fluid mechanics and mathematicalmodelling. ContactDetails OrcinaLtd. Daltongate Ulverston Cumbria LA127AJ UK Telephone:+44(0)1229584742 Fax:+44(0)1229587191 Email:[email protected] WebSite:www.orcina.com OrcinaAgents Wehaveagentsinmanypartsoftheworld.Fordetailspleaserefertoourwebsite:www.orcina.com/ContactOrcina.

1.9References

REFERENCESANDLINKS

API,1993.APIRecommendedPractice2AWSD(RP2AWSD).AmericanPetroleumInstitute. API.ComparisonofAnalysesofMarineDrillingRisers.APIBulletin.2J. Barltrop N D P, and Adams A J, 1991. Dynamics of fixed marine structures. Butterworth Heinemann for MTD. 3rd Edition. BatchelorGK,1967.Anintroductiontofluiddynamics.CambridgeUniversityPress. BlevinsRD,2005.ForcesonandStabilityofaCylinderinaWake.J.OMAE,127,3945. CarterDJT,1982.PredictionofWaveheightandPeriodforaConstantWindVelocityUsingtheJONSWAPResults, OceanEngineering,9,no.1,1733. CasarellaMJandParsonsM,1970.CableSystemsUnderHydrodynamicLoading.MarineTechnologySocietyJournal 4,No.4,2744. ChapmanDA,1984.TowedCableBehaviourDuringShipTurningManoeuvres.OceanEngineering.11,No.4. Chung J and Hulbert G M, 1993. A time integration algorithm for structural dynamics with improved numerical dissipation:Thegeneralizedmethod.ASMEJournalofAppliedMechanics.60,371375. CMPT,1998.Floatingstructures:Aguidefordesignandanalysis.EditedbyBarltropNDP. CentreforMarineand PetroleumTechnologypublication101/98,OilfieldPublicationsLimited. CumminsWE,1962.Theimpulseresponsefunctionandshipmotions.Schiffstechnik,9,101109. DeanRG,1965.Streamfunctionrepresentationofnonlinearoceanwaves.J.Geophys.Res.,70,45614572. DirlikT,1985.ApplicationofcomputersinFatigueAnalysis.PhDThesisUniversityofWarwick. DNV,1991.EnvironmentalConditionsandEnvironmentalLoadsClassificationNotes30.5.March. ESDU71016.Fluidforces,pressuresandmomentsonrectangularblocks.ESDU71016ESDUInternational,London. ESDU80025.Meanforces,pressuresandflowfieldvelocitiesforcircularcylindricalstructures:Singlecylinderwith twodimensionalflow.ESDU80025ESDUInternational,London. FalcoM,FossatiFandRestaF,1999.Onthevortexinducedvibrationofsubmarinecables:Designoptimizationof wrappedcablesforcontrollingvibrations.3rdInternationalSymposiumonCableDynamics,Trondheim,Norway. FaltinsenOM,1990.Sealoadsonshipsandoffshorestructures.CambridgeUniversityPress.

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Introduction,ReferencesandLinks

FentonJD,1979.Ahighordercnoidalwavetheory.J.FluidMech.94,129161. FentonJD,1985.AfifthorderStokestheoryforsteadywaves.J.Waterway,Port,Coastal&OceanEng.ASCE.111, 216234. FentonJD,1990.Nonlinearwavetheories.Chapterin"TheSeaVolume9:OceanEngineeringScience",editedby B.LeMeHauteandD.M.Hanes.Wiley:NewYork.325. FentonJD,1995.Personalcommunicationpreprintofchapterinforthcomingbookoncnoidalwavetheory. GregoryRWandPaidoussisMP,1996. Unstableoscillationoftubularcantileversconveyingfluid:Part1:Theory. Proc.R.Soc.293SeriesA,512527. HartnupGC,AireyRGandFraserJM,1987.ModelBasinTestingofFlexibleMarineRisers.OMAEHouston. HoernerSF1965.FluidDynamicDrag,PublishedbytheauthoratHoernerFluidDynamics,NJ08723,USA. HuseE,1993.InteractioninDeepSeaRiserArrays.OTC7237,1993. Isherwood R M, 1987. A Revised Parameterisation of the JONSWAP Spectrum. Applied Ocean Research, 9, No. 1 (January),4750. IwanWD,1981.Thevortexinducedoscillationofnonuniformstructuralsystems.JournalofSoundandVibration, 79,291301. IwanWDandBlevinsRD,1974.AModelforVortexInducedOscillationofStructures.JournalofAppliedMechanics, September1974,581586. KotikJandMangulisV,1962.OntheKramersKronigrelationsforshipmotions.Int.ShipbuildingProgress,9,No.97, 361368. Larsen C M, 1991. Flexible Riser Analysis Comparison of Results from Computer Programs. Marine Structures, ElsevierAppliedScience. LonguetHiggins M S, 1983. On the joint distribution of wave periods and amplitudes in a random wave field. ProceedingsRoyalSocietyLondon,SeriesA,MathematicalandPhysicalSciences.389,241258. MaddoxSJ,1998.Fatiguestrengthofweldedstructures.WoodheadPublishingLtd,ISBN1855730138. Morison J R, O'Brien M D, Johnson J W, and Schaaf S A, 1950. The force exerted by surface waves on piles. Petrol TransAIME.189. Mueller H F, 1968. Hydrodynamic forces and moments of streamlined bodies of revolution at large incidence. Schiffstechnik.15,99104. Newman J N. 1974. Secondorder, slowlyvarying forces on vessels in irregular waves. Proc Int Symp Dynamics of MarineVehiclesandStructuresinWaves,Ed.BishopREDandPriceWG,MechEngPublicationsLtd,London. NewmanJN,1977.MarineHydrodynamics,MITPress. NDP, 1995. Regulations relating to loadbearing structures in the petroleum activities. Norwegian Petroleum Directorate. OchiMKandHubbleEN,1976.Sixparameterwavespectra;Proc15thCoastalEngineeringConference,301328. Oil Companies International Marine Forum, 1994. Prediction of Wind and Current Loads on VLCCs, 2nd edition, Witherby&Co.,London. PaidoussisMP,1970.Dynamicsoftubularcantileversconveyingfluid.J.MechanicalEngineeringScience,12,No2, 85103. PaidoussisMPandDeksnisEB,1970.Articulatedmodelsofcantileversconveyingfluid:Thestudyofaparadox.J. MechanicalEngineeringScience,12,No4,288300. PaidoussisMP and Lathier B E, 1976. Dynamics of Timoshenko beamsconveying fluid. J. MechanicalEngineering Science,18,No4,210220. PalmerACandBaldryJAS,1974.Lateralbucklingofaxiallyconstrainedpipes.J.PetroleumTechnology,Nov1974, 12831284. PodeL,1951.TablesforComputingtheEquilibriumConfigurationofaFlexibleCableinaUniformStream.DTMB Report.687.

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Principles of Naval Architecture. Revised edition, edited by J P Comstock, 1967. Society of Naval Architects and MarineEngineers,NewYork. PuechA,1984.TheUseofAnchorsinOffshorePetroleumOperations.EditionsTechnique Rawson and Tupper, 1984. Basic Ship Theory 3rd ed, 2: Ship Dynamics and Design, 482. Longman Scientific & Technical(Harlow). RieneckerMMandFentonJD,1981.AFourierapproximationmethodforsteadywaterwaves.J.FluidMech.104, 119137. RoarkRJ,1965.FormulasforStressandStrain.4theditionMcGrawHill. SarpkayaT,ShoaffRL,1979.InviscidModelofTwoDimensionalVortexSheddingbyaCircularCylinder.ArticleNo. 790281R,AIAAJournal,17,no.11,11931200. SarpkayaT,ShoaffRL,1979.Adiscretevortexanalysisofflowaboutstationaryandtransverselyoscillatingcircular cylinders.Reportno.NPS69SL79011,NavalPostgraduateSchool,Monterey,California. RychlikI,1987.Anewdefinitionoftherainflowcyclecountingmethod.Int.J.Fatigue9,No2,119121. SkjelbreiaL,HendricksonJ,1961.Fifthordergravitywavetheory.Proc.7thConf.CoastalEng.184196. Sobey R J, Goodwin P, Thieke R J and Westberg R J, 1987. Wave theories. J. Waterway, Port, Coastal & Ocean Eng. ASCE113,565587. Sparks C, 1980. Le comportement mecanique des risers influence des principaux parametres. Revue de l'Institut FrancaisduPetrol,35,no.5,811. SparksC,1983.Comportementmecaniquedestuyauxinfluencede latraction,delapressionetdupoidslineique: Applicationauxrisers.Revuedel'InstitutFrancaisduPetrol38,no.4,481. Standing RG, Brendling WJ, Wilson D, 1987. Recent Developments in the Analysis of Wave Drift Forces, Low FrequencyDampingandResponse.OTCpaper5456,1987. Tan Z, Quiggin P, Sheldrake T, 2007. Time domain simulation of the 3D bending hysteresis behaviour of an unbondedflexibleriser.OMAEpaper29315,2007(downloadfromOrcinawebsite). TaylorRandValentP,1984.DesignGuideforDragEmbedmentAnchors,NavalCivilEngineeringLaboratory(USA), TNNoN1688. TorsethaugenKandHaverS,2004.Simplifieddoublepeakspectralmodelforoceanwaves,PaperNo.2004JSC193, ISOPE2004Touson,France. Thwaites,1960.IncompressibleAerodynamics,Oxford,399401. TimoshenkoS,1955.VibrationProblemsinEngineering,vanNostrand. TriantafyllouMS,YueDKPandTeinDYS,1994.Dampingofmooredfloatingstructures.OTC7489,Houston,215 224. Tuckeretal,1984.AppliedOceanResearch,6,No2. TuckerMJ,1991.WavesinOceanEngineering.EllisHorwoodLtd.(Chichester). Wichers J E W, 1979. Slowly oscillating mooring forces in single point mooring systems. BOSS79 (Second InternationalConferenceonBehaviourofOffshoreStructures). WichersJEW,1988.ASimulationModelforaSinglePointMooredTanker.DelftUniversityThesis. WuM,SaintMarcouxJF,BlevinsRD,QuigginPP,2008.Paper No.ISOPE2008MWU10.ISOPEConference2008, Vancouver,Canada.(downloadfromOrcinawebsite) YoungAD,1989.BoundaryLayers.BSPProfessionalBooks,8791.

