optimism wint, htut khine, natalie and eleanor. why optimism? ●benefits to a person-good trait? o...
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OptimismWint, Htut Khine, Natalie and Eleanor
Why Optimism?
● Benefits to a person-Good Trait?o How to improve oneself
● How mental attitude affects societyo What changes in society if more Optimists?o Good or Bad thing for society?
● Testing our own personal hypotheseso Put them on the line!
Goals
● Defining Optimismo Finding questions that relate
● Calculating Optimism score from ?’s● What affects optimism? (Question 1)● What optimism effects? (Question 2)
Optimism Definition
● Hopefulness or positivity about the future, our role in society and outcomes
Data sets● Didn’t have a data set that directly measured optimism.● PEW
o Used to calculate optimism scoreo Explanatory and response variables for optimism
● Gallup Poll○ Collected National data about how optimistic people
are about their city○ Used to validate the results of our own optimism
calculation
Cleaning the Data
● Change to CSV format● Removing unnecessary columns● Convert optimism questions to numerics● Change “Don’t know/Refused” to “NA”
o Don’t know is ambiguous● Calculating Optimism score● Change states to regions - Gallup Poll
Optimism Score
● Chose 23 questions from the Pew study.● Weighted each question by relevance to
optimism● Gallup Poll, Distribution!
Optimism Distributions
Hypotheses - Question 1
● Explanatory variables for Optimismo Demographics (Age, Gender, etc.)o Least likely to be affected by optimism
No crossover● See if certain demographics lead to higher optimism
o Groups with societal advantages would be more optimistic (Caucasian, Upper Class, Christians)
o Women more optimist Assumption that women are more positive
Findings and Analysis
● Gender, Race, Religion
Findings and Analysis-Income
Findings and Analysis-Age
Hypotheses-Question 2
● Evolved through analysis of Question 1● How does mental attitude affect views on
society?o Optimism is good for society
Subjectiveo Optimists would be open to change in
society View change as good thing
Findings and Analysis-Question 2
https://hwin16.shinyapps.io/OptimismApp/
Complications
● Lacked details in demographicso “Not employed”
● Long Questionnaire and Phone Interviewo Not accurate
● Gallup Pollo City Optimism-Not perfect comparison
● Wider spread of demographicso Many Southern, Christians, White
Future Analysis/Application
● Data set not specifically about optimismo Make specific poll for optimismo Accurate score
● Investigate the role Realism● More effectively promote social change
o Focus on Pessimists● Use in therapy
o More effectively treatmentso Understand what causes poor mental attitude
Conclusions
● Most people are optimistic!● Unchangeable demographics do not
affect optimism● Other demographics have a logical trend● Optimists are open to societal changes
Class Optimism!
Class Minimum:Class Maximum:Class Mode:Class Average (mean):
Class Optimism!
Class Minimum: 1Class Maximum:Class Mode:Class Average (mean):
Class Optimism!
Class Minimum: 1Class Maximum: 9Class Mode:Class Average (mean):
Class Optimism!
Class Minimum: 1Class Maximum: 9Class Mode: 8Class Average (mean):
Class Optimism!
Class Minimum: 1Class Maximum: 9Class Mode: 8Class Average (mean): 6.36
Questions?
Link to our website:http://people.cornellcollege.edu/whnin15/website