ORHow do we identify organisms

based on who they are related to, what they are made of, or what

they do?

TAXONOMY

What does a sea moth look like?

DRAGON SEA MOTH

Taxonomy

The science of classification Taxonomy is a system of grouping

organisms based on phylogeny (evolutionary relationships), biochemistry and morphology (structure)

Why classify?– Huge amount of diversity among living

things– Helps to make sense of it all

Goals of Classification Goal # 1: Give each type of

organism a unique name understood by all

Binomial nomenclature – 2-name naming system:– Developed by Carrolus Linneaus based

on visible characteristics– Genus & species– Ex. Panulirus interruptus, a.k.a. Pacific

spiny lobster, rock lobster or crayfish

Only about 1 million of 10 million organisms have been identified and named so far

Goal # 2 – Group organisms according to how closely related they are

“Related” means they share a common evolutionary history (phylogeny)

Allows scientists to develop better understanding about organisms & make comparisons & predictions

Taxonomy

How do we classify?– Look for common characteristics

Phylogeny (evolutionary relationships) Biochemistry Morphology (structure)

– Ability to reproduce – biological species

Tree of Life

Taxonomic Levels (8 Taxa)

Domain - 3

Kingdom - 6

Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Example:Domain: EukaryotaKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: CetaceaFamily: DelphinidaeGenus: TursiopsSpecies: T. truncatus

8 Taxa

Domain -

Kingdom -

Phylum - Class - Order - Family - Genus - Species -

Dear KingPhilip CameOverForGoodSoup

3 Domains

Bacteria Archaea Eukaryota

6 Kingdoms

Archaebacteria Bacteria (Eubacteria) Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

Major Marine Phyla from Kingdom Animalia:

(1) Porifera(2) Cnidaria(3) Annelida(4) Mollusca(5) Arthropoda(6) Echinodermata(7) Chordata

Major Marine Classes from Kingdom Animalia:

Mollusca – Gastropoda, Pelecypoda, Cephalapoda

Arthropoda – Crustacea, Merostomata

Echinodermata – Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea

Chordata – Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Ostiechthyes, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia