ora apps - architecture & concepts

8/3/2019 Ora Apps - Architecture & Concepts

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Oracle AppsOracle Apps Architecture & ConceptsArchitecture & Concepts


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What is ERP?

ERP stands for Enterprise Resource Planning.

The term was derived from MRP Material Resource Planning

used by manufacturing companies.

ERP is some Resource and some Planning but mostly it is about

Enterprises.

It attempts to integrate all departments and functions across acompany to create a single software program that runs off onedatabase.


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3-Tier Architecture


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Desktop Tier

The client interface is provided through HTML for the Self-Serviceinterface, and a Java applet for the professional, forms-based

interface using a Java-enabled Web browser. The desktop client withOracle JInitiator downloads the applet on demand and the applet iscached locally for future


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PHP Personal Home Page


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Application Tier

The application tier hosts the servers that process the businesslogic and Provides the communication between the desktop tier andthe database tier. This tier is also referred to as the middle tier.Oracle 9iApplication Server (9iAS) provides the technology stackused on the application tier. Six servers comprise the application tierfor Oracle Applications:

Web server Forms server Reports server Discoverer server (optional) Concurrent Processing server Admin server


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Concurrent Processing Server

There are reporting programs and data updating programs thatneed to run either periodically, or on an ad hoc basis. To ensurethat resource-intensive concurrent processing operations do not

interfere with interactive operations, they are run on a specializedserver, the Concurrent Processing server.

Processes that run on the concurrent processing server are called

concurrent requests.

When you submit such a request, either through HTML-based orForms-based Applications, a row is inserted into a database table

specifying the program to be run. A concurrent manager reads the

applicable requests in the table, and starts the associatedconcurrent program. The Internal Concurrent Manager servicemonitors the database table for new requests, controls the otherconcurrent managers, and determines when a request should be

processed and which concurrent manager should carry it out.


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Database Tier

The database tier contains the database server, which stores allthe data Maintained by Oracle Applications. It also contains someprocessing code that is stored in the database to optimizeperformance.

In Release 11i, the database includes the Oracle Applicationsonline help information as well. More specifically, the database tiercontains the Oracle data server files and Oracle Applicationsdatabase executables that physically store the tables, indexes, andother database objects for your system.

In general, the database server does not communicate directly withthe Desktop clients, but rather with the servers on the applicationtier, which mediate the communications between the databaseserver and the client.


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Data Model (contd)


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Oracle Application Technological Layer

The Oracle Applications technology layer lies between the OracleApplications technology stack and the Oracle Applications product-

Specific modules.It provides features common to all Oracle Applications products.The products in the Oracle Applications technology layer include:

Oracle Applications DBA (AD)

Oracle Applications Object Library (FND)

Oracle Applications Utilities (AU)

Oracle Common Modules (AK)

Oracle Workflow (WF)

Oracle Alert (ALR)

Oracle Applications Framework (FWK)

Oracle XML Publisher (XDO)


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Oracle Application Technological Layer (contd)

Oracle Application Object Library (FND)

The Oracle Application Object Library is a key component of the

Applications technology layer. It consists of a collection of reusable code,programs, and database objects that provides common functionality acrossall products. Oracle Application Object Library offers many features to makesystem administration easier, such as security setup and maintenance, andmanagement of concurrent processing. Using Application Object Library

ensures that the processing of flexfields or the procedure for reportsubmission, for example, does not vary from one product to another. Oracle

Application Object Library also provides capabilities for developers toextend the operation of Oracle Applications by allowing the creation ofcustom programs that interact with the base modules.


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Oracle Application Object Library (FND) Key Words

Flexfields

Value Sets

Profiles Option

Concurrent Program/Request/Manager

Standard Request Submission (SRS)

Responsibility

Menus


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Developer Features of FND

GUI and coding standardsThe same coding and Graphical User Interface (GUI) standards used by OracleApplications developers are available to custom developers.

Standard Report Submission

Custom reports can be integrated into Standard Report Submission so that they canbe submitted and monitored using the same procedures as other Oracle Applicationsreports. Developers can set up certain menus and responsibilities to access customreports or standard objects.

Flexfield Development

Flexfields used on custom forms can take advantage of existing flexfield capabilitiessuch as value sets, validation, and security rules.