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SuppliersoffrequencydomainVIVsoftwareSHEAR7

SBMAtlantia 1255EnclaveParkway,Suite1200 Houston,TX77077,USA Attention:Dr.S.Leverette Email:[email protected] Tel:+12818994300 Fax:+12818994307VIVA

DavidTeinConsultingEngineers,Ltd. 11777KatyFreeway,Suite434South Houston,TX77079,USA Phone:+12815310888 Fax:+12815315888 Email:[email protected]

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Tutorial,GettingStarted

22.1

TUTORIALGETTINGSTARTED

This short tutorial gives you a very quick run through the model building and results presentation features of OrcaFlex. OncompletionofthetutorialwesuggestthatyoualsolookthroughtheprerunexamplesseeExampleFiles. OnstartingupOrcaFlex,youarepresentedwitha3Dviewshowingjustabluelinerepresentingtheseasurfaceand abrownlinerepresentingtheseabed.Atthetopofthescreenaremenus,atoolbarandastatusbararrangedinthe manner common to most Windows software. As usual in Windows software, nearly all actions can be done in severalways:here,toavoidconfusion,wewillusuallyonlyrefertoonewayofdoingtheactionwewant,generally usingthemouse.

Figure: TheOrcaFlexmainwindow

2.2

BUILDINGASIMPLESYSTEM

Tostartwith,wewillbuildasimplesystemconsistingofonelineandonevesselonly. onthetoolbar.Thecursorchangesfromtheusualpointertoa Usingthemouse,clickonthenewvesselbutton crosshaircursortoshowthatyouhavenowselectedanewobjectandOrcaFlexiswaitingforyoutodecidewhereto place it. Place the cursor anywhere on the screen and click the mouse button. A "ship" shape appears on screen, positionedattheseasurface,andthecursorrevertstothepointershape.Toselectthevessel,movethecursorclose to the vessel and click the mouse button the message box (near the top of the 3D view) will confirm when the vessel has been selected. Now press and hold down the mouse button and move the mouse around. The vessel follows the mouse horizontally, but remains at the sea surface. (To alter vessel vertical position, or other details, selectthevesselwiththemouse,thendoubleclicktoopentheVesseldatawindow.)

2.3

ADDINGALINE

Now add a line. Using the mouse, click on the new line button . The crosshair cursor reappears move the mousetoapointjusttotherightofthevesselandclick.Thelineappearsasacatenaryloopatthemouseposition. Movethemousetoapointclosetothelefthandendoftheline,pressandholddownthemousebuttonandmove themousearound.Theendofthelinemovesaroundfollowingthemouse,andthelineisredrawnateachposition. Release the mouse button, move to the right hand end, click and drag. This time the right hand end of the line is draggedaround.Inthisway,youcanputtheendsofthelinesroughlywhereyouwantthem.(Finalpositioningto exactlocationshastobedonebytypingintheappropriatenumbersselectthelinewiththemouseanddoubleclick tobringupthelinedataform.)

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Tutorial,AdjustingtheView

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Movethelineendsuntilthelefthandendofthelineisclosetothebowoftheship,therighthandendliesabovethe waterandthelinehangsdownintothewater. Atthispoint,thelinehasadefaultsetofpropertiesandbothendsareatfixedpositionsrelativetotheGlobalorigin. Forthemomentwewillleavethelineproperties(length,mass,etc.)attheirdefaultvalues,butwewillconnectthe lefthandendtotheship.Dothisasfollows: 1. Clickonthelinenearthelefthandend,toselectthatendoftheline;makesureyouhaveselectedtheline,not thevesselorthesea.Themessageboxatthelefthandendofthestatusbartellsyouwhatiscurrentlyselected. Ifyouhaveselectedthewrongthing,tryagain.(Notethatyoudon'thavetoclickattheendofthelineinorder toselectitanywhereinthelefthandhalfofthelinewillselectthelefthandend.Asarule,itisbettertochoose apointwellawayfromanyotherobjectwhenselectingsomethingwiththemouse.) Releasethemouseandmoveittothevessel,holddownthe CTRLkeyandclick.Themessageboxwillconfirm theconnectionand,toindicatetheconnection,thetriangleattheendofthelinewillnowbethesamecolouras thevessel.

2.

Nowselectthevesselagainanddragitaroundwiththemouse. Thelefthandendofthelinenowmoveswiththe vessel.Leavethevesselpositionedroughlyasbeforewiththelineinaslackcatenary.

2.4

ADJUSTINGTHEVIEW

The default view of the system is an elevation of the global XZ plane you are looking horizontally along the positive Y axis. The view direction (the direction you are looking) is shown in the Window Title bar in azimuth/elevationform(azimuth=270;elevation=0).Youcanmoveyourviewpointup,down,rightorleft,andyou nearthetopleftcornerofthewindow.Clickon canzoominorout,usingtheviewcontrolbuttons eachofthetop3buttonsinturn:thenclickagainwiththeSHIFTkeyhelddown.TheSHIFTkeyreversestheactionof thebutton.Ifyouwanttomovetheviewcentrewithoutrotating,usethescrollbarsatthebottomandrightedgesof thewindow.Byjudicioususeofthebuttonsandscrollbarsyoushouldbeabletofindanyviewyoulike. Alternatively, you can alter the view with the mouse. Hold down the ALT key and left mouse button and drag. A rectangle on screen shows the area which will be zoomed to fill the window when the mouse button is released. SHIFT+ALT+leftmousebuttonzoomsouttheexistingviewshrinkstofitintherectangle. Warning: OrcaFlex will allow you to look up at the model from underneath, effectively from under the seabed!Becausetheviewisisometricandalllinesarevisible,itisnotalwaysapparentthatthis hasoccurred.Whenthishashappened,theelevationangleisshownasnegativeinthetitlebar.

Therearethreeshortcutkeyswhichareparticularlyusefulforcontrollingtheview.ForexampleCTRL+Pgivesaplan viewfromabove; CTRL+Egivesanelevation; CTRL+Qrotatestheviewthrough90abouttheverticalaxis.( CTRL+P andCTRL+Eleavetheviewazimuthunchanged.) buttononthe3DViewtobringuptheEditViewParametersform.Thisgivesamorepreciseway Nowclickthe ofcontrollingtheviewandisparticularlyusefulifyouwanttoarrangeexactlythesameviewof2differentmodels say2alternativeconfigurationsforaparticularrisersystem.Edittheviewparametersifyouwishbypositioningthe cursorintheappropriateboxandeditingasrequired. If you should accidentally lose the model completely from view (perhaps by zooming in too close, or moving the viewcentretoofar)thereareanumberofwaysofretrievingit: PressCTRL+TorrightclickintheviewwindowandselectResettoDefaultView. PresstheResetbuttonontheEditViewParametersform.Thisalsoresetsbacktothedefaultview. Zoomoutrepeatedlyuntilthemodelreappears. Closethe3DViewandaddanewone(usetheWindow|Add3DViewmenuitem).Thenewwindowwillhave thedefaultviewcentreandviewsize.

2.5Note:

STATICANALYSISIfyouarerunningthedemonstrationversionofOrcaFlexthenthisfacilityisnotavailable.

