optima’s 1078 house construction manual
DESCRIPTION
Optima’s 1078 House CONSTRUCTION MANUAL. Jessica Farr Sierra Farber Fernando Castillo. 1. VDC Proposal Outline. 1.1 Cover Letter 1.2 Case Example 1.3 Value Proposition 1.4 Background 1.5 Sponsor and Team Objectives 1.6 Specific Aims 1.7 Product, Organization, Process - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Optima’s 1078 House CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
Jessica FarrSierra FarberFernando Castillo
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1. VDC Proposal Outline
1.1 Cover Letter1.2 Case Example1.3 Value Proposition1.4 Background1.5 Sponsor and Team Objectives1.6 Specific Aims1.7 Product, Organization, Process2.0 Breakdown Structures3.0 Coordination and Rework7.0 Compressing Schedule8.0 PIP Process and Assumptions9.0 and 10.0 MACDADI Analysis11.0 Business Recommendations to Client12.0 VDC Modeling Recommendations
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Business Decision
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Paper Virtual
Cost Low initial.High long term.
High initial.Low long term.
Goodness 145 230 Mar
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• Assumed Engineering Problem: Mr. David Hovey Jr. desires to produce an effective visual, paper-based construction manual for his 1078 ft2 House project.
• Team qualifications to Solve this Engineering Problem: • (Product) 3D BIM modeling and analyses skills• (Product/Process) 4D modeling skills• (Organization/Process) SimVision modeling and analyses skills• (Product/Organization/Process) POP & MACDADI modeling and analyses skills
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1.1 Cover Letter
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Architect, David Hovey Jr. sponsored our CEE211 Team to produce a paper construction manual for his 1078 ft2 house project, which will inevitably aid the GC, the superintendent, and crews to achieve schedule conformance during the construction of the 1078 ft2 house.
Our team took a VDC approach to this task by using POP, SimVision, BIM (3D) *provided by the sponsor*, 4D, models in order to provide the sponsor with two visual construction manual design options: one paper and the other virtual.
These modeling tools allowed our team to analyze the potential effects to schedule conformance given the use of a paper or a virtual manual during construction.
We looked to differences in overall process risk, rentable area, schedule, hidden work, and actor backlog in order to see which design option would better increase schedule conformance and cost conformance.
Finally, our team used a MACDADI analysis, which compiles and synthesizes all predicted process behavior and outcome performance metrics, in order to determine the overall “goodness” of the paper construction manual versus the virtual construction manual.
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4D ModelMACDADI Model SimVision Model
1.1 Cover Letter, Executive Summary
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1.5 Sponsor & Team Objectives
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Sponsor Team’s Design ResponseObjectives *Produce a visual, paper-based
construction manual*Schedule conformance is key (13-day Schedule)*No analysis of product, organization, or process.
*Create a visual, paper construction manual. *Provide an alternative design option: a virtual construction manual.*Compare (through modeling & analysis) the “goodness” of paper vs. virtual. Design Response Assessment: We are giving our sponsor exactly what he wants, but are also providing him with a more VDC-like design alternative.
Model Deliverables *3D Snapshots*4D Snapshots*Checklists (Gantt Chart, Bill of Materials
*Interactive 3D (Area)*Playable 4D (Constructability)*Database of historic performance based on online checklist reporting and conformance to objectives.
Additional Model Analysis
None *Rentable Area (3D Model)*POP/MACDADI to compare design options.*SimVision will model/predict the benefits or disadvantages of an interactive virtual manual.
- Less/More Process Risk?- Less/More Actor Backlog?- Less/More Hidden Work?- Less/More Schedule Conformance?
Explanation of Design Response: The baseline design option (the paper manual) conforms exactly to sponsor objectives. However, the alternative design option (the virtual manual) does not conform at all to sponsor objectives as the sponsor directly stated that all he wanted was the paper construction manual.
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Paper vs. Virtual Manual – ScenarioTask: Install Slab on Grade Using: Paper Construction Manual• 6:00 am: Superintendent shows up to the 1078
site in the morning that the slab on grade is to be installed.
• 6:30 am: Half of the concrete crew with the cement trucks show up on time, the concrete sub is late
• Crew has no study of the site prior to arrival• 6:45 am: Superintendent has one set of a paper
construction manual that he uses and there may be another copy lying around
• 6:50 am: Superintendent goes to look for the other paper construction manual in the on-site office
• 6:50-8:30 am: Superintendent gets caught up in the office with a call from another subcontractor
• 8:30 am: Superintendent begins looking for the other paper manual 7
Task: Install Slab on GradeUsing: Virtual Construction Manual• 6:00 am: Superintendent shows up to the
1078 site in the morning that the slab on grade is to be installed
• 6:30 am: Half of the concrete crew shows up on time, the concrete sub is late
• Crew has no study of the site prior to arrival
• 6:45 am: Superintendent tells the concrete crew to download the 1078 construction manual application so that they can begin work
• 7:00 am: Concrete crew views the virtual construction manual on their phones
• 7:20 am: Concrete crew begins their work
Virtual Manual allows Superintendent to conduct other business and allows the on-time half of the concrete crew to start the job on time.
