operation manual spectro uv-2602

2921 S. La Cienega Blvd. Culver City, CA 90232 U.S.A . Tel.: (310) 202-0811/14 Fax: (310) 202-7286

Website: www.labomed.com Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Operation Manual

Spectro UV-VIS Auto

UV-2602



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CONTENT

1. External View, Keyboard and Display

2. Working Principle and Applications

3. Key Technical Indicators, Specifications and Characteristics

4. Working Environment

5. Optical Principle

6. Use Instruction

6.1 Turn on the Instrument

6.2 Description of Keyboard

6.3 Use of Functions

6.3.1 Setup of Print Function

6.3.1.1 Setup of Data Print Function

6.3.1.2 Setup of Time Print

6.3.1.3 Control Light Source Status

6.3.1.4 Wavelength Correction Function

6.3.1.5 Clear Memory Function

6.3.2 Concentration Linear Regression Operation

6.3.2.1 Method of Coefficient to Be Decided

6.2.2.2 Method of Coefficient Entry

6.3.3 Use of Method of Eliminating Cells Mismatching Error

7. Maintenance

8 Application of Calculation Program of Linear Regression Equation

9 Calibration, Adjustment and Faults Analysis

9.1 Replacement of Tungsten and Halogen Lamp

9.2 Replacement of Deuterium Lamp

9.3 Calibration of Wavelength Accuracy

10 A Complete Set of Instrument

11 Storage and Warranty



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1 External View and Display

External View

Operating with PC Operating without PC

LCD Windows

UV-2602 Ver1.0

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

Link with PC?

1= Yes 0 = No

0.010A R

Wavelenght= 550.0 nm



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2 Working Principle and Applications

Spectrophotometer’s basic principle is that a substance in a solution absorbs selectively

light under the irradiation and excitation of light. Different substances have their own

different absorption spectrums. Therefore, when a monochromatic light passes through a

solution, it will become weak because some of the energy is absorbed. The extent of the

decrease of light energy is proportional to the concentration of the substance, which is in

conformity with the law of Brown-Bill.

τ=I/I0

log I0 /I=KCL

A=KCL

Where τ——Transmission Rate I0—— Incoming light Intensity

I——Transmitted Light Intensity A—— Absorptance

K——Absorption Coefficient L—— Length of Optical Path of Solution

C——Concentration of Solution

The above equation expresses that when the incoming light, absorption coefficient and

length of optical path of solution remain unchanged, the transmitted light varies as the

concentration of solution. The basic principle of UV-2602 is designed based on the

above-mentioned physical optical phenomena.

UV-2602 can perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on sample substance in the

range of VU and VIS spectrums. The instrument finds wild applications in medical and

health, clinical inspection, biochemistry, petro-chemical industry, environmental protection,

quality control, etc. It is one of the analytical instruments commonly used in physical and

chemical laboratories.

L

C I0 I



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3 Key Technical Indicators, Specifications and Characteristics

Technical Indicators and Specifications

3.1 Optical System：Single-beam, Diffraction Grating

3.2 Display： 2×20 words LCD

3.3 Range of Wavelength：190nm：1100nm

3.4 Light Source：DD 2.5A Deuterium Lamp： 12V20W Tungsten Halogen Lamp

3.5 Receiver：Photodiode

3.6 Wavelength Accuracy：≤±0.5nm

3.7 Wavelength Repetitiveness：0.3nm

3.8 Band Width： 2nm

3.9 Stray Light：≤0.3%τ： at 220nm and 340nm：

3.10 Display Range of Transmission Rate：0.0%τ：200.0%τ

3.11 Display Range of Absorbance：-0.3~2.600A

3.12 Direct Reading Range of Concentration：0000：9999

3.13 Accuracy of Transmission Rate：≤±0.5%τ：Tested with NBS930D：

3.14 Repetitiveness of Transmission Rate：0.2%τ

3.15 Noise：100%Noise≤0.3%τ：0%Noise≤0.2%τ

3.16 Stability ：±0.005A(30min)：

3.17 Baseline Flatness：±0.005A：

3.18 Power Supply：AC220V±22V：50Hz±1Hz or 110V. 60 Hz.

3.19 External Dimensions：520mm×410mm×200mm

3.20 Net Weight：18kg.

Characteristics

� The instrument can be used either with or without CP. With CP, the instrument can

perform a scan function witch greatly enhances functions of the instrument.