Custom menus and responsibilities

Custom menus and responsibilities can be seamlessly integrated with OracleApplications.


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File System

Oracle Applications product files, technology stack files,

environment files and common files are held in the filesystemon the application tier. In Release 11i, only thedownloaded JAR files are stored on the desktop clientand the database server holds only database files.

Environment settings indicate the location of files in thefile system.The file system includes the following :

Top-Level Directories Product Directories Environment Settings


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Top-Level Directories

The Oracle Applications 11isystem uses componentsfrom many Oracle products. It stores these product

files within several top-level directories as follows :


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Top-Level Directories (contd..)

The DATA or DATA_TOP directory is located on the

database server and it contains the system tablespaces, redolog files, data tablespaces, index tablespaces, and databasefiles.

The DB directory is located on the database server

and it contains the Oracle Home for the Oracle9iRDBMS. The APPL or APPL_TOP directory contains the

product directories and files for Oracle Applications. The ORA directory contains the Oracle Homes for the

Applications technology stack components. The COMN or COMN_TOP (or COMMON_TOP)

directory contains directories and files used across products.


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Top-Level Directories (contd..)

The APPL Directory

Oracle Apps files are stored in the APPLdirectory known as the APPL_TOP directory.


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Product Directories

Within each _TOP directory, the products files are grouped intosubdirectories according to file type and function. The next figureexpands the inset to show the full directory structure for GL


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Multi-Org Architecture

The Oracle Multiple Organization Architecture (Multi-Org)provides support for multiple organizations in a single installationof Oracle E-Business Suite, with relationships you define. Multi-Org specifies how the different organizations interact, and how

transactions flow between them. These organizations can be

Sets of Books

Business Groups

Legal Entities

Operating Units

Inventory Organization


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Multi-Org Architecture (contd)

Set of Books

A financial reporting entity that uses a particular chart of accounts, functionalcurrency, and accounting calendar. Oracle General Ledger secures transactioninformation (such as journal entries and balances) by set of books. When you useOracle General Ledger, you choose a responsibility that specifies a set of books. Youthen see information for that set of books only.

Business Group

The business group represents the highest level in the organization structure, suchas the consolidated enterprise, a major division, or an operation company. Thebusiness group secures human resources information. For example, when yourequest a list of employees, you see all employees assigned to the business group ofwhich your organization is a part.Multiple sets of books can share the same business

group if they share the same business group attributes, including HR flexfieldstructures.

Legal Entity

A legal company for which you prepare fiscal or tax reports. You assign tax identifiers

and other legal entity information to this type of organization.


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Multi-Org Architecture (contd)


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Multiple Reporting Currencies (MRC)

The Multiple Reporting Currencies (MRC) feature allows you to reportand maintain accounting records at the transaction level in more than

one functional currency. This done by defining one or more reportingsets of books, in addition to your primary set of books. In your reportingset(s) of books, you maintain records in a functional currency other thanyour primary functional currency.

Products that support MRC have an associated MRC subtable for eachtransaction table in the base schema that contains currency-sensitive

information, such as conversion rate and transaction amount. Recordsin the base schema transaction table may have one or more MRCsubtable records, which contain currency-sensitive information on the

base transaction, in each associated reporting currency. In the APPSschema, MRC views provide reporting currency representations of eachbase transaction table.

MRC can be used even if the Multi-Org Architecture is not implemented.


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Oracle Apps Concurrent Processing

(Contd)

Concurrent processing simultaneously executes programs runningin the background with online operations to fully utilize your

hardware capacity, hence the name Concurrent Processing.You create concurrent programs for longrunning, dataintensivetasks, such as posting a journal or generating a report.

Concurrent Programs :-is an instance of an execution file, alongwith parameter definitions and incompatibilities. Concurrentprograms use concurrent program executables to locate thecorrect execution file. Several concurrent programs may use thesame execution file to perform their specific tasks, each havingdifferent parameter defaults and incompatibilities.

Concurrent Program Executable- links an execution file or and the

method used to execute it with a defined concurrent program.Under Concurrent Processing, an execution method may be aprogram written in a standard language, a reporting tool, or anoperating system language.


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(Contd.)

