operational amplifiers and logic gates
TRANSCRIPT
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS AND LOGIC GATESA BRIEF DISCUSSION
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS
Linear integrated circuits are being used in a number of applications such as fields like communication, medical electronics, instrumentation control
An important linear IC is operational amplifier
OP-AMP is a solid state device capable of sensing and amplifying dc and ac input signals.
OP-AMP is an amplifier with two inputs and a single output.
OP-AMP consists of 20 transistors, 11 resistors and one capacitor.
INVERTING AMPLIFIER
The input voltage is applied through the Vs to the inverting input through the input resistor RS
Here Is=If
The output voltage is out of phase with the input voltage
NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER The input signal is
applied through vg
The resistor Rs is connected from the inverting input to ground.
The feedback resistor
Rf connected between the output and the inverting input.
Here the input and output voltages are in phase.
SUMMING AMPLIFIER An inverting amplifier,
used to sum two input voltages.
The output is –(V1+V2 )
The output voltage is equal to the sum of the input voltages and the circuit acts as a summing amplifier.
The negative sign indicates that OP-AMP is used in the inverting mode.
DIFFERENCE AMPLIFIER
The output voltage can be obtained by using superposition principle.
The output is V3-Vin
If all the external resistors are equal, the voltage difference amplifier functions as a voltage subtractor.
LOGIC GATES
Circuits which are used to process digital signals are called logic gates.
It has one or more inputs with only one output and the output appears only for certain combination of input signals.
The basic elements that make a digital system are “OR” ,”AND” and “NOT” gates.
OR GATE
AND GATE
NOT GATE
NAND GATE
NOR GATE
EXOR GATE
LOGIC GATES CAN BE SIMPLIFIED AS…..