Instrument Proper (without PC connected)

� LCD displays directly measurement data and the current position of the cells.

� An Eight-cell-holder for Auto-sampling

� Auto adjustment of “0”and “100”to eliminate cell-mismatching errors.

� Data printing and time-interval printing are made possible by setup of functional keys

(Dynamic Measurement)

� Concentration direct readout and concentration linear regression operation can be

performed through keyboard entry and measurement data can be printed out through a

printer.



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Operation with PC Connected

� In addition to above-mentioned functions, it has many functions such as

measurement of absorption logarithm, energy measurement, spectrum scan, 2λ/3λ

measurement, set wavelength and multi-wavelength measurement.

� Selection of 8 working channels; detection of peak and valley of spectrum;

conversion, comparison, operation and derivation of spectrum; and transmission of data

to Excel for a spreadsheet will be done.

� Using a standard printer to print spectrum, combined data and testing parameters.

� Software is applicable in Windows98/2000/XP. The interface is of RS232C.

Operation with PC will be detailed in Software Application Instruction of UV-2602.

� 4 Working Environment

4.1 The instrument shall be installed in a dry room at an ambient temperature of 10：：

30： and relative humidity less than 85%.

4.2 During using, the instrument shall be placed on a firm and stable work table without

strong or continuous vibrations.

4.3 There shall not be too intensive lighting in the room and shall be out of direct

sunlight.

4.4 Electric fan shall not blow directly toward the instrument so as to avoid the improper

use of the instrument caused by the invention of air current

4.5 Isolated as far as possible the strong magnetic fields, electric fields or electric

devices generating high frequent waves.

4.6 The power supply to the instrument shall be AC220V±22V, 50Hz±1Hz and good

earth conductor must be installed. It is recommended to use an AC stabilized power

supply to enhance the instrument’s anti-interference ability. An electronic AC stabilizer

or AC constant voltage stabilizer is recommended.

4.7 To avoid using in a place with corrosive gases such as hydrogen sulfide and fluorine

sulfite.

5 Optical System

UV-2602 adopts a grating of CT type dispersion system and a single beam structure

optical pass arranged as the following figure.

Continuous radiated light emitted from deuterium lamp and tungsten halogen lamp is

focused by non-spherical collecting mirror and enters the slit of monochromator. The slit

is right on the focus plane of collecting mirror and collimating mirror in the



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monochromator. The composite light entered the monochromator is reflected by the

plane reflecting mirror and collimated by the collimating mirror to become a parallel light

sending to the dispersion grating, which makes the incoming composite light a

continuous single color spectrum arranged orderly according to a certain sequence

through a derivation effect. This single color spectrum is back to the another collimating

mirror. Because the exit slit is on the focus plane of the collimating mirror, the spectrum

dispersed out of grating passes through the collimating mirror to form an image at the exit

slit by means of light collecting principle. The exit slit selects the single color light with

specified bandwidth to be at the center of sample to be measured in the sample chamber

through the collecting mirror. The light after being absorbed by the sample is transmitted

to a photocell receiver thought a light gate.

1——Collecting Mirror 2——Deuterium Lamp

3——Tungsten, Halogen lamp 4——Entrance Slit

5——Reflecting Mirror 6——Collimating Mirror

7——Grating 8——Exit Slit

9——Filter 10——Collecting Mirror

11——Sample Holder 12——Photocell

Fig. Optical Principle of UV-2602

6 How to Use

6.1 Turn on

Before the first time of using the instrument, check all the accessories and parts

attached to the instrument according to the list provided. Before use, confirm the working

power supply and connect a printer to the instrument. Check sample chamber to make

1

2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9 10 11 12

13



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sure there is not any object in the optical path. Push the sample cell holder to the

extreme end. After confirmation, turn on first the power of the printer and then the power

of the instrument shown as the following figure.

Self-checking

Asking linking with a PC?

To choose 1, enter into working with PC and choose 0, enter into working with the

instrument proper. In case no choice is made within 7 seconds, the instrument enters into

working with the instrument automatically and prompts as follows (The interface is valid

only with the normal exit from the previous operation linking with PC and back to

instrument’s control):

Asking for initialization?

To choose 1, enter into initialization. To choose 0, enter directly into the status saved in

the previous exit. During the initialization, the current status of the instrument will be

shown. In case there is something wrong and a prompt will appear.