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Tutorial,DynamicAnalysis

Torunastaticanalysisofthesystem,clickontheStaticAnalysisbutton .Themessageboxreportswhichlineis being analysed and how many iterations have occurred. When the analysis is finished (almost instantly for this simplesystem)theProgramStatemessageinthecentreoftheStatusBarchangestoread"StaticsComplete",and theStaticAnalysisbuttonchangestolightgreytoindicatethatthiscommandisnolongeravailable.Theappearance of the line will have changed a little. When editing the model, OrcaFlex uses a quick approximation to a catenary shapeforgeneralguidanceonly,andthisshapeisreplacedwiththetruecatenaryshapewhenstaticanalysishas beencarriedout.(SeeStaticAnalysisformoredetails). WecannowexaminetheresultsofthestaticanalysisbyclickingontheResultsbutton Selectionwindow. Youareofferedthefollowingchoices: Resultsinnumericalandgraphicalform,withvariousfurtherchoiceswhichdeterminewhatthetableorgraph willcontain. Resultsforallobjectsoroneselectedobject. .ThisopensaResults

Ignorethegraphoptionsforthemoment,selectSummaryResultsandAllObjects,thenclickTable.Asummaryof the static analysis results is then displayed in spreadsheet form. Results for different objects are presented in differentsheets.Toviewmorestaticanalysisresultsrepeatthisprocess:clickontheResultsbuttonandselectas before.

2.6

DYNAMICANALYSIS

Wearenowreadytorunthesimulation.IfyouarerunningthedemonstrationversionofOrcaFlexthenyoucannot dothis,butinsteadyoucanloaduptheresultsofaprerunsimulationseeExamples. .Asthesimulationprogresses,thestatusbarreportscurrentsimulationtime ClicktheRunSimulationbutton andexpected(real)timetofinishtheanalysis,andthe3Dviewshowsthemotionsofthesystemasthewavepasses through. .Ananimatedreplayofthesimulationisshowninthe3Dviewwindow.Usethe ClicktheStartReplaybutton view control keys and mouse as before to change the view. The default Replay Period is Whole Simulation. This meansthatyouseethesimulationstartfromstillwater,thewavebuildingandwithitthemotionsofthesystem. SimulationtimeisshownintheStatusbar,topleft.Negativetimemeansthewaveisstillbuildingupfromstillwater tofullamplitude.Attheendofthesimulationthereplaybeginsagain. Thereplayconsistsofaseriesof"frames"atequalintervalsoftime.Justasyoucan"zoom"inandoutinspacefora , edit closer view, so OrcaFlex lets you "zoom" in and out in time. Click on the Replay Parameters button Intervalto0.5sandclickOK.Theanimatedreplayisnowmuchjerkierthanbeforebecausefewerframesarebeing shown. NowclickagainonReplayParameters,setReplayPeriodtoLatestWaveandclickontheContinuousboxtodeselect. Thereplayperiodshownisattheendofthesimulationandhasdurationofasinglewaveperiod.Attheendofthe waveperiodthereplaypauses,thenbeginsagain. topausethereplay.Clickingrepeatedlyonthisbuttonstepsthroughthe NowclickontheReplayStepbutton replayoneframeatatimeaveryusefulfacilityforexaminingaparticularpartofthemotionindetail.Clickwith theSHIFTkeyhelddowntostepbackwards. Youcanthenrestarttheanimationbyclickingon'StartReplay'asbefore.Toslowdownorspeedupthereplay,click onReplayParametersandadjustthespeed.Alternativelyusetheshortcuts CTRL+Fand SHIFT+CTRL+Ftomakethe replayfasterorslowerrespectively. ToexitfromreplaymodeclickontheStopReplaybutton .

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Tutorial,MultipleViews

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2.7

MULTIPLEVIEWS

Youcanaddanotherviewofthesystemifyouwishbyclicking ontheViewbutton .Clickagaintoaddathird view,etc.Eachviewcanbemanipulatedindependentlytogive,say,simultaneousplanandelevationviews.Tomake allviewsreplaytogether,clickonReplayControlandchecktheAllViewsbox.Toremoveanunwantedviewsimply close its view window. To rearrange the screen and make best use of the space, click Window and choose Tile Vertical(F4)orTileHorizontal(SHIFT+F4).Alternatively,youcanminimisewindowssothattheyappearassmall icons on the background, or you can resize them or move them around manually with the mouse. These are standard Windows operations which may be useful if you want to tidy up the screen without having to close a windowdowncompletely.

2.8

LOOKINGATRESULTS.ThisopensaResultsSelectionwindow.

NowclickontheResultsbutton

Youareofferedthefollowingchoices: ResultsasTablesorGraphs,withvariousfurtherchoiceswhichdeterminewhatthetableorgraphwillcontain. Resultsforallobjectsoroneselectedobject.

Select Time History for any line, then select Effective Tension at End A and click the Graph button. The graph appearsinanewwindow.Youcancalluptimehistoriesofawiderangeofparametersformostobjects.Forlines, you can also call up Range Graphs of effective tension, curvature, bend moment and many other variables. These show maximum, mean and minimum values of the variable plotted against position along the line. Detailed numericalresultsareavailablebyselectingSummaryResults,FullResults,StatisticsandLinkedStatistics. Timehistoryandrangegraphresultsarealsoavailableinnumericalformselectthevariableyouwantandpress theValuesbutton.TheresultscanbeexportedasExcelcompatiblespreadsheetsforfurtherprocessingasrequired. Further numerical results are available in tabular form by selecting Summary Results, Full Results, Statistics and LinkedStatistics. Windowsdisplayingsystemviewsorgraphscanbeautomatically arrangedonscreenastheyappearbyselecting Window|Auto Arrange (this is the default setting on start up). Windows displaying tabular results are not automaticallyarrangedonopening,butareincludedinanysubsequentrearrangementofthescreen.ResultsPostProcessing

ExtrapostprocessingfacilitiesareavailablethroughExcelspreadsheets.

2.9

GETTINGOUTPUT

You can get printed copies of data, results tables, system views and results graphs by means of the File|Print menu, or by clicking Print on the popup menu. Output can also be transferred into a word processor or other application,eitherusingcopy+pasteviatheclipboardorelseexport/importviaafile. Note: PrintingandexportfacilitiesarenotavailableinthedemonstrationversionofOrcaFlex.

2.10

INPUTDATA

Takealookthroughtheinputdataforms.Startbyresettingtheprogram:clickontheResetbutton andanswer 'Yes'tothewarningprompt.ThisreturnsOrcaFlextotheresetstate,inwhichyoucaneditthedatafreely.(Whilea simulationisactiveyoucanonlyeditcertainnoncriticalitems,suchasthecoloursusedfordrawing.) NowclickontheModelBrowserbutton .ThisdisplaysthedatastructureintreeformintheModelBrowser.

Select an item and double click with the mouse to bring up the data form. Many of the data items are self explanatory.Fordetailsofadataitem,selecttheitemwiththemouseandpressthe F1key.Alternativelyusethe questionmarkHelpiconinthetoprightcorneroftheform.Havealookaroundalltheobjectdataformsavailableto getanideaofthecapabilitiesofOrcaFlex.

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Tutorial,InputData

EndofTutorial Wehopeyouhavefoundthistutorialuseful.TofamiliariseyourselfwithOrcaFlex,trybuildingandrunningmodels ofanumberofdifferentsystems.Themanualalsoincludesarangeofexamplesandtechnicalnoteswhichexpand onparticularpointsofinterestordifficulty. Finally,pleaserememberthatweatOrcinaareoncalltohandleyourquestionsifyouarestuck.

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Examples,Introduction

33.1

EXAMPLESINTRODUCTION

OrcaFlexcomeswithatutorialandacomprehensivecollectionofexamplefiles.Thefullsetofexamplefilesareon the OrcaFlex CD (see CD:\Demo_CD\OrcaFlex\Examples), and when OrcaFlex is installed some or all of the examples(dependingonyourinstallationoptions)arecopiedintotheOrcaFlexinstallationdirectory.Theexamples canalsobefoundonourwebsiteatwww.orcina.com/SoftwareProducts/OrcaFlex/Examples. The OrcaFlex help file describes each example case in detail. The OrcaFlex Help file can be downloaded from our websiteatwww.orcina.com/SoftwareProducts/OrcaFlex/Documentation.

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UserInterface,Introduction

44.14.1.1

USERINTERFACEINTRODUCTIONProgramWindows

OrcaFlexisbaseduponamainwindowthatcontainstheMenus,aStatusBar,aToolBarandusuallyatleastone3D viewofthemodel.Thewindowcaptionshowstheprogramversionandthefilenamecurrentlyinuseforeitherdata (.dat)orsimulationfiles(.sim).

