openstack tutorial - agenda (indico) · summary 1 introduction to openstack 2 gran sasso clouds 3...
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OpenStack Tutorial
Matteo Panella - [email protected]
Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso - INFN
Cloud Computing Tutorial
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Summary
1 Introduction to OpenStack
2 Gran Sasso Clouds
3 Sample session
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Summary
1 Introduction to OpenStack
2 Gran Sasso Clouds
3 Sample session
M. Panella (LNGS) OpenStack Tutorial Sep 26, 2013
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What is OpenStack
OpenStack is an enterprise-grade open source IaaS platform.It provides:
computing resources (vCPU, RAM, system images. . . )
network resources (L2 networks, virtual routers. . . )
storage resources (persistent virtual disk devices, VM snapshots)
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Who is behind OpenStack
OpenStack development is overseen by the OpenStack Foundation.The Foundation is backed by 5600 individual members and 850organizations.Different companies contribute to OpenStack development:
AT&T
Canonical
HP
IBM
Rackspace
Red Hat, Inc.
SUSE
. . . and many more!
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OpenStack in numbers
Some numbers about OpenStack:
3 years of development
1278 contributors
1289000 lines of code
more than $10 million in funding
OpenStack is quickly becoming the de facto standard for private IaaSclouds.For more information visit http://www.openstack.org/
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OpenStack components
OpenStack is composed by 5 different components:
1 identity and authentication service
2 computing service
3 networking service
4 storage service
5 dashboard (web frontend)
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OpenStack components
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Identity and authentication service
What it does
Authenticates users and verifies project membership.
Authentication and authorization based on:
username/password pair
projects (also known as “tenants”)
roles
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Computing service
What it does
Creates, runs and manages instances (virtual machines).
Resources managed by this service:
instances
vCPU
RAM
instance metadata (hostname, SSH keypairs, boot scripts. . . )
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Networking service
What it does
Provides network resources to the computing service.
Resources managed by this service:
L2 networks
subnets
virtual routers
firewalling rules
floating IPs
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Storage service
What it does
Provides persistent storage to the computing service.
Resources managed by this service:
volumes (virtual disk devices)
snapshots
OS images
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Resources recap
Every user has access to the following resources:
instances
vCPU
RAM
networks
virtual routers/firewalls
virtual disks
Nota Bene
Resources belong to projects, only SSH keypairs belong to users!
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Resources recap
Every user has access to the following resources:
instances
vCPU
RAM
networks
virtual routers/firewalls
virtual disks
Nota Bene
Resources belong to projects, only SSH keypairs belong to users!
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Instances
An instance is a self-contained virtual machine:
resource allocation based on “flavors”
boots from a pre-installed system image or from a snapshot
has a fixed private IP address
can have one or more floating IP addresses
can have an ephemeral disk
can have one or more volumes attached
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Instances (cont’d)
Instances boot off a standard system image and can be customized uponboot with a user script.Most system images come with SSH enabled out-of-the-box and keyed toa user-specific SSH keypair. Password-based login is disabled for thedefault account.
Warning
Instances exist as long as they are not terminated. Upon termination thesystem disk will be irreversibly destroyed. To retain system configurationmake a snapshot or simply suspend the instance.
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Instances (cont’d)
Instances boot off a standard system image and can be customized uponboot with a user script.Most system images come with SSH enabled out-of-the-box and keyed toa user-specific SSH keypair. Password-based login is disabled for thedefault account.
Warning
Instances exist as long as they are not terminated. Upon termination thesystem disk will be irreversibly destroyed. To retain system configurationmake a snapshot or simply suspend the instance.
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Networks
OpenStack provides isolated L2 networks to each project. Each networkcan have one or more subnets and virtual routers.Private IP addresses are automatically allocated to instances, whilefloating IP addresses must be manually allocated to projects and assignedto instances.