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Paper Manual
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Functional Requirement
Introduction/OverviewGantt Chart
Materials List
Tools/Equiptment List
Day by Day ScheduleDay by Day Task
BreakdownMaterials, Actors,Tools
List per TaskBIM Images
Corresponding to Day by Day Tasks
Task Quality Check Lists
4D Images Corresponding to Day
by Day Tasks
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1.7 Alternative Design Option POP Model
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3 Product Changes in the Alternative Design Option POP Model will allow for a virtually interactive construction manual—unlike the Baseline Model
2 Additional Actors will allow for a useful, usable, and accessible design of an web/app construction manual
@ Additional Tasks will be performed by the Web/App developer: Final Design & Production of the Web/App Construction Manual
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Virtual Manual (The Webpage)
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POP
3D 4D
SimVision
Checklists ScheduleConstruction Manual
Combine and conquer!
www.1078house.com
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Checklist, Report, and Support
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Virtual Manual – Data Collection
• Collect actual duration data from virtual field reports.
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Virtual Manual – Data Visualization
• Analyze actual duration data from virtual field reports.
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= Expected Duration = Acceptable Duration
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Virtual Manual – Data Analysis
• Analyze actual duration data from virtual field reports.
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= Expected Duration = Acceptable Duration
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Virtual Manual – React to Data
• React to actual duration data from virtual field reports.
15Learn from
Learn from
Update manual
Improve Process1
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SimVision Model - Assumptions
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Paper Manual Risk: 5%
Virtual Manual Risk: 1%
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Virtual Manual - Assumptions
• Considering the following benefits from the virtual manual:• Data collection and analysis.• Highly updatable.• High quality of information (actual 3D and 4D models)• Ease of access to the manual (assuming builders have iPhones or
iPads or that one is provided to them for the job)• The benefits listed above lead us to the following assumption:
• Functional probability risk in the SimVision model will be reduced by the use of the virtual manual.
• Functional Error Probability with paper manual: 5%• Functional Error Probability with virtual manual: 1%
• The following slides compare the results of 5 different analyses based on the assumption above.
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1.5cont.) 1st Predicted Behavior: Process Risk
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Decision Dashboard in SimVision models the Functional Error Probability: The likelihood that a task will fail and will require rework
We made an assumption that using the virtual manual will result in less rework (1% functional error probability) because the virtual manual historic checklist database will allow the GC & superintendent to avoid potential problems and will, possibly, offer guidance to solve them if they cannot be avoided.
We made an assumption that using the paper manual will result in more rework (5% functional error probability) because the paper manual does not have a historic checklist database which would allow the GC & the superintendent to avoid potential problems and would, possibly, offer guidance to solve them if they cannot be avoided.
Higher Functional Error Probability =Higher Process Risk
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1.5cont.) 2nd Predicted Behavior: Schedule Conformance
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Paper Based Manual
Virtual Manual
Gantt Chart shows a 4 day shorter schedule (30% shorter) for the virtual manual.
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1.5cont.) 3rd Predicted Behavior: Hidden Work
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Decision Wait
Coordination
Rework
Virtual Manual
Paper Manual
Hidden Work is greatly reduced by using the virtual manual over the paper manual
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1.5 cont.) 4th Predicted Behavior: Actor Backlog Latency
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Backlog with Paper Manual
Backlog with the Virtual Manual
Max Backlog is the same (0.4days) in the use of the paper manual or the virtual manual M
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1.5 Five Predicted Project Behaviors 5th Predicted Behavior: Rentable Area
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Rentable Area (same for paper & virtual manual) – Modeled in Revit
Carport square footage is not included in the 1078 ft2 count
Square footage modeled in Revit is about equal to 1078ft2.
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9. MACDADI - (Goodness)
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Based on the MACDADI, the Design Alternative is a better
option. As the baseline design fails in two of the most weighted
objectives
Baseline Alternative Required
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BaselineAlternative
1.3 Value Proposition
• Our proposed virtual manual provides the owner with multiple benefits over the paper based manual, including:• No paper!• Accessible on mobile devices and big screens during meetings.• Access to fully operable 3D and 4D models (not just snapshots.)• Reviews from the one day building course.• Online checklist field reporting and data base creation.• Highly adaptable and updatable without major costs.
• In sum, our VDC approach allows us to make very EXPLICIT ASSUMPTIONS and model-based PREDICTIONS that can help the client to visualize, analyze, interpret, and evaluate the differences between the paper and the virtual manual. All this to allow the client to make a better informed decision about the future of the construction manual.