Figure: TheOrcaFlexmainwindow showing3Dpictorialviewsofthemodel showingresultsingraphicalform showingresultsinnumericalform reportingstatus

Withinthismainwindow,youcanplaceanynumberofsubordinate(orchild)windowswhichmaybe: 3DViewWindows GraphWindows SpreadsheetWindows TextWindows

Additionaltemporarywindowsarepoppedup,suchasDataFormsforeachobjectinthemodel(allowingdatatobe viewedandmodified)andDialogueBoxes(usedtospecifydetailsforprogramactionssuchasloadingandsaving files).Whileoneofthesetemporarywindowsispresentyoucanonlyworkinsidethatwindowyoumustdismiss thetemporarywindowbeforeyoucanuseotherwindows,themenusortoolbar. TheactionsthatyoucanperformatanytimedependonthecurrentModelState. ArrangingWindows 3D View, Graph, Spreadsheet and Text Windows may be tiled so that they sit sidebyside, but they must remain withintheboundsofthemainwindow.IfAutoArrangeisselectedthentheprogramrearrangesthewindowsusing thecurrentschemeeverytimeanewwindowiscreated.

4.1.2

TheModel

OrcaFlex works by building a mathematical computer model of your system. This model consists of a number of objectsthatrepresentthepartsofthesysteme.g.vessels,buoys,linesetc. Eachobjecthasaname,whichcanbeanylength.Objectnamesarenotcasesensitive,so Riser,riserandRISER wouldallrefertothesameobject.ThisbehaviouristhesameasforWindowsfilenames. Themodelalwayshastwostandardobjects: Generalcontainsgeneraldata,suchastitle,unitsetc. Environmentrepresentsthesea,seabed,waves,currentetc.

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YoucanthenusetheModelBrowserorthetoolbartoaddotherobjectstorepresentthepartsofyoursystem.There isnolimit,otherthanthecapacityofyourcomputer,tothenumberofobjectsyoucanaddtothemodel. Atanytime,youcansaveyourmodeltoadatafileyoucanthenreopenitatalaterdatetocontinuework.

4.1.3

ModelBrowser or the Model | Model Browser menu item or use the keyboard

At any time you can use the Model Browser to see what objects you have in your model. To display the model browser, use the model browser button shortcuts(F6toopenthemodelbrowser).

Figure: ModelBrowser

TheModelBrowserconsistsofalistofalltheobjectsinthemodel,arrangedintocategoriesaccordingtoobjecttype. Severalsymbolsareusedinthelistofobjects: Categoriescanbeopened,toshowtheircontents,orclosed,tosimplifyviewingacomplexmodel. Objects.Usedoubleclicktovieworedittheobject'sdata. Locked.Theseobjectscannotbedraggedbythemouseinthe3DView. You can navigate the list and select the object required by clicking with the mouse, or using the arrow keys and return.Ifthelistislongerthanthewindowthenyoucaneitherenlargethewindoworusethescrollbar. Note: Morethanoneobjectcanbeselectedinthemodelbrowser.Thisallowsyoutoperformthesame action(e.g.delete,copy,hide,show,locate)onmanyobjectsatonce.Toselectmorethanoneobject you use the standard Windows key presses CTRL+CLICK to add to a selection and SHIFT+CLICK to extendaselection.

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UserInterface,Introduction Ifyouhaveallobjectsinthemodelbrowserselectedthenitcanbedifficulttodeselectthem.The simplestwayistouse CTRL+CLICKtodeselectoneitemandthento CLICKthatitemagaintoselect italone.

Hint:

ModelBrowserFacilities Themodelbrowsermenus,anditspopupmenu,providethefollowingmodelmanagementfacilities.Fordetailsof keyboardshortcutsseeKeysonModelBrowser.Add

Addanewobjecttothemodel.Delete

Deletetheselectedobjectfromthemodel.Cut/Copy

CutorCopytheselectedobjecttotheclipboard.Paste

Pasteanobjectfromtheclipboardintothemodel.IftheobjectistheVariableDatathenallthevariabledatatables arepastedin,withtablesbeingrenamedifnecessarytoavoidclashingwithexistingvariabledatanames. Note: YoucanuseCut/CopyandPastetotransferobjectsbetweentwocopiesofOrcaFlexrunningonthe same machine. You can also use it to transfer objects between two OrcaFlex data files (open the sourcefileandcopytheobjecttotheclipboard,thenopenthedestinationfileandpastetheobject backfromtheclipboard),buttheLibraryfacility(seebelow)providesaneasierwayofachieving thesamething.

MoveSelectedObjects

OpenstheMoveSelectedObjectsWizard.Locate

Findsandhighlightstheobjectinanyopen3Dviewwindows.Thisisusefulincomplexmodelswheremanyobjects areonthe3Dview.ThehighlightingmethodisdeterminedbytheLocateObjectMethodpreference.Edit

Open the object's data form. This action can also be invoked by doubleclicking an item, or by selecting it and pressingRETURN.Rename

Renametheselectedobject.Youcanalsorenamebysingleclickingtheselectedobject.Lock/Unlock

Lockorunlocktheselectedobject.Hide/HideAll/Show/ShowAll

Controlwhethertheobjectsaredrawnon3Dviews.Reorder

Youcanusedrag+dropwiththemousetoreorderobjectsinthemodel.Thisisusefulifyouareworkingonthestatic positionofoneparticularlineyoucandragituptothetopofthelistoflines,sothatitwillbetackledfirstwhen OrcaFlexdoesthestaticanalysis.Library

TheLibrarymenufacilitiesallowyoutoopenaseconddatafile.YoucanthenImportobjectsfromthatsecondfile intothecurrentmodel.Youcanalsoimportusingdrag+dropwiththemouse.FordetailsseeLibraries. Notes: Theseconddatafileisreferredtoasthelibrarymodel,butinfactitcanbeanyOrcaFlexdatafile. The library facilities therefore provide an easy way to move objects between different OrcaFlex datafiles.

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Iftheobjectbeingimportedisthevariabledatathenallthevariabledatatablesaretransferred, withtablesbeingrenamedifnecessarytoavoidclashingwithexistingvariabledatanames.

SwitchtoMainWindow

Thebrowser'sWindowmenuenablesyoutoswitchfocustothemainformwithoutclosingthebrowserwindow.A correspondingcommandonthemainform'sWindowmenuswitchesfocusback.

4.1.4

ModelBrowserViews

Thereare2waysofviewingobjectsinthemodelbrowser:byTypesorbyGroups.Youcanswitchbetweenviews byclickingonthemodelbrowserView|ViewbyGroups/Typesmenuitems,orthoughthepopupmenu.TypesView

This is the traditional model browser view. The browser has a number of folders containing objects of the same type.Forexampleallthelinesarecontainedinafoldercalled"Lines".Objectscanbereorderedwithinafolderbut theycannotbemovedtoadifferentfolder. ToselectthisviewyoushouldclicktheView|ViewbyTypesmenuitem.GroupsView

Thisviewallowsyoutocustomisehowtheobjectsarearrangedinthemodelbrowser.Youcanaddanynumberof browser groups to the browser. These groups are simply folders in the browser tree. Groups can contain any numberofobjectsorothergroups.Inthiswayahierarchicalstructureforthemodelcanbecreated. ToselectthisviewyoushouldclicktheView|ViewbyGroupsmenuitem. ToaddgroupsyouselecttheEdit|AddGroupmenuitemorusethepopupmenu.Groupscanberenamedinthe samewayasotherobjects.Objectscanbeaddedtoagroupbydraggingtheobjectsontothegroup.Anynumberof objectscanbeaddedtoagroupinoneoperationbyfirstselectingtheobjectsandthendraggingthem.Thismultiple selectionisperformedusingthestandardWindowskeypressesCTRL+CLICKtoaddtoaselectionandSHIFT+CLICKto extendaselection.Groupscan bedragged into othergroupsand soa hierarchical structurefor the model can be created. As well as allowing you the freedom to structure your model however you like, the Groups View allows you to performthesameaction(e.g.delete,copy,hide,show,locate)onallobjectsinagroup.Thegroupingstructureis alsousedwhencyclingthroughdataformsclickingtheNextbuttontakesyoutothenextobjectinthegroupsview.

4.1.5

MoveSelectedObjectsWizard

Thiswizardallowsyoutomoveandrotateanumberofobjectsenmasse.Thewizardismostusefulwhenyouselect multipleobjects,agrouporanumberofgroupsoreventheentiremodel. TousethewizardyoumustfirstopentheModelBrowserandselecttheobjectswhichyouwishtomove.Thenclick MoveSelectedObjectsonthebrowser'seditmenu(alsoavailablefromthepopupmenu). Selectingobjects Beforeusingthewizardyoumustselect(inthemodelbrowser) theobjectswhichyouwishtomove.Therearea varietyofwaysinwhichyoucandothis.Welistafewofthemoreusefulmethodsbelow: Selectasingleobject.SHIFT+CLICKtoextendaselection.