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Networks (cont’d)
The networking service also provides virtual firewalls for all instances withmultiple independent rulesets.Each instance can have more than one ruleset attached to it. The rulesalso apply to traffic within the same network.
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Volumes
Volumes are persistent virtual disk devices. Each instance can have one ormore volumes attached to it and each volume may be attached to oneinstance at a time.They are created and destroyed independently from instances, so they aresuited for long-term storage of data.When created, volumes are like empty disks. They must be partitionedand formatted in order to use them.
Warning
Due to their nature, volumes are not backed up automatically. Users haveto arrange backup of volume contents on their own!
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Volumes
Volumes are persistent virtual disk devices. Each instance can have one ormore volumes attached to it and each volume may be attached to oneinstance at a time.They are created and destroyed independently from instances, so they aresuited for long-term storage of data.When created, volumes are like empty disks. They must be partitionedand formatted in order to use them.
Warning
Due to their nature, volumes are not backed up automatically. Users haveto arrange backup of volume contents on their own!
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Summary
1 Introduction to OpenStack
2 Gran Sasso Clouds
3 Sample session
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What is Gran Sasso Clouds
Gran Sasso Clouds is the OpenStack environment of LNGS.It is currently a standalone system. In the future it will be integrated withother computing services like U-LITE.It is available upon request to experimental collaborations, working groups,LNGS services and individual users.
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Available resources
Currently, Gran Sasso Clouds has the following resources available:
48 CPU cores
80 GB of RAM
several TB for volume and snapshot storage
Capacity will be expanded as needed as more users start working with it.
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Use cases
Gran Sasso Clouds is extremely flexible and can be used for manyscenarios:
internal and public web sites
wikis
blogs
database services
software development
data analysis
Monte Carlo
prototyping
. . .
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Accessing Gran Sasso Clouds
The web frontend
Gran Sasso Clouds can be accessed from https://stackctl.lngs.infn.it.All operations can be performed via the web frontend.
Who can access it
Everybody with a standard LNGS account can request access to theComputing and Network Service. CNS staff will enable access for youraccount and assign it to one or more projects (experiment and/or LNGSservice).
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Accessing Gran Sasso Clouds (cont’d)
Direct access to Gran Sasso Clouds is required only to manage resources(instances, networks, volumes. . . ). Depending on the kind of use case, endusers do not require any account at all or just a regular UNIX account onthe instances themselves.
What about groups?
Groups need to designate a few selected individuals that will manageresources.
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Accessing Gran Sasso Clouds (cont’d)
Direct access to Gran Sasso Clouds is required only to manage resources(instances, networks, volumes. . . ). Depending on the kind of use case, endusers do not require any account at all or just a regular UNIX account onthe instances themselves.
What about groups?
Groups need to designate a few selected individuals that will manageresources.
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Networking
Gran Sasso Clouds supports various network configurations. The standardnetwork configuration just works for most users and groups.Experimental collaborations and working groups that require a morecomplex network configuration can contact the CNS for more information.
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Summary
1 Introduction to OpenStack
2 Gran Sasso Clouds
3 Sample session
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Login screen
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Dashboard
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Security groups
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Security group rules
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Keypair management
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Running instances
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Running instances
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Launching an instance
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Access & Security
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Instance networking
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Post-boot customization
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Boot log
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Volumes
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Volumes
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Creating a volume
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Volumes (cont’d)
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Volumes (cont’d)
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Attaching a volume
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Attaching a volume
Never use /dev/vda or /dev/vdb asdevice names!
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Attaching a volume
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Floating IPs
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Floating IPs
M. Panella (LNGS) OpenStack Tutorial Sep 26, 2013
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Associating a floating IP
M. Panella (LNGS) OpenStack Tutorial Sep 26, 2013
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Inside the VM
M. Panella (LNGS) OpenStack Tutorial Sep 26, 2013
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?Questions?
M. Panella (LNGS) OpenStack Tutorial Sep 26, 2013