Display after self-check completed.

6.2 Keyboard

6.2.1 ττττ/A/C key refers to measurement mode key. Press the key to choose τ,A,C mode

which will be displayed in the LCD window at the same time. In the mode of “C”,

pressing the key will directly terminate the mode conversion of C measurement to

“τ”and “A”. Pressing the key will terminate the functions of timing print and

concentration linear regression calculation.

6.2.2 Auto Full Scale/Auto Zero key refers to auto adjustment of “0%τ”100%τ”and

“0A”key. Press the key, the instrument will automatically perform the adjustment

of “100%τ”：“0%τ” and “0A”and “PLEASE WAIT”will be displayed in the LCD

window. The whole process will take several seconds.

6.2.3 Print key refers to print output key. The use of the key is related to the type of

UV-2602 Ver1.0

SPECTROPHOTOMETER

×.×××A R

Wavelength= 500.0nm

Link with PC

1=Yes 0=No

Initialize Machine=：

1=Yes 0=No



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print selected by the Function key. If the Function key chooses“DATA PRINT”

press the key to perform data print. If the Function key chooses “TIME

PRINT” press the key to perform time print.

6.2.4 Wavelength Set key is used to set the wavelength for the sample to be

measured.

6.2.5 ▼Sample Selection▲key is used to select the position of sample to be

measured.

6.2.6 Function key is functional key of the instrument. Press the key to select mode

of print: “DATA PRINT=1”or“TIME PRINT=2”：which will be displayed on the LCD

window at the same time. This function is only valid in the modes of “τ”and “A”. If

after “C”mode and want to print in the modes of“τ”and “A”, a new setup is

needed. Press and hold Function key and press numeral key “3” to enter the

light source control function. Press and hold“C” key and press numeral key “8”

to enter wavelength correction function. Press and hold Function key and press

numeral key “9” to enter memory clear function (This function must be used with

cautious for it will clear all the data including wavelength correction except those

auto saved by the instrument.)

6.2.7 Delete key is to delete data input. Press this key to delete input but

non-confirmed data.

6.2.8 Esc key means to return. In entering data in the “C”mode, if you find an entry

error, press this key to return to the initial interface of “C”mode to reenter the

data.

6.2.9 Enter key is to confirm the data entered. Press this key, the selection made and

data entered will be accepted by the instrument. In the mode of “C”, this key is

used to confirm the data to be used as the measurement data. Numeral keys

and symbol keys are used to enter data and symbols.

6.3 How to Use Functions

6.3.1 Setup of Print Function：Only in “τ”and“A”modes：

The instrument has data print and time print functions which are operated as

follows：

6.3.1.1 Setup of Data Print

In the modes“τ”and“A”, press Function key：LCD displays as follows:

DATE PRINT=1

TIME PRINT=2



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After choose 1, the interface returns and at that time press Print key：the printer will

print the data in the following format:

****** UV-2602 ******

No. T% A

01 100.0 0.000

02 100.0 0.000

03 100.0 0.000



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Print number starts from 01 with an incremental of 1up to 00, which restarts the number

again.

6.3.1.2 Setup of Time Print

In the modes of “τ” and “A”, press Function key and LCD displays the same as above.

Choose “2”：LCD displays as follows:

Enter interval and number

When the INTERVAL cursor blinks, it means you should enter an appropriate value. The

range of the value to be entered is 1~99 minutes.

After confirmation, the cursor in the No item blinks, which means for entry of an

appropriate value. The range of the value to be entered is 1~99.

The print format is as follows.：Below is the print at an interval of 1 minute and 5 times.：

Note: Press Esc key, it will stop time print. In case the mode “C” changes back to modes

“τ”and “A” and ask for a print function, the print function needs to be setup again.

6.3.1.3 Light Source Status Control

INTERVAL=

No.=

****** UV-2602 ******

INTERVAL=1 minute

No.=5

No. T% A

01 100.0 - 0.000

02 100.0 0.000

03 100.0 0.000

04 99.9 0.000

05 99.9 0.000

06 100.0 0.000

**** END ****



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Press and hold Function key： the instrument enters into light source status control and

displays as follows:

Select light source

Choose 3, the instrument enters into tungsten halogen lamp and displays as follows:

Select light source status

1 means on and 0 means off.