Select multiple objects. You can do this in the model browser using CTRL+CLICK to add to a selection and Selectanobjecttypefolder.ThisworkswhenthemodelbrowserisinTypesViewmode.Forexampleselectthe Linesfolderifyouwishtomoveallthelinesinamodel. Selectagroup.ThisworkswhenthemodelbrowserisinGroupsViewmode.Thisallowsyoutomoveallobjects inthatgroup. Selecttheentiremodel.ThisiseasiesttodowhenthemodelbrowserisinGroupsViewmode.Thefirstitemin themodelbrowseristitled"Model".Selectthisitemifyouwishtomoveallobjectsinthemodel.

Thereisnolimitationtothetypeofselectionsyoucanmake.Ifyouwishtomove2groupsthenselectbothofthem (usingCTRL+CLICK)andopenthewizard.

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UserInterface,Introduction If your selection includes an item which contains other objects (e.g. a group or an object type folder)thenallobjectscontainedbythatitemwillbemovedbythewizard.

Note: Points

Thewizardshowsalistofthepointsassociatedwitheachselectedobject.Forobjectslikebuoys,vesselsandshapes asinglepointisshown.Forobjectslikelines,linksandwincheswithmultipleconnectionpointsthelistshowseach connectionpointforthatobject.Thelistalsoshowstheglobalcoordinatesofeachpoint. Foreachpointyouhavetheoptionofincludingorexcludingitinthemoveoperation.Thismightbeusefulifyou wanted to move only the End A line connection points and leave the End B connection points unchanged, for example. Movespecifiedby Thereare4methodsofspecifyinghowtheobjectsaremoved.Displacement

Forthismethodyouspecifyapositionchange(i.e.adisplacement)whichwillbeappliedtoallthepointsincludedin themoveoperation.PolarDisplacement

ThismethodissimilartotheDisplacementmethod.Hereyouspecifyadirectionanddistancewhichdeterminea positionchange.Thisisappliedtoallthepointsincludedinthemoveoperation.NewPosition

Hereyougiveareferencepointanditsnewposition.Thesamedisplacementisappliedtoallotherpointsincluded inthemove.Rotation

Thismethodrotatestheincludedpointsinthehorizontalplane.Youspecifyanangleofrotationandacentralpoint about which the rotation is performed. Note that the environment data (e.g. wave and current directions, seabed directionetc.)isnotincludedintherotation. Movingtheobjects Onceyouhavedecidedwhichobjectstoincludeinthemoveandhowthemoveisspecifiedyouarereadytoactually move theobjects. This is done by clicking the Move button. If youchange yourmind anddecide notto move the objectsthensimplyclicktheClosebutton.

4.1.6

Libraries

AnOrcaFlexLibraryisacollectionofOrcaFlexobjects(linetypes,lines,buoysetc.)storedinanordinaryOrcaFlex datafile.Forexample,alibrarymaycontainallthestandardLineTypesthatyouuseregularly.Oncesuchalibrary file has been built you can quickly build new models using the library this gives faster model building and can makeQAproceduressafer. To open a library file, use the File | Libraries menu or the Library menu on the Model Browser. Note that any OrcaFlexdatafilecanbeopenedasalibraryfile,andthismakesiteasytousethemodelbrowsertocopyobjects fromonemodeltoanother.

UsingLibrariesLibrariesallowyoutoeasilyimportobjectsfromoneOrcaFlexmodeltoanother.TodothisrunOrcaFlexandopen themodelbrowserbyclickingthemodelbrowserbutton F2.Themodelbrowsershouldlooklike: ortheModel|ModelBrowsermenuitem,orpressing

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Nowyouopenyourfileasalibrary.Todothisclicktheopenbutton file.Nowthemodelbrowserwilllooklike: onthemodelbrowserandselectyourdata

Wearenowgoingtocopysomeobjectsfromtherighthandpanetothelefthandpane.Todososelecttherequired linetypesandclicktheimportbutton .Asanalternativetotheimportbuttontheobjectscanbedraggedfrom therighthandpanetothelefthandpaneortheLibrary|Importmenuitemcanbeused. Note that you can select a number of objects and import them all in one go. You do this by using the standard Windows key presses CTRL+CLICK to add to a selection and SHIFT+CLICK to extend a selection. If you do this the librarywilllooklike:

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OnceyouhaveimportedtherequiredobjectsyoucanclosethelibrarybyselectingtheLibrary|Closemenuitem onthemodelbrowser.Nowthemodelbrowserlookslike:

Herearesomeotherpointsaboutusinglibraryfiles:

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BecauselibraryfilesaresimplyordinaryOrcaFlexdatafiles,youcantemporarilytreatanyOrcaFlexdatafileas alibrary.ThisallowsyoutoimportobjectsfromoneOrcaFlexdatafiletoanother. You can resize the model browser by dragging its border. You can also control the relative sizes of its two panes,bydraggingtherightborderoftheleftpane. Youcanview,butnotedit,thedataforalibrarymodelobject,bydoubleclickingitintheModelBrowserorby selectingitandusingthepopupmenu. Whenanobjectisimportedfromalibrary,thedestinationmodelmayalreadyhaveanobjectofthatname.In thiscaseOrcaFlexautomaticallygivestheobjectanewnamebasedontheoldname;youmaywishtoalterthis name.

Nameclasheswhenimporting

Iftheobjectbeingimportedusesatypee.g.alinetypeorvesseltypethenOrcaFlexautomaticallyimportsallthe typesthattheobjectuses.Ifthenamesofanyofthosetypes matchnamesalreadyinthedestinationmodel,then OrcaFlex needs to know which ones to use the ones already in the destination model or the ones in the source model.IfthissituationarisesthenOrcaFlexwarnsyouandgivesyouthefollowingoptions: Use Existing: The type is not transferred. Instead, the transferred object will use the type, of that name, that alreadyexistsinthedestinationmodel. Rename: This option transfers the used type, giving it a new name, and the transferred object uses the transferredtype. UseAllExisting:ThisoptionappliestheUseExistingoptiontoallremainingtypesusedbytheobject.Soforall remainingtypesusedbytheobject,thetypesalreadyinthedestinationmodelareused,whenevertheirnames matchthetypesused. Rename All: This option applies the Rename option to all remaining types used by the object. So all the remainingtypesusedbytheobjectaretransferred,usingnewnameswhereneeded,andthetransferredobject usesthetransferredtypes.

BuildingaLibraryAlibraryfileissimplyanOrcaFlexdatafileyoucanuseanyOrcaFlexdatafileasalibrary.Inpracticeitismost convenienttoputyourcommonlyusedOrcaFlexobjectsintofilesdesignatedasOrcaFlexlibraryfiles. YoubuildalibraryfileinthesamewayasyoubuildastandardOrcaFlexdatafile.Startingwithablankmodelyou canaddobjectsintheusualwayandsettheirdata.Typically,however,youwouldwanttoreuseobjectsthathad previouslybeencreatedandusedforaproject. Todothisyouwouldopenthemodelbrowserandloadyourprojectdatafileasalibraryusingtheopenbutton onthemodelbrowser.ThenyouimporttherequiredobjectsasdescribedinUsingLibraries.Thisprocedurecanbe repeatedwithanumberofdifferentdatafilesuntilyouhavealltheobjectsyouwishtokeepinthelibrary.Thenyou shouldclosethemodelbrowserandsavethedatafilebyclickingthe datafilecannowbeusedasalibrary. Notes: buttononthemainOrcaFlexform.This

Because they are OrcaFlex models, libraries contain General and Environment data, but these wouldnotusuallybeused,exceptperhapsfortheGeneraldataCommentfield,whichcanactasa titleforthelibrary. Because the library file is just an ordinary OrcaFlex data file, it can also be opened using File | Open.Thisallowsyoutoeditthedataoftheobjectsinthelibrary.

You can set up as many library files as you wish. For example you might have separate libraries for Line Types, Attachment Types, Vessel Types, Variable Data Sources etc., or you may choose to use just one library for everything.Themodelbrowser'sLibrarymenucontainsalistofthemostrecentlyusedlibraries.

4.1.7

ModelStates

OrcaFlexbuildsandanalysesamathematicalmodelofthesystembeinganalysed,themodelbeingbuiltupfroma seriesofinterconnectedobjects,suchasLines,VesselsandBuoys.FormoredetailsseeModellingandAnalysis.

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OrcaFlexworksonthemodelbymovingthroughasequenceofstates,thecurrentstatebeingshownonthestatus bar.Thefollowingdiagramshowsthesequenceofstatesusedandtheactions,resultsetc.availableineachstate.