An execution method can be a PL/SQL Stored Procedure, an Oracle Toolsuch as Oracle Reports or SQL*Plus, a spawned process, or an operatingsystem host language

Oracle Reports used for the RDF reports

Host used for shell scripts, basically the language of the hostoperating system

PL/SQL Stored procedure used to run the stored procedurethrough oracle applications

SQL*Loader used to run the sql loader programs

SQL*Plus - used to run the anonymous PL/SQL blocks. It will get

executed in the same fashion as you are running on SQL Plus.

Java Stored Procedure The execution file is a Java storedprocedure.

Java Concurrent Program Used for program written in Java.


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Spawned used for c or pro*c Program. Mainly used by standardoracle interfaces.

Perl Concurrent Program used for programs written in CGI Perl.

Request Set Stage Function PL/SQL stored function that can beused to calculate the completion statuses of request set stages.

Concurrent Program Execution File:- A concurrent programexecution file is an operating system file or database storedprocedure which contains your application logic and can beexecuted by either invoking it directly on the command line or byinvoking a program which acts upon it. For example, you run aPro*C program by invoking it on the command line. You run a SQLscript by running SQL*Plus and passing the name of the SQL

script without the .sql extension.


(Contd.)


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Oracle Flex fields

A flexfield, is a flexible data field that your organization can

customize to your business needs without programming. Aflexfield is a field made up of subfields, or segments. Whileflexfields do not require programming, they do allow you toperform significant customizations to the Oracle Applications, so

they do require enough explanation for you to get the most out ofthe features they provide.

Have intelligent fieldsfields comprised of one or more segments, whereeach segment has both a value and a meaning.

Rely upon your application to validate the values or the combination ofvalues that you enter in intelligent fields.

Have the structure of an intelligent field change depending on data in yourapplication.

Capture additional information if you so choose.

Customize data fields to your meet your business needs without

programming.


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Key Flexfields

Key flexfield is a field made up of segments, where each segmenthas both a value and a meaning. You can think of a key flexfield as

an intelligent field that your business can use to storeinformation represented as codes.

Most organizations use codes made up of meaningful segmentsto identify general ledger accounts, part numbers, and otherbusiness entities. Each segment of the code can represent acharacteristic of the entity. For example, consider an accountnumber for a bank. A complete bank number may consists ofvarious segments like the country code, area code, city code,branch code, account type, account number etc.

Bank Number : [01].[002].[08].[S].[124467]

Country Code City Code Branch Code Account Type(Savings/Current)Account #


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Key Flexfields in Oracle Applications

Key Flexfields in Oracle Applications

The Oracle Applications products provide many key flexfields asintegral parts of the products.

Oracle General Ledger -Accounting Flexfield

Cost Center Segment (Cost Center/Dept)

Natural Account Segment (Account)

Balancing Segment (Company)

Intercompany Segment (Division)

Oracle Inventory - Item Catalogs, Item Categories


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Descriptive Flexfields

Descriptive flexfields provide a flexible way for Oracle Applicationsto provide customizable "spaces" within a page or pages of an

application. Descriptive flexfield segments are only added to apage when configured by the customer. They are then treated likeany other type of label/data or tabular data, except that they aregrouped in a single content area.

For ex.,the XYZ Widget Company might require a customized HRapplication including descriptive flexfield segments for additionalemployee data not generally required by other Oracle customers.

There are three types of descriptive flexfield segments:

Global Segment: always appears on the customer's applicationpage, regardless of the context.

Context Segment: a controlling choice list or LOV field that alwaysappears on the customer's application page, regardless of context.

Context Sensitive Segment: only appears when an appropriateselection is made in the context segment (the controlling field) See

below for more details.


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Value Set

Value Set is a collection of values. It validates the values enteredby the user for a flex-field, report parameters or a concurrent.

The navigation path: Application :- Validation :- Sets

Types of Validations:

None :- Validation is minimal.

Independent :- The data input is based on previously defined list ofvalues.

Dependent :- The data input is checked against a defined set ofvalues.

Table :- The data input is checked against values in a table.

Special :- The data input is checked against a flex-field.

Pair :- The data input is checked against two flex-field specified

range of values.


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Translatable independent :- The data input is checked againstpreviously defined list of values.

Translatable dependent :- The data input is checked againstdefined set of values.

Value Set(Contd)


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Thank You !

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