Choose 4, the instrument enters into Deuterium lamp and displays as follows:

Select light source status

1 means on and 0 means off.

In case no selection is made on this, press Esc key to escape.

6.3.1.4 Wavelength Correction Function

Press and hold Function key and press numeral key “8” to enter wavelength correction

function and the display is as follows.

Enter correction value

The unit of the correction value is 0.2nm and the correction value to be entered must be

an integer. For example, if you want to correct 0.4nm, you must enter 2. The maximum

wavelength correction value is ±3nm.

In case no correction is made on wavelength, press Esc key to escape.

OPER WiLAMP=3

OPER D2LAMP=4

Wi Lamp Status：On

On=1 OFF=0

D2 Lamp Status：On

On=1 OFF=0

Adjust Wavelength

Adjust Data =



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6.3.1.5 Clear Memory Function

Press and hold Function key and press numeral key “9” to enter clear memory

function and the display is as follows.

Choose clear?

1 means to clear and 2 means not to clear and save the memory.

Note: Selection must be made on this operation.

6.3.2 Concentration Linear Regression Operation (Mode of C)

There are two methods for concentration linear regression operation:

method of coefficient to be decided and method of coefficient entry,

which will be detailed in the following sections.

6.3.2.1 Method of Coefficient to be Decided

The standard sample of the instrument is set at 2-10. The value to be entered is 0~999.9

(four significant digital capacities and one decimal place). The following is an example to

describe the whole process of the operation with two standard samples.

After select the required measurement wavelength, in the mode of “τ”or“A”, press Auto

Full Scale/Auto Zero key to adjust “0%τ” and“100%τ”, then choose mode “C”, the LCD

display is as follows:

Sure to Clear Memo：

1=Yes 2=No

Note

This function must be used with cautious for it will clear all the data including

wavelength correction except those saved automatically by the instrument. After the

instrument turns on, It will take long time to initialize to set necessary data.



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Select Method

CALIBRATION refers to the method of coefficient to be decided and DESIGNATION

refers to the method of coefficient entry.

Choose 1 to enter into the method of coefficient to be decided and print


Enter No. of standard samples

LCD displays STANDARD SAMPIES：The cursor blinks, waiting for entry.

Enter 2 and press Enter key to confirm, the print display is as follows:

Enter Standard Value 1

LCD Displays STANDARD VALUES? The cursor blinks, waiting for entry.

CALIBRATION=1

DESIGNATION=2

****** UV-2602 ******

CALIBRATION=1

DESIGNATION=2

YOUR CHOICE：

1

NUMBER OF

STANDARD SAMPIE：

STANDDARD SAMPLES：

No.=

2

STANDARD VALUES?

STANDDARD VALUES：

C1=



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Enter 0 and press Enter key to confirm, the LCD display is as follows:

Enter Standard Value 2

Enter 10 and press Enter key to confirm, the LCD display is as follows:

Put standard sample “0” in the cell in the sample chamber, wait for data display becoming

stable and press Enter key to confirm, the LCD displays and print as follows:

Measurement Standard Sample 1

Measurement Standard Sample 2

Put standard sample “10” in the cell in the sample chamber, want for data display

becoming stable and press Enter key to confirm, the LCD displays and print as follows:

STANDDARD VALUES：

C2=

MEASURE STANDARD

SAMPLE A1=0.000

STANDARD VALUES?

0.0 10.0

No. CONC. DATA(A)

MEASURE STANDARD

SAMPLE A1=0.010

No. CONC. DATA(A)

01 0.0 0.010

MEASURE STANDARD

SAMPLE A2=0.010



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Display Coefficient

Press Enter key to confirm, the LCD displays and print as follows:

Measure unknown sample

Put unknown sample in the cell in the sample chamber, want for data display becoming

stable and press Enter key to confirm, the LCD displays and print as follows:

MEASURE STANDARD

SAMPLE A2=2.612

No. CONC. DATA(A)

01 0.0 0.010

02 10.0 2.612

K=3.8 B=0.0

R**R=0.989

MEASURE SAMPLE

A=0.000 C=0.0

CONC=K*DATA：A：+B

K=3.8 B=0.0

R**R=0.989

MESURE UNKNOWN SAMPLE

No. DATA(A) CONC.



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Unknown Sample measurement

The complete print format of coefficient identification method.


No. DATA(A) CONC.

