opportunities for building excellence dr. dean schneider dr. john estes brooks energy &...
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Opportunities for Building Excellence
Dr. Dean SchneiderDr. John Estes
Brooks Energy & Sustainability Lab
The Brooks Energy & Sustainability Lab
• Consortium of the Texas Engineering Experiment Station (Texas A&M University) and the Georgia Tech Research Institute
• We promote state-of-the-art technology in Energy Management and Sustainability
The Brooks Energy & Sustainability Lab
• Mission: Technology Transfer to enhance– Cost Effectiveness– Life-cycle Performance– Livability
of facilities and infrastructures
GOAL: High Performance Buildings
The High Performance Building
• Cost-Effective– Energy Efficient– Energy Requirements Minimized– Highly Maintainable– Sustainable
• Healthy & Productive– Ergonomically appropriate– Healthy, Safe, and Secure to Live in
(Indoor Environmental Quality)
Energy Efficiency
• Energy Reduction Technologies– Energy Auditing– Building
Commissioning– Continuous
Commissioning®
– Measurement and Verification
– Distributed Energy– Renewable Energy
U.S. Rates by State
Components of Energy Costs
• Peak Demand• Energy Charge (usage)• Power factor adjustment• Generation charge (fuel cost)• Source surcharge (e.g. CPS Windtricity
Program)
Identify sensitivity of your costs to the above components
Energy Auditing
• Initial Audit a free service of CPS– Identifies “easy opportunities”– HVAC efficiency issues– Lighting retrofit possibilities– Demand scheduling
• Rate negotiations dependent on demand
What is Commissioning?• A quality assurance process for building
construction• A way to coordinate the quality assurance
processes of the architect, engineer, and contractors
• A systematic process for ensuring that the design intent is met throughout design, construction and operation
• A dedicated individual (the Commissioning Authority) who serves as the owner’s “Champion for Quality”
Benefits of Commissioning
• More comfortable and healthy buildings
• Reduced startup and life-cycle costs– Higher costs in Design and Engineering– Lower costs in Construction– Lower costs in Occupancy
• Less headaches during construction– Reduced callbacks, replanning, redesign
• Design intent is met – happier owners and occupants
Existing Building Commissioning
• Similar to new building commissioning except optimization is to current use (vs. design intent)
• Ensures building MEP systems fully operational
• Trains building operators for effective maintenance program
• TAMU Continuous Commissioning® technique documents near-term savings of 20%
Demand Reduction Techniques
• Distributed generation solutions– BCHP (co-generation) can be cost
effective– Investment grade energy audit
necessary for economic validation• Renewable energy solutions
– Solar power generation (reduces grid load)
– Solar hot water – can provide cooling– Wind generation (San Antonio?)
Sustainability
• The ability to sustain current operations without negative impact to the future – Most advantages reaped with new
building design– Minimizes impact of current
operations on future – Can provide life cycle savings– A holistic approach
Elements of Sustainability• Energy & Atmosphere
– Daylighting– Vegetative shading– HVAC Controls– High Energy Efficiency
Systems
• Sustainable sites– High albedo roofs– Alternative pavements– Native landscaping– Alternative fuel
vehicles
Elements of Sustainability• Water efficiency
– High efficiency fixtures– High efficiency irrigation
• Materials & Resources– C&D Waste Recycling– Recycled Content
Materials– Recovered Materials– Plastic Lumber
• Indoor Environmental Quality– CO² Monitors/Controls– Paints – Daylighting
Sustainability for Existing Structures
• Can utilize sustainability concepts during O&M– Low VOC paints– Recycled carpet– Corporate recycling programs– Energy retrofits (daylighting, etc.)
Indoor Environmental Quality
• Necessary for healthy habitation within buildings
• Can be legal liability• Correctly operating HVAC system
is a prerequisite• Extremely dependent on state of
building maintenance
CO2 Fingerprint School J 12/98 - 3/99
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Importance of Operation & Maintenance
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70% RelativeHumidity at75 degrees
Weekend Shutdown
Desiccant System On(15 cfm/student outdoor air)
Desiccant System Off (0 cfm/student outdoor air) On
Humidity Variation with and without Humidity Control
Important IAQ Findings• Higher space humidities in the conventional schools was
compensated by lowering the space temperature – an average of 2ºF during the cooling season (conventional schools averaged 74ºF while the desiccant school averaged 76ºF)
– Modeling indicated that operating at 76ºF versus 74ºF would result in a 23% reduction in cooling season energy consumption for a typical school in the metro Atlanta area delivering 15 cfm/person outdoor air using a desiccant-cooling system
• Energy modeling using desiccant-cooling indicated that an average school could reduce its annual energy costs by ~$15,000 for every 1000 students, which is in addition to the savings by raising the temperature set point 2ºF
Humidity Control and Ventilation Systems
Implementation of active humidity control & continuous ventilation systems improved IAQ in four of the measured parameters.
• Air exchange rates increased by 59%
• CO2 levels decreased by 35%
• Total aldehyde & ketone levels decreased by 24%
• Total VOC levels decreased by 58%
Cradle to Grave Approach
• Train your staff• Building
assessments• Sampling• Lab analysis &
interpretation• Design of new
equipment• Monitor performance
of equipment• IAQ Commissioning• Develop IAQ
management plans
Energy Efficiency Funding Options
• CPS rebates limited to Natural Gas conversion (converting electrical grid load to NG driven devices (not economically viable with today’s NG cost)
• Performance contracting• Pay as you go retrofits
Economic justification may include avoided cost of litigation
BESL Capabilities
• Energy Auditing• Commissioning (Building and IAQ)• Measurement and Verification• Distributed Energy Resources• Renewable Energy Analysis• Sustainability• LEED Certification• Indoor Environmental Quality
BESL Contacts
Located at Brooks City Base, San Antonio, TX
PO Box 35399 San Antonio, TX 78235-5399
phone210/534-7227fax210/534-7238
Dean Schneider, BESL ManagerExt. 228 [email protected]
John Estes, GTRI Site ManagerExt. 240
Kristin HeinemeierExt. 223 [email protected]
Balaji SanthanakrishnanExt. 245 [email protected]
Mike MartinExt. 222 [email protected]
Anita LedbetterExt. 244 [email protected]
Don LandryExt. 243 [email protected]
Alison YoungExt. 233 [email protected]