Oral Cavity Is Mirror Image Of Body

Dr Sunny PurohitDepartment of Pedodontia

SDCH

Introduction• It is an easily accessible window to the body• The health status of our oral cavity can give us strong

indication of health of our bodies. It acts as an early warning system.

• 1.Systemic diseases have oral manifestations. • 2.Oral diseases can affect treatment for systemic disease. • 3.Treatment for systemic disease can affect oral health. • 4.Oral disease can increase risk for systemic disease.

Endocrinal Disease Diabetes MellitusThyroid DisordersCushing’s DiseaseAddison’s Disease

Nutritional Deficiency

Congenital Syphilis

Early: first 3 months of life, manifest as

snuffles nasal discharge purulent

• Oral lesions: high-arched palate, short mandible, Hutchinson’s teeth, and Moon’s or mulberry molars

Endocrine Diseases

1. Diabetes Mellitus2. Thyroid Disorders3. Cushing’s Disease4. Addison’s Disease

Diabetes Mellitus

• Oral manifestations- variable & nonspecific

• Fungal & bacterial infection

• Gingivitis, periodontitis, xerostomia, glossodynia, taste change

• Rx: Control of DM Antiobiotic/Antifungal

• Oral hygiene

Thyroid Diseases

• Hypothyroidism: Macroglossia

• Congenital Hypothyroidism: Macroglossia, pronounced lips, & delayed tooth eruption with malocclusion

• Hyperthyroidism: Facial & skin manifestations: upper eyelid

retraction, exophthalmous, hyperpigmentation, & skin erythema

Oral manifestations: early loss of primary teeth with subsequent rapid eruption of permanent teeth(young children)

)

Cushing’s Syndrome

• Long term, high dose corticosteroid administration

• Moon or round face, buffalo humps, central obesity, osteoporosis, DM, HTN

• Oral symptoms: -Increased susceptibility to oral infections (candidiasis) -Muscle weakness difficulty with speaking, & swallowing

Addison’s Disease

• Primary adrenal insufficiency• Destruction of adrenal cortex eg.

autoimmune, metastasis, infection, haemorrhage

• Oral manifestations: diffuse or patchy pigmentation of the skin & mucous membranes (due to increased ACTH-cross reacts with melanin receptors)

• Buccal mucosa, palate, lips, & gingiva

Nutritional Deficiency

• Vitamins & trace elements

1. Inadequate intake2. Impaired digestion & absorption

• Vitamin A deficiency: -Dyskeratotic changes of the skin & mucous

membranes -Angular cheilitis -Defects in the dentin & enamel of developing

teeth

• Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) deficiency: -Angular cheilitis -Burning pain in the lips, mouth, & tongue

• Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency (Pellagra): -Dermatitis, dementia,& diarrhoea -Oral manifestations: glossitis (red, swollen) &

stomatitis, burning tongue

• Vitamin B6 deficiency: -Peripheral neuropathy -Oral lesions-similar to pellagra (i.e. glossitis & stomatitis)

• Vitamin C deficiency (Scurvy): -Cofactor for collagen synthesis -Weakened vessels are responsible for

petechiae, ecchymoses, delayed wound healing

• Deficiency of Vitamin B12 & Folic acid: -Megaloblastic anemia -Oral findings: angular cheilitis, recurrent

aphthous ulcers, & glossitis

• Vitamin D deficiency & Calcium deficiency: -Calcium metabolism -Mandibular osteopenia/osteoporosis, enamel

hypoplasia • Vitamin k deficiency: -Haemorrhagic diathesis -Oral haemorrhagic bullae

• Zinc deficiency: -Taste changes -Acrodermatitis Enteropathica: angular cheilitis, ulcers,

glossitis, crusting, scaling of the lips as well as ulcers, erosions & fissures