01 1.602 6.1

****** UV-2602 ******

CALIBRATION=1

DESIGNATION=2

YOUR CHOICE：

1

NUMBER OF

STANDARD SAMPIE：

2

STANDARD VALUES?

1.0 10.0

No. CONC. DATA(A)

01 0.0 0.010

02 10.0 2.612

CONC=K*DATA(A)+B

K=3.8 B=0.0

R**R=0.989


No. DATA(A) CONC.

01 1.602 6.1



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6.3.2.2 Method of Coefficient entry

Coefficient K and B of the instrument is input with the value of 0~±999.9 (four significant

digital capacities and one decimal place).The following is an example to describe the

whole process of the operation.

After select the required measurement wavelength, in the mode of “τ”or“A”, press Auto

Full Scale/Auto Zero key to adjust “0%τ” and“100%τ”, then choose mode “C”, the LCD


Select Method

Choose “2” to enter the method of coefficient entry and print display is as follows:

Enter value of K and B

In LCD K= B= cursors blink waiting for entry.

Enter 3.8 at K and press Enter key to confirm and enter 0 at B and press Enter key to

confirm, display print is as follows:

Measure unknown sample

CALIBRATION=1

DESIGNATION=2

****** UV-2602 ******

CALIBRATION=1

DESIGNATION=2

YOUR CHOICE：

2

K=

B=

MEASURE SAMPLE

A=0.000 C=0.0



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Put unknown sample in the cell in the sample chamber, want for data display becoming

stable and press Enter key to confirm, the display and print are as follows:

Unknown sample measurement

Complete print format of the method of coefficient entry.

CONC=K*DATA(A)+B

K=3.8

B=0.0

MESUREUNKNOWN SAMPLE

No. DATA(A) CONC.

MEASURE SAMPLE

A=1.602 C=6.1

MESURE UNKNOWN

SAMPLE

No. DATA(A) CONC.

01 1.602 6.1

****** UV-2602 ******

CALIBRATION=1

DESIGNATION=2

YOUR CHOICE：

2

CONC=K*DATA：A：+B

K=3.8

B=0.0


No. DATA(A) CONC.

01 1.602 6.1



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6.3.3 Use of Method of Eliminating Cells Mismatching Error

The product can eliminate the measurement error caused by cells mismatching.

In the reference position “R”,“0%τ”and“100%τ”are adjusted. At that time, the sample

position “S1, S2, S3…S7” takes R as its reference and all at “0%τ”and“100%τ”. In case

S1 gets a cell mismatching error, “0%τ” and“100%τ”should be adjusted first, then move

the cell to S1 position and press Auto Full Scale/Zero key . In this way, the cell

mismatching error on the S1 position can be eliminated. The other positions such as “S2”,

“S3…S7” will still take R as reference to set “0%τ”and“100%τ”. In case other position

gets a cell mismatching error, do accordingly as S1.

Note: If in the R position, press again the Auto Full Scale/Zero to set “0”

and “100”, at that time, “S1;S2;S3…..S7”will take R as reference to set

“0” and “100” thus to cancel the function of eliminating cell

mismatching error.

7 Maintenance

7.1 When the instrument stops operation, turn off the power switch at the instrument

first and then cut off the power supply.

7.2 In order to prevent it against dusting and condemnation, the instrument must be

place with a dust cover on. Several bags of anti-blushing agents shall be put in the dust

cover to keep lamp chamber from moisture and protect reflect mirror against mustiness

and condemnation so as not to affect the future proper operation of instrument.

7.3 After the instrument has operated for several months or is moved, wavelength

accuracy needs to be checked to ensure the use and measurement accuracy of the

instrument.

8 Application of Calculation Program of Linear Regression Equation

In the routine analysis, enter respectively the standard series of solution and its

corresponding value of absorptance measured, UV-2602 will establish the linear

regression equation C=KA+B and will print this equation as well as C (representing

concentration) and related coefficient R (representing the linear relation of absorptance).

If right after that a sample is measured, the instrument will print out a table containing



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absorptance A or concentration C of the sample. This table shall be retained. Later, if the

same sample is measured under the same condition, enter the value of K and B of

regression equation in the table into the instrument, a concentration calculation table is

thus established without the need to make standard curve or work out regression

equation or related coefficient.