RESET Calculate Static Position Calculating Statics Reset

STATICS COMPLETE Reset Run Pause SIMULATION UNSTABLE Simulating Run

Edit or Reset

SIMULATION Reset PAUSED Extend Simulation

SIMULATION COMPLETE

Reset

Figure:

ModelStates

Thestatesusedareasfollows:Reset

ThestateinwhichOrcaFlexstarts.InResetstateyoucanfreelychangethemodelandeditthedata.Noresultsare available.CalculatingStatics

OrcaFlexiscalculatingthestaticspositionofthemodel.YoucanabortthecalculationbyCLICKINGtheResetbutton.StaticsComplete

Thestaticscalculationiscompleteandthestaticpositionresultsareavailable.Youareallowedtomakechangesto themodelwheninthisstatebutifyoumakeanychanges(exceptforveryminorchangeslikecoloursused)thenthe modelwillbeautomaticallyresetandthestaticsresultswillbelost.Simulating

Thedynamicsimulationisrunning.Theresultsofthesimulationsofarareavailableandyoucanexaminethemodel data,butonlymakeminorchanges(e.g.coloursused).Youcannotstorethesimulationtoafilewhilesimulating youmustpausethesimulationfirst.SimulationPaused

Thereisasimulationactive,butitispaused.Theresultssofarareavailableandyoucanexaminethemodeldata. Youcanalsostorethepartrunsimulationtoafile.

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SimulationComplete

Thesimulationiscomplete.Thesimulationresultsareavailableandyoucanstoretheresultstoasimulationfilefor later examination. You must reset the model, by CLICKING on the Reset button, before significant changes to the modelcanbemade. YoucanusetheExtendSimulationfacilityifyouwishtosimulateforafurtherperiodoftime.SimulationUnstable

The simulation has become unstable. The simulation results are available and you can store the results to a simulation file for later examination. This allows you to try and understand why the simulation has become unstable. You may also want to examine the results up until the point at which the simulation became unstable. However, please treat these results with caution because the simulation eventually went unstable this indicates thatthedynamicsimulationmaynothaveconvergedatearliersimulationtimes. Youmustresetthemodel,byCLICKINGontheResetbutton,beforesignificantchangestothemodelcanbemade.

4.1.81. 2.

UsingModelStates

Toillustratehowmodelstateswork,hereisanexampleofatypicalworkingpattern: InResetstate,openanewmodelfromadatafileorusethecurrentmodelasthestartingpointforanewmodel. InResetstate,addorremoveobjectsandeditthemodeldataasrequiredforthenewmodel.Itisgenerallybest touseaverysimplemodelintheearlystagesofdesignandonlyaddmorefeatureswhenthesimplemodelis satisfactory. Run a static analysis (to get to StaticsComplete state) and examine the static position results. Make any correctionstothemodelthatareneededthiswillautomaticallyresetthemodel.Steps(2)and(3)arerepeated asrequired. Runasimulationandmonitortheresultsduringthesimulation(inSimulatingstate). IffurtherchangestothemodelareneededthenResetthemodelandeditthemodelaccordingly.Steps(2)to (5)arerepeatedasrequired. Finalise the model, perhaps improving the discretisation (for example by reducing the time step sizes or increasing the number of segments used for Lines). Run a final complete simulation (to reach SimulationCompletestate)andgeneratereportsusingtheresults.

3.

4. 5. 6.

4.1.9

Toolbar

The toolbar holds a variety of buttons that provide quick access to the most frequently used menu items. The selectionofbuttonsavailablevarieswiththecurrentProgramState. Button Action Open Save ModelBrowser NewVessel NewLine New6DBuoy New3DBuoy NewWinch NewLink EquivalentMenuItem File|Open File|Save Model|ModelBrowser Model|NewVessel Model|NewLine Model|New6DBuoy Model|New3DBuoy Model|NewWinch Model|NewLink

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UserInterface,Introduction EquivalentMenuItem Model|NewShape Calculation|SingleStatics Calculation|RunSimulation Calculation|PauseSimulation Calculation|Reset Replay|StartReplay Replay|StopReplay Replay|StepReplayForwards Replay|EditReplayParameters Window|Add3DView Results|SelectResults Help|OrcaFlexHelp

Button Action NewShape CalculateStatics RunSimulation PauseSimulation Reset StartReplay StopReplay StepReplayForwards EditReplayParameters AddNew3DView ExamineResults HelpContentsandIndex

4.1.10

StatusBar

TheStatusBarisdividedintothreefields:TheMessageBox

Thisisatthelefthandend.Itshowsinformationabouttheprogressofthecurrentaction,suchasthenameofthe currentlyselectedobject,orthecurrentiterationnumberorsimulationtime.Errormessagesarealsoshownhere. Whenastaticscalculationisdonemessagesshowingtheprogressofthecalculationareshowninthemessagebox. To see all the messages from the statics calculation CLICK on the message box the StaticsProgressWindow will thenbeopened.TheProgramStateIndicator

Inthecentreandshowswhichstatetheprogramisin(seeModelStates).TheInformationBox

Thisisontheright.Itshowsadditionalinformation,including: Theglobalcoordinatesofthepositionofthecursor,inthecurrentviewplane. Distanceswhenusingthemeasuringtapetool.

4.1.11

MouseandKeyboardActions

AswellasthestandardWindowsmouseoperationssuchasselectionanddraggingOrcaFlexusessomespecialised actions. Clicking the right mouse button over a 3D View, Graph or Text Window displays a popup menu of frequentlyusedactions,suchasCopy,Paste,Exportetc.Forwireframe3DViewsandGraphWindowsthemouse canbeusedforzooming.Simplyholdthe ALTkeydownandusingtheleftmousebutton,dragaboxovertheregion youwanttoview. Allofthemenuitemscanbeselectedfromthekeyboardbypressing ALTfollowedbytheunderlinedlettersthisis describedinyourMicrosoftWindowsManual. Example: Toexitfromtheprogram(menu:File|Exit)pressALT+FthenX,orALTthenFthenX

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Anumberoffrequentlyusedmenuitemsmayalsobeaccessedby shortcutkeys,suchas CTRL+Rtostartareplay. Seethetablesbelow.TheshortcutkeysarealsodisplayedontheOrcaFlexmenus.Wesuggestthatasyoubecome morefamiliarwiththeoperationofOrcaFlexthatyoumemorisesomeoftheshortcutkeysforactionsthatyouuse frequently.KeysonMainWindow

Newmodel Openfile Savefile Opendata Savedata Help Print Show/hideModelBrowser SwitchbetweenModelBrowserandMainWindow Calculatestaticposition Runsimulation Pausesimulation Resetsimulation Openresultsselectionform Gotonextwindow Gotopreviouswindow Tilewindowsvertically Tilewindowshorizontally Closeselectedwindow CloseprogramKeysonModelBrowser

CTRL+N CTRL+O CTRL+S SHIFT+CTRL+O SHIFT+CTRL+S F1 F7 F6 SHIFT+F6 F9 F10 F11 F12 F5 CTRL+F6 SHIFT+CTRL+F6 F4 SHIFT+F4 CTRL+F4 ALT+F4

Editdata Renameobject SwitchtoMainWindow Locate Moveselectedobjects Hide Show Hideallobjects Showallobjects ViewbyGroups ViewbyTypes Lock/Unlockobjects Cut Copy Paste Delete Closebrowser

Enter F2 SHIFT+F6 F3 CTRL+M CTRL+H CTRL+S SHIFT+CTRL+H SHIFT+CTRL+S SHIFT+CTRL+G SHIFT+CTRL+T CTRL+L CTRL+X CTRL+C CTRL+V DELETE ESC

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KeysonDataForms

Help Gotonextdataform Gotopreviousdataform Displaybatchscriptnamesforcurrentlyselected dataitemortable. DisplayPropertiesReport Showconnectionsreport Copyform Exportform Printform Opencalculator CloseformDataSelectionKeys

F1 F6 SHIFT+F6 F7 ALT+ENTER F8 F9 F10 CTRL+P F12 ALT+F4

Gotonextdataitemortable Gotopreviousdataitemortable Gotodataitemortablelabelledwithunderlinedletter Movearoundwithinatable Selectmultiplecellsintable Gotofirstorlastcolumnintable GoupordowntableseveralrowsatatimeDataEditingKeys

TAB SHIFT+TAB ALT+LETTER

SHIFT+ SHIFT+HOME SHIFT+END HOME,END PGUP,PGDN

Enternewvalueforselectedcell Editcurrentvalueofselectedcell Movearoundwithinnewdatavaluebeingentered Acceptedit Accepteditandgotoadjacentcellintable Canceledit Cutselectedcell(s)toclipboard Copyselectedcell(s)toclipboard Pastefromclipboard Fillselectionfromtop(copytopcelldown) Fillselectionfromleft(copyleftmostcelltoright) Fillselectionfrombottom(copybottomcellup) Fillselectionfromright(copyrightmostcelltoleft) Insertnewrowintable Deleteselectedrowoftable3DViewControlKeys

Typenewvalue F2 ,,HOME,END RETURN , ESCCTRL+X CTRL+C CTRL+V CTRL+D CTRL+R CTRL+U SHIFT+CTRL+D CTRL+L SHIFT+CTRL+R INSERT DELETE