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8. PIP – Process and Assumptions
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Area, Cost
Backlog, Risk, Conformance
Assumptions• The analyses will be useful to Optima, though not requested• Predictions based directly from models provided by Optima are
highly accurate• Predictions from SimVision are useable for course-level analyses,
though based off of higher level of detail models
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12. VDC Modeling Recommendations
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POP •Define scope and determine 10 most important product, organization, process elements.•Define POP behavior objectives
Breakdown Structures •Break down your product, organization, and process.
•Keep structures at the appropriate level of detail (match detail in POP model)
3D •Generate a 3D model that conforms to the product to be built using the virtual construction manual (1078 house.)
Schedule •Generate a detailed schedule comprising of tasks, durations, and dependencies for the product to be built using the virtual construction manual (1078 house.)
4D •Generate a 4D model using the 3D model and schedule.
SimVision •Model organization and process based on the requirements for the product to be built using the virtual construction manual. Assign responsible actors, rework and coordination links, and risk level.
Virtual Manual •Incorporate POP, breakdown structures, 3D, schedule, 4D, and SimVision information into online manual.
Generate checklists to check conformance to objectives. Build data base and improve process.
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1.2 Case Example
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Product Cost (K$)
Evaluated goodness
V1 157948 145
V2 157948 230
Required 160,000 200Functional RequirementIntroduction/
OverviewGantt Chart
Materials ListTools/Equiptment
ListDay by Day Schedule
Day by Day Task Breakdown
Materials,Actors,Tools List per Task
BIM Images Corresponding to Day by Day TasksTask Quality Check
Lists 4D Images
Corresponding to Day by Day Tasks
Functional Requirement
Organization Form (Actor)
Optima OptimaGeneral Contractor General Contractor
Advisor J. KunzAdvisor Henning
CEE 211 Team CEE 211 Team
Responsible Actor Process Form (Task
Action: Object)CEE 211
Team/Advisors Conceptual DesignOptima Approval
CEE 211 Team Final DesignOptima ApprovalOptima ProductionOptima Distribution
GC Use in Field
Product elements for paper construction
manual requested by Optima
Process and organization necessary for development of baseline paper manual
Goodness of baseline paper model (V1) determined by model based analyses and provided information (cost and rentable space).
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1.4 Background
• Project Objectives: Provide a construction manual to help achieve the strict schedule goals set for the 1078 house.
• Proposed VDC Approach: Provide a virtual construction manual to aid in the construction process.
• Site Plan: The house should be buildable anywhere in the US.• Alternative Solution: As discussed before, the virtual manual
provides many advantages over a paper-based manual.• Current State of the Art: Usually there are no construction
manuals, and those that exist are paper based.• Scope of the Problem: The reductions in risk resulting from
the benefits of the virtual manual are modeled in SimVision.• Constraints on Solutions: Contractors must have access to
mobile devices with internet access and commit to submit their field reports.
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1.6 Specific Aims
• Deliverables: SimVision model and analysis, virtual manual (website), POP model, 3D and 4D models, paper manual
• Content: the POP model contains the breakdowns of the most important items (each about 10% of the project) for the Product, Organization, and Process.
• Predicted Behaviors: the Virtual Manual will provide the client the tools necessary to achieve the project quality and schedule goals.
• Required Hardware and Software: Computer, internet domain and hosting, internet access, SimVision, Revit, Navisworks, MS Project
• Exclusions and non-aims: It was not our intent to deliver a complete and highly detailed paper construction manual.
• Next steps: finalize details on virtual manual and implement it in the construction of many 1078 houses.
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1.7 Process and Organization (Baseline)
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Responsible Actor Process Form (Task
Action: Object)CEE 211
Team/Advisors Conceptual DesignOptima Approval
CEE 211 Team Final DesignOptima ApprovalOptima ProductionOptima Distribution
GC Use in Field
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Due to the product not being a building, POP field use is not useful to Optima. Instead the model is useful in the design of the construction manual, as it allows for Optima to set important product elements and choose the process and organization for the manual design.
