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Security of gas supply: The role of gas developments in the Mediterranean regionMalta Energy Conference 2014

10-11 July, 2014

“Operators’ Perspectives for Upstream Developments:

Risks and Rewards in the Levant Basin”Noble Energy International Ltd

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Eastern Mediterranean

CYPRUS TRENCH

LATAKIA RIDGE

NILE DELTA

LEVANTBASIN

ERATOSTHENESHIGH

Syria

n Arc

Trend

Dead

Sea

Tran

sfor

m

Temsah Trend

Dalit

Leviathan Tamar

Cyprus

Mari-BNoa

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Major Levant Basin Discoveries!

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Block 12 Syria

Jordan

Israel

Lebanon

JOR

DA

N

NAHR AL LI

TANI

NAHR AL ASI

RIV

ER JO

RD

AN

DEAD

SEA

NAHR

AL

ASI

NAHR AL LITANI

NAHR AL ASI

JOR

DA

N

NAHR AL A

SI

KTIMA

ASHDOD

HADERA

KYRENIA

TEL-AVIV

ASHKELON

LIMASSOLVasilikos

185 Km

Mari-B

Dalit

Tamar

Leviathan

Cyprus A

Cyprus

Recent Eastern Mediterranean Gas Discoveries

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Levant Basin – History (1)

• Major oil and gas activity nearby (Egypt, Libya)• Minor oil and gas finds in shallow water• Deep water technology was barrier until 1990’s• Offshore licensing in region:

– Israel (negotiated awards)– Cyprus (2 licensing rounds, in 2008 and 2013)– Egypt (Nile Delta, Deep-water licensing rounds)– Lebanon (planned licensing rounds)– Turkey (negotiated awards)

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Levant Basin – History (2)• Commercial activities commenced with Noble’s Mari-B

natural gas discovery in Israel in 243 m WD, in 2000 (1 TCF) – production started in 2004, supplying domestic power generation

• Ultra-deep-water era started with Tamar discovery in 2009, in 1,676 m WD (about 10 TCF, currently producing up to 1 BCFD)

• Leviathan discovered in 2010 in about 1,700 m WD, about 19 TCF, currently being appraised

• Aphrodite discovered in Cyprus Block 12 in 2011, also in about 1,700 m WD (3.6 to 6 TCF, mean of 5 TCF)

• Further drilling planned during 2014 and 2015 in Cyprus’ EEZ

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Levant Basin Commercialization (1)• Currently about 40 TCF have been discovered in Israel and

Cyprus• Tamar has commenced production (subsea tieback to

platform, pipeline to shore)• Other fields being appraised• Commercialization concepts under consideration:

– Onshore LNG– FLNG– CNG– Regional pipelines– Petrochemical/fertilizer projects

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Levant Basin Commercialization (2)

• Commercialization concepts:Concept Pros Cons• Onshore LNG Max flexibility Max Capex• FLNG Good flexibility Max Capex• CNG Lower Capex, faster Limited reach• Pipelines Lower Capex, faster Single buyer• Petrochemical/fertilizer Grow local industry Require cheap

feedstock

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Levant Basin Hurdles

• Physical– Water depth (>2000m to Cyprus, >3000m to Greece)– Rugged, tectonically active seabottom– Distance to shore (can be >180 kms)

• Commercial– In some cases, small domestic markets require export

projects to justify high development costs– High Capex for LNG– Emerging technology issues for FLNG and CNG– Lack of existing infrastructure

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Potential Gas Pipeline RouteCyprus Block 12 to Vasilikos

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Cyprus – Seafloor Tectonics

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Cyprus – Seafloor Canyons

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Financing of Energy Projects• Generally, high-Capex oil and gas industry projects

require some portion of outside financing• International lenders look for:

– Operator with good track record– Government contract with strong stabilization clauses– Sufficient gas resource to cover gas supply contract during the

plateau production phase– “Skin in the game,” investment by co-venturers– Alignment between upstream and midstream parties– Well-structured GSPA’s

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Environmental, Health & Safety (EHS)and Training

• EHS– Regulatory environment in East Med is evolving to fully address oil and

gas industry activity• REMPEC (Malta) facilitating implementation of offshore regulations• EU Safety Directive being extended to East Med• EU has signed Offshore Protocol for the Med

– Establishing Environmental Emergency Management Preparedness and Response capabilities in East Med

• Training– In early stages of development for knowledge of the oil and gas industry– Government contract-mandated training programs being implemented– University programs specific to the industry have been initiated

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Levant Basin Opportunities• Formative hydrocarbons industry – can draw on more established

projects in the surrounding regions (e.g. Egypt, Italy)• Good probability of significant quantities of gas being found with

additional drilling• Possibility of deep oil• New hydrocarbon projects can develop one or more industry

hubs in the Levant Basin• Long-lived hydrocarbon projects can assist in providing economic

and political stability to the region, as well as energy resources to markets– Commerce is a great uniter– “All sides have something to gain…and something to lose”

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The Levant Basin story is just beginning!

Thank you for your attention.