Elevationview Planview

CTRL+E CTRL+P

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wCTRL+ALT+ CTRL+ALT+ CTRL+ALT+ CTRL+ALT+ CTRL+Q SHIFT+CTRL+Q CTRL+I SHIFT+CTRL+I

Rotateviewpointup(incrementviewelevationangle) Rotateviewpointdown(decrementviewelevationangle) Rotateviewpointright(incrementviewazimuthangle) Rotateviewpointleft(decrementviewazimuthangle) Rotateviewpoint+90 Rotateviewpoint90 ZoomIn ZoomOut Moveviewcentrefineadjustment Moveviewcentrecoarseadjustment Editviewparametersforcurrent3Dview Resettodefaultview Settodefaultview3DViewControlKeys(forwireframegraphicsonly)

CTRL+ CTRL+W CTRL+T SHIFT+CTRL+T

Show/Hidelocalaxes Show/Hidenodeaxes Show/Hideoutofbalanceforces Undomostrecentdrag Lock/Unlockselectedobject Placenewobject Editselectedobject Cutselectedobjecttoclipboard Copyselectedobject,orviewifnoneselected, toclipboard Pasteobjectfromclipboard(followedbymouseclick orRETURNtopositionthenewobject) Deleteselectedobject MeasuringtapetoolReplayControlKeys

CTRL+Y CTRL+ALT+Y SHIFT+CTRL+Y CTRL+Z CTRL+L SPACEorRETURN CTRL+F2 CTRL+X CTRL+C CTRL+V DELETE SHIFT+CTRL+drag

Start/Stopreplay Replayfaster Replayslower Stepforwardsoneframeinthereplayandpause Stepbackwardsoneframeinthereplayandpause Editreplayparameters

CTRL+R CTRL+F SHIFT+CTRL+F CTRL+A CTRL+B CTRL+D

4.2

MENUS

OrcaFlexhasthefollowingmenus: The File menu has the file opening and saving commands, plus commands for printing or exporting data or resultsandmanaginglibraries. TheEditmenuhasdataandobjecteditingfacilities. TheModelmenugivesaccesstothemodelbuildingfacilities. TheCalculationmenuprovidescommandsforstartingandstoppinganalyses,includingbatchprocessing. TheViewmenuprovidesviewcontrol.

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UserInterface,Menus

TheReplaymenuprovidesreplaycontrol. TheGraphmenugivesyouaccesstofacilitiesrelatedtothecurrentlyactivegraphwindow. TheResultsmenuleadstotheresultsfacilities. TheToolsmenuallowsyouadjustpreferencesandtolockorunlockobjects. TheWorkspacemenuallowsyoutosaveandrestorecollectionsofview,graphandspreadsheetwindows. TheWindowmenugivesaccesstothevariouswindowsthatareavailable,andallowsyoutoadjustthelayoutof yourwindows. TheHelpmenuleadstothevarioushelpdocumentationthatisavailable.

4.2.1New

FileMenu

Deletesallobjectsfromthemodelandresetsdatatodefaultvalues.Open

Openadataorsimulationfile. YoucanalsoopenanOrcaFlexfilebydragginganddroppingitontotheOrcaFlexwindow.Forexampleifyouhave WindowsExplorerrunninginonewindowandOrcaFlexrunninginanotherthenyoucanaskOrcaFlextoopenafile bysimplydraggingitfromExploreranddroppingitovertheOrcaFlexwindow. IfyouopenadatafilethenOrcaFlexreadsinthedata,whereasifyouselectasimulationfilethenOrcaFlexreadsin both the data and the simulation results. To read just the data from a simulation file, you can use the Open Data menuitem. IfyouloadapartiallyrunsimulationthenitcanbecompletedbyusingCalculation|RunSimulation. OrcaFlexcanreadfilesthatwerewrittenbypreviousversionsoftheprogram.Itcanevenreadfileswrittenbymore recent versions of the program. If the file requires a facility that is not available in the version reading it then a warningisgiven.Save

Savethedata,plusthesimulationresultsifasimulationisactive,tothecurrentlyselectedfilename,usingextension .DAT(iftherearenosimulationresults)or.SIM(iftherearesimulationresults).Ifafileofthatnamealreadyexists thenitisoverwritten. Note:SaveAs

Youcannotsavethesimulationwhileitisrunningyoumustpausethesimulationfirst.

ThisisthesameasSavebutallowsyoutospecifythefilenametosaveto.Ifafileofthatnamealreadyexiststhen youareaskedwhethertooverwritethefile.OpenData

Readthedatafromanexistingdatafile(.DAT)orsimulationfile(.SIM),replacingtheexistingmodel.Ifasimulation fileisspecifiedthenOrcaFlexreadsjustthedatafromit,ignoringthesimulationresultsinthefile. Note:SaveData

Toselectasimulationfileyoufirstneedtoset"FileofType"tobe"SimulationFiles(*.sim)".

Savethedataintothecurrentlyselectedfilename,usingextension.DAT.Ifafileofthatnamealreadyexiststhenitis overwritten.SaveDataAs

ThisisthesameasSaveDatabutallowsyoutospecifythefilenametosaveto.Ifafileofthatnamealreadyexists thenyouareaskedwhethertooverwritethefile.

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CompareData

Comparesthedataof2OrcaFlexmodels.SeeComparingDatafordetails.SubmittoDistributedOrcaFlex

SubmitthecurrentfileforprocessingbyDistributedOrcaFlex.Forthisoptiontobeavailable,eithertheDistributed OrcaFlexViewerorClientmustalsobeinstalledonthemachine.Libraries

Youcancreatenew librariesofOrcaFlexobjects,oropenexistinglibraries.Youcanthenimportobjectsfromthe libraryintoyourexistingmodel,orexportobjectsfromyourexistingmodeltothelibrary.Export

DisplaytheExportDialoguebox,allowingyoutoexportData,3DViews,Graphs,SpreadsheetsorTextWindows.See alsoCopy.SelectedPrinter

Allowsyoutochangetheselectedprinter.PrinterSetup

Calls up the Printer Setup dialogue. This standard Windows dialogue is used to select which printer to use, and allows you to controlthewaythat it isused the details varyfrom printerto printer, anddepend on theprinter manufacturer's device driver currently installed. Please refer to the manuals for your printer as well as the Microsoftdocumentation.Print

Displaythe Print Dialoguebox,allowingyoutoprintData, 3DViews, Graphs,Spreadsheets orTextWindows. See Printing.MostRecentFiles

Listofthemostrecentlyusedfiles.Selectinganitemonthelistcausesthefiletobeloaded.Exit

CloseOrcaFlex.

4.2.2

EditMenu

UndoDrag

Undothemostrecentdrag.Thisisusefulifyouaccidentallydraganobject.Cut

Copiesthecurrentselectiontotheclipboardandthendeletesit.Copy

Ifthereisacurrentlyselectedobject(seeSelectingObjects),thenthatobjectiscopiedtotheclipboard.Youcanthen useEdit|Pastetocreateduplicatecopiesoftheobject.Thedatafortheobjectiscopiedtotheclipboardintextform, fromwhereitcanbepastedintoawordprocessordocument. Note: Afterpastingintoawordprocessor,youwillprobablyneedtoputthetextintoafixedspacefont sincemuchofthedataisintables.

If there is no currently selected object then the currently selected 3Dview, text window, graph or spreadsheet is copiedtotheclipboard.

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Paste

Insertobjectfromclipboard.Thiscanbeusedtoduplicateanobjectseveraltimeswithinthemodel.Afterselecting Paste,theobjectisinsertedatthenextmouseCLICKpositionina3Dview. IfthecurrentwindowisaSpreadsheetthenthecontentsoftheclipboardarepastedintothespreadsheet.Delete

If the active window is a 3D View then the currently selected object is deleted. Before the object is deleted, any connectedobjectsaredisconnected,andanygraphsassociatedwiththeobjectareclosed. IftheactivewindowisaSpreadsheetthentheselectedcellsarecleared.SelectAll

SelectsallthecellsinaSpreadsheet.CopyAllData

Copythewholemodeltotheclipboard.Themodeldataiscopiedtotheclipboardintextform,fromwhereitcanbe pastedintoawordprocessordocument.

4.2.3

ModelMenu

ModelBrowser

TogglesthevisibilityoftheModelBrowser.NewVessel NewLine New6DBuoy New3DBuoy NewWinch NewLink NewShape

Createnewobjects.ThemousecursorchangestotheNewObjectsymbol .Theobjectisplacedatthepositionof thenextmouse CLICKwithina3Dview. Athreedimensionalpositionisgeneratedbyfindingthepointwherethe mouse CLICK position falls on a plane normal to the view direction and passing through the Default View Centre. Vesselsarealwaysplacedinitiallyattheseasurface,thatiswiththeiroriginatZ=SeasurfaceZ(seeVesselData).ShowConnectionsReport

Displaysaspreadsheetcontaininginformationaboutallobjectconnectionsinthemodel.TruncateObjectNames

Old versions of OrcaFlex (before 7.4b) cannot read files that contain long object names, i.e. longer than 10 characters.Thismenuitemtruncatesanylongobjectnamesinthemodel.Youshoulddothisifyouwishtosenda filetoanotheruserwhoseversionofOrcaFlexisolderthan7.4b.