2. PBS Analysis
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Product Break Down Structure of Alternative Design Option (supports detailed scheduling analysis)PL1: 1078 House PL2: Web/App Construction Manual PL3: Introduction/Overview PL3: Gantt Chart PL3: Materials List PL3: Tools/Equipment List PL3: Day by Day Schedule PL3: Day by Day Task Breakdown PL3: Materials, Actors, Tools List Per Task PL3: Interactive 3D Images PL3: Database of Historic Performance Based off Checklists PL3: Playable 4D Model
Product Break Down Structure of Baseline Design Option (supports detailed scheduling analysis)PL1: 1078 House PL2: Paper Construction Manual PL3: Introduction/Overview PL3: Gantt Chart PL3: Materials List PL3: Tools/Equipment List PL3: Day by Day Schedule PL3: Day by Day Task Breakdown PL3: Materials, Actors, Tools List Per Task PL3: 3D BIM Images Corresponding to Day by Day Tasks PL3: Task Quality Checklists PL3: 4D Images Corresponding to Day by Day Tasks
Pro
duct
P
rodu
ctPOP Model Correlation
Differences between the Baseline and Alternative Design Option Product Breakdown Structures
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2. OBS Analysis
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Org
aniz
atio
n O
rgan
izat
ion
Organization Breakdown Structure of Alternative Design Option (supports organizational analysis)OL1: Sponsor, Optima OL2: Advisor, J. Kunz OL2: Advisor, Henning OL3: CEE 211 Team OL4: Web/App Developer
OL5: General Contractor OL5: Superintendent
Organization Breakdown Structure of Baseline Design Option (supports organizational analysis)OL1: Sponsor, Optima OL2: Advisor, J. Kunz OL2: Advisor, Henning OL3: CEE 211 Team OL4: General Contractor
Differences between the Baseline and Alternative Design Option Product Breakdown Structures
POP Model Correlation
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2. WBS Analysis
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Work Breakdown StructureWL1: Create Web/App Construction Manual WL2: Conceptual Design of Web/App Construction Manual WL3: Approval of Conceptual Design WL2: Final Design of Web/App Construction Manual WL1: Production of Web/App Construction Manual WL2: Use of Construction Manual in Field WL3: Interact with Web/App Construction Manual
Work Breakdown StructureWL1: Create Paper Construction Manual WL2: Conceptual Design of Paper Construction Manual WL3: Approval of Conceptual Design WL2: Final Design of Paper Construction Manual WL1: Production of Paper Construction Manual WL2: Distribution of Construction Manual WL2: Use of Construction Manual in Field
Pro
cess
POP Model Correlation
Differences between the Baseline and Alternative Design Option Product Breakdown Structures
Pro
cess
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3. Coordination and Rework
• Rework links were added to the SimVision model where task dependencies where evident to us. An example is shown below.
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Potential time-space interference between the curing of the slab and the erection of the steel columns (since the construction method/order will be no different with a paper or web/app construction manual this applies to both the baseline and the alternative model).
Coordination and Rework Links
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7. Compressing Schedule
• Given that the construction method is already optimized we decided to analyze how hidden work resulting from project risks delay the schedule. We assumed that the use of the virtual manual can reduce the functional risk to 0.01 as compared to 0.05 in the paper-based manual model. The results of the assumption are shown below.
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Paper Based Manual
Virtual Manual
Gantt Chart shows a 4day delay using the
paper-based manual. This is a 30%
delay on schedule!
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10. MACDADI - (Predictions and Believability)
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Predicted Behaviors Paper Web/App
Rentable Area 1078 sq ft 1078 sq ft
Actor Backlog 0.4 days 0.4 days
Product Risk 34% 12%
Process Risk 77% 33%
Hidden Work 13 days 2 days
Schedule Conformance 69% 92%
Cost Conformance 85% 95%
Product Conformance 66% 88%
Believability of Predicted Behaviors• Rentable Area and Cost are based off of the BIM model, which
were detailed and provided by Optima• Backlog and Hidden Work values come from SimVision and
are based directly off of Optima’s detailed schedule provided to us
• Product Risk and Process Risk for the baseline are based directly off of provided information from Optima and for the Alternative, assumptions were made to determine the change in risk factor
• All Conformance behaviors are based off of SimVision analyses
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Business Decision
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Paper Virtual
Cost Low initial.High long term.
High initial.Low long term.
Goodness 145 230
0
50
100
150
200
250Relative Goodness
Baseline Alternative Required
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11. Business Recommendations to Client
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Consider using a Virtual Construction Manual M
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14. ORID
• O:• David Hovey Jr. wants a paper construction manual for the 1078
house.• We will provide David with a virtual construction manual.
• R(+):• The virtual manual is live and fun to use.
• R(-):• Communication with sponsor was difficult because the sponsor’s
and the class’s objective were very different.• I:
• Virtual manual uses VDC methods to provide an opportunity to help achieve the sponsor’s business objectives.
• D:• Propose David to at least consider the use of a virtual manual.
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14. Comments
• Time:• A lot, we did not measure the time we spent in the project. A
guess is that at least 50 hours.• Lesson:
• It is very important to align the objectives between the sponsor and the class. Given that we were unsuccessful at doing this it was very important for us to make some assumptions and made the best out of it.
• Confusing:• Why a construction manual?• It would have been really nice if the sponsor’s objectives were
more aligned with the class from the onset.
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