For example, we use methyl n- potassium bicromate to prepare series of standard

solution, S1: 10.6 µg/ml, S2: 21.3µg/ml and S3: 50.3µg/ml and take water as the

reference. Then, in the UV-2602 instrument, to set linear regression equation with the

measurement wavelength being set at 450nm and the result is shown in Table 1. If one

unknown sample need to be measured, the concentration value can be read out directly

in µg/ml. Later, when measure the same sample under the same conditions, enter the

value of K and B of regression equation in the Table 1 into the instrument, a

concentration calculation table is thus established to measure directly the absorptance

and concentration of the sample shown in the Table 2.

Table 1 Table 2

******UV-2602******

CALIBATION=1

DESIGNATION=2

YOUR CHOICE：

1

NUMBER OF

STANDARD SAMPLE：

4

STANDARD VALUES：

0.0 10.6 21.3

50.3

No. CONC. DATA(A)

01 0.0 0.000

02 10.6 0.141

03 21.3 0.288

04 50.3 0.740

CONC=K*DATA(A)+B

K=67.5 B=0.8

R**R=0.999

MEASURE UNKNOWN SAMPLA

No. DATA(A) CONC.

01 0.141 10.3

******UV-2602******

CALIBATION=1

DESIGNATION=2

YOUR CHOICE：

2

CONC=K*DATA(A)+B

K=67.5

B=0.8

MEASURE UNKNOWN SAMPLA

No. DATA(A) CONC.

01 0.141 10.3

02 0.289 20.3



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9 Calibration, Adjustment and Faults Analysis

After a long time use of the instrument, there may be some changes in the performance

indicators and instrument needs to be calibrated, adjusted or repaired. The following brief

introduction is for reference only.

9.1 Replacement of Tungsten and Halogen Lamp

Light source lamp is a quick-wear part. Please wear gloves when

replacing the lamp so as to prevent against condemnation of the lamp

body to deteriorate light illumination energy.

12V20W plug-in tungsten halogen lamp is used in the UV-2602. Before lamp

replacement, turn off the power and take out the broken lamp and replace a new one.

9.2 Replacement of Deuterium Lamp

DD2.5A deuterium lamp is used in the UV-2602. Before lamp replacement, turn of the

power and loosen the fixed screw at the lamp holder and take out the broken lamp and

replace a new one. Please note the wire position and then tighten the screw.

9.3 Calibration of Wavelength Accuracy

UV-2602 uses the characteristic spectrum 656.1 nm of deuterium lamp to

check and calibrate.

Note

Please note the wire position when replacing deuterium lamp.

Both tungsten halogen lamp and deuterium lamp get very hot

please not to hurt your hands. Do not look at deuterium lamp for a

long time.



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Connect the instrument with PC. After initialization, in the mode of

operation, choose wavelength scan function with the parameters set as

follows:

Mode of operation shall chose mode of energy, sampling interval is at 0.1nm, medium

speed and range of wavelength of 650：660nm：deuterium and range of ordinate of 0：

50E. Confirm after choice.

Press energy control key to chose (2) or (3) and then press Scan key to scan. Using

peak and valley values to detect, the difference between wavelength of peak value and

656.1nm shall not be greater than ±0.5nm. If not, use wavelength correction function

to correct. Too big or too small of the peak energy value will change the energy

control value.

Faults Analysis

Phenomena Cause Remedy

1. Turn on the power switch, no reaction from the instrument

1. Power supply is not connected. 2. Power fuse is broken. 3.Poor contact of power switch.

1.Check the power supply. 2.Replace fuse. 3. Replace power switch on the instrument

2.Can not pass initialization If light source light is light If there is any foreign matters in the sample chamber If there is prompts to remind errors.

Check light source. Take out foreign matters. Turn on the instrument again. If the same problems remain, contact the Company.

3：Unstable display 1.Pre-heating time is not long enough 2. Too strong vibration, too large air current near the light source or too intensive light radiation. 3.Improper voltage of power supply. 4.Improper grounding.

1.Turn on the instrument for 20min 2.Improve the operation environment. 3.Check the voltage of power supply. 4.Improve grounding.

4： can not reach 0%：100% 1.Faulty microprocessor 2.Faulty amplifier

1.Repair microprocessor. 2.Repair amplifier.

5 ： Inaccuracy of concentration calculation

1.Microprocessor board is broken

1 Repair or replacement of microprocessor board.

operation manual spectro uv-2602

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