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DeleteUnusedTypes

Deletesanytypes(e.g.LineTypes,ClumpTypesetc.)thatarenotinuse.Thisissometimesusefultosimplifyadata file,ortofindoutwhichtypesareinuse.DeleteUnusedVariableDataSources

Deletesanyvariabledatasourcesthatarenotinuse.Thisissometimesusefultosimplifyadatafile,ortofindout whichvariabledatasourcesareinuse.UseCalculatedPositions

Thismenuitemisavailableafterasuccessfulstaticiterationorwhenthesimulationisfinishedorpaused. Ifthemodelisinthestaticscompletestatethenclickingthemenuitemsetstheinitialpositionsofbuoys,vessels and free line ends to be the calculated static positions. This can be desirable when setting up a model, since the positionsfoundarelikelytobegoodestimatesforthenextstaticscalculation. Ifthemodelisinthesimulationpausedorstoppedstate,thenclickingthemenu itemsetstheinitialpositionsof buoysandfreelineendstobethelatestpositionsinthesimulation.ThisisusefulwhenOrcaFlexstaticsfailstofind anequilibriumconfiguration.Insuchcasesyoucanusedynamicswithnowavemotiontofindthestaticequilibrium positionandthenclickUseCalculatedPositions. If a replay is active then clicking the menu item sets the initial positions of buoys and free line ends to be the positionsatthelatestreplaytime.UseSpecifiedStartingShapeforLines

ThismenuitemisanextensionofUseCalculatedPositions.Aswellassettingtheinitialpositionsofbuoys,vessels andfreelineendsitmodifiesdataforallLinesinthefollowingway: 1. 2. TheStep1StaticsMethodissettoUserSpecified. The User Specified Starting Shape data are set to the calculated node positions. As described above these positionsareeithertheresultsofastaticcalculationortheresultsofadynamicsimulation.

UseStaticLineEndOrientations

This menu item is only available after a successful static analysis. Clicking the menu item sets the line end orientationdata,foralllineendsinthemodelthathavezeroconnectionstiffness,totheorientationsfoundinthe staticanalysis.Thisisdoneasfollows. For any line end with zero bend connection stiffness, the end azimuth and end declination will be set to the azimuthanddeclinationoftheendnode,asfoundbythestaticanalysis. Ifthelineincludestorsionandthelineendconnectiontwiststiffnessiszero,thentheendgammawillbesetto thegammaoftheendnode,asfoundbythestaticanalysis.

Thisactioncanbeusefulifyouwanttosetthelineendorientationtothatwhichgiveszeroendmomentswhenthe lineisinitsstaticposition.Todothisfirstsettheendconnectionstiffnessvaluestozero,thenrunthestaticanalysis andthenclickthe UseStaticLineEndOrientationsmenuitem.Youcanthensettheendconnectionstiffnessto theiractualvalues.

4.2.4

CalculationMenu

SingleStatics

Startthesinglestaticscalculation(seeStaticAnalysis).Progressandanyerrormessagesthatoccurarereportedin the Statics Progress Window, which is shown as a minimised window icon. The statics calculation can be interruptedbyCLICKINGtheResetbutton.MultipleStatics

Startsthemultipleoffsetstaticscalculation(seeMultipleStatics).Progressandanyerrormessagesthatoccurare reportedintheStaticsProgressWindow,whichisshownasaminimisedwindowicon.Thestaticscalculationcanbe interruptedbyCLICKINGtheResetbutton.

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RunSimulation

Start a full dynamic simulation (see DynamicAnalysis). If necessary, OrcaFlex will automatically do a statics calculationfirst. During the simulation, the StatusBar shows the current simulation time and an estimate of the time that the simulationwilltake,andall3DViewwindowsandGraphsareupdatedatregularintervals.Theupdateintervalis setintheTools|Preferencesdialoguebox.ThesimulationcanbeinterruptedbyCLICKINGthePausebutton.PauseSimulation

Pausethesimulation.Tosavetheresultsofapartrunsimulationyouneedtopauseitfirst.Thesimulationcanbe restartedbyCLICKINGtheRunbutton.Reset

Resetthemodel,discardinganyexistingresults.Themodelcanthenbeeditedoranewmodelloaded.ExtendSimulation

Thisfacilityisonlyavailablewhenthecurrentsimulationiseitherpausedorcompleted.Itaddsanotherstagetothe current simulation, without having to reset. You are asked to specify the length of the new stage. You can then continuethesimulation,withouthavingtorestartitfromscratch.Thisisparticularlyusefulifyouhaveasimulation thathasnotbeenrunforlongenough. Notethatdataforthenewstage,e.g.forwinchcontrolandvesselprescribedmotion,aresettothesameasforthe previouslaststage.Youcannoteditthedataforthenewstage. Notes: Awinchwillthereforedothesameinthenewstageasinthepreviouslaststage.Soifthewinch mode at the end of the simulation was Specified Tension, Specified Tension Rate or Specified PayoutRate,thenitwillcontinueinthatmodeandwiththesametargettension,tensionrateor payoutrate,respectively.IfthewinchmodeattheendofthesimulationwasSpecifiedPayoutthen the winch will payout the same amount in the new stage, so if the new stage is of a different durationthentheresultingpayoutratewilldiffer. Similarly, a vessel will continue to turn if it was turning at the end of the simulation. If the prescribed motion mode at the end of thesimulation was Constant Velocity then itwill continue withthatsameconstantvelocityinthenewstage.Whereasiftheprescribedmotionmodeatthe endofthesimulationwasVelocityChange,thenitwillmakethesamevelocitychangeagainover the new stage, so if the new stage is of a different duration then the resulting acceleration will differ.

ViewWarnings

Displays a window allowing you to review all warnings displayed by OrcaFlex during a calculation (statics or dynamics). This feature is particularly useful for simulations run in batch mode or by Distributed OrcaFlex. In these circumstanceswarningsarenotdisplayedsincetodosowouldrequireuserintervention.LineSetupWizard

OpenstheLineSetupWizard.ThewizardisonlyavailablewhenthecurrentsimulationisinResetstate.WaveScatterConversion

Opens the Wave Scatter Conversion form. This facility converts a scatter table of sea states to a scatter table of regular(i.e.individual)waves.BatchProcessing

Run a batch of simulations automatically while the program is unattended. See BatchProcessing for details. A BatchModedialogueboxispresented,allowingyoutoselectthedatafilestobeincludedinthebatchrunandthen startthebatchrun.Theresultsareautomaticallywrittentosimulationfileswiththesamenamesasthedatafiles,

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for later inspection. While running in batch mode the program does not require user input and does not request confirmationbeforeoverwritingsimulationfiles.

4.2.5

ViewMenu

ChangeGraphicsMode

Togglesthegraphicsmodebetweenwireframeandshaded.EditViewParameters

Adjust the ViewParameters for the highlighted 3DView. You can adjust the view centre position, view size and direction.SeeViewParameters.RotateUp/Down/Left/Right

Changetheviewdirection,forthehighlighted3DView,bytheviewrotationincrement(seePreferences).Plan

Setthehighlighted3DViewtoaplanview(Elevation=+90).Elevation

Setthehighlighted3Dviewtoanelevationview(Elevation=0).Rotate90/Rotate90

Increase(ordecrease)theviewazimuthby90,forthehighlighted3Dview.ZoomIn/ZoomOut

Clickthezoombuttontozoomin(decreaseviewsize)or SHIFT+CLICKittozoomout(increaseviewsize).Applies onlytothecurrentlyhighlighted3DView.ResettoDefaultView

Resetthecurrentlyhighlighted3Dviewbacktothedefaultviewforthismodel.SetasDefaultView

Setthedefaultviewforthismodeltobethecurrentlyhighlighted3Dview.Axes

Thissubmenugivesyoucontrolofthe3DViewAxesPreferences.SuperimposeTimes

Allowsmodelconfigurationsfordifferenttimesofthesimulationtobesuperimposedin3DViews.SeeSuperimpose Times.CurrentPosition

DrawsthemodelatthelatesttimethisactionisusedtocanceltheSuperimposeTimesview.

4.2.6

ReplayMenu

EditReplayParameters

Adjust the Replay Parameters, such as the period of simulation to replay, the time interval between frames, the replayspeedetc.FormoreinformationseeReplays.Start/StopReplay

Startsorstopsthereplay.

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StepReplayForwards,StepReplayBackwards

Stepthereplayforwardsorbackwardsoneframeatatime.Clickthebuttontostepforwards; CLICKwithSHIFTheld downtostepbackwards.ReplayFaster/Slower

Increaseord

orcaflex 9.2a manual

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