Open System Services Management andOperations Guide

AbstractThis guide describes how to manage and operate the HP NonStop operating system Open System Services (OSS) environment.The HP NonStop operating system Open System Services (OSS) environment enables users on HP NonStop servers to integratean operating system similar to the UNIX operating system into their work environment. This guide supports J06.03 and allsubsequent J-series RVUs, H06.08 and all subsequent H-series RVUs, and G06.30 and all subsequent G-series RVUs untilotherwise indicated in a replacement publication.

HP Part Number: 527191-018Published: February 2014Edition: J06.03 and subsequent J-series RVUs, H06.08 and subsequent H-series RVUs, and G06.30 and subsequent G-series RVUs

© Copyright 1995, 2014 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.

Confidential computer software. Valid license from HP required for possession, use or copying. Consistent with FAR 12.211 and 12.212, CommercialComputer Software, Computer Software Documentation, and Technical Data for Commercial Items are licensed to the U.S. Government undervendor’s standard commercial license.

Warranty

The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for HP products and services are set forth in the expresswarranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shallnot be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.

Export of the information contained in this publication may require authorization from the U.S. Department of Commerce.

Acknowledgements

Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Motif, OSF/1, UNIX®, X/Open®, and the X device is a trademark of X/Open

Company Ltd. in the UK and other countries. OSF, OSF/1, OSF/Motif, Motif, and Open Software Foundation are trademarks of the Open SoftwareFoundation in the U.S. and other countries.

© 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 Open Software Foundation, Inc. The OSF documentation and the OSF software to which it relates are derived in part

from materials supplied by the following: © 1987, 1988, 1989 Carnegie-Mellon University. © 1989, 1990, 1991 Digital Equipment Corporation.

© 1985, 1988, 1989, 1990 Encore Computer Corporation. © 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc. © 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991

Hewlett-Packard Company. © 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992 International Business Machines Corporation. © 1988, 1989

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. © 1988, 1989, 1990 Mentat Inc. © 1988 Microsoft Corporation. © 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991,

1992 SecureWare, Inc. © 1990, 1991 Siemens Nixdorf Informations systeme AG. © 1986, 1989, 1996, 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc. © 1989,

1990, 1991 Transarc Corporation. OSF software and documentation are based in part on the Fourth Berkeley Software Distribution under licensefrom The Regents of the University of California. OSF acknowledges the following individuals and institutions for their role in its development: Kenneth

C.R.C. Arnold, Gregory S. Couch, Conrad C. Huang, Ed James, Symmetric Computer Systems, Robert Elz. © 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985,

1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 Regents of the University of California. OSF MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THE OSFMATERIAL PROVIDED HEREIN, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE. OSF shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,performance, or use of this material.

ContentsAbout This Document...................................................................................15

Supported Release Version Updates (RVUs)................................................................................15Intended Audience..................................................................................................................15Unsupported Utilities...............................................................................................................16Acknowledgment....................................................................................................................16New and Changed Information in the 527191-018 Edition (February 2014).....................................16New and Changed Information in the 527191-017 Edition (August 2013)........................................16New and Changed Information in the 527191-016 Edition (February 2013).....................................17New and Changed Information in the 527191-015 Edition (August 2012)........................................18New and Changed Information in the 527191-014 Edition (February 2012).....................................19Document Organization..........................................................................................................20Notation Conventions..............................................................................................................21

General Syntax Notation....................................................................................................21Notation for Messages.......................................................................................................22

Related Information.................................................................................................................24Prerequisite Reading and Training........................................................................................24Additional Reading............................................................................................................24

Problem Reporting.........................................................................................................24Installation...................................................................................................................25Configuration...............................................................................................................25Periodic Task Management.............................................................................................25

Print Spooler.....................................................................................................................25UNIX System Administration................................................................................................25

UNIX Security...............................................................................................................25Publishing History...................................................................................................................26HP Encourages Your Comments................................................................................................26

1 Introducing Open System Services..............................................................27The Operating System Environments..........................................................................................27Management Tools.................................................................................................................27Management and Operations Tasks..........................................................................................28OSS File System Concepts.......................................................................................................30

OSS Files..........................................................................................................................30The /G Directory...............................................................................................................31The /E Directory................................................................................................................31The /dev Directory.............................................................................................................32File Types Supported In the OSS Environment.........................................................................32

Components to Be Managed...................................................................................................33Input/Output Utilities..........................................................................................................33

OSSTTY Servers............................................................................................................33Terminal Helper Servers.................................................................................................33

OSS Security.....................................................................................................................33OSS File-System Components...............................................................................................33Interprocess Communication Facilities...................................................................................35

OSS Shared Memory and Semaphores............................................................................39OSS Message Queues...................................................................................................39Pipes and FIFOs............................................................................................................39OSS Sockets.................................................................................................................39

2 Operating the OSS Environment.................................................................46Starting and Stopping the OSS Environment...............................................................................46

Possible Ways to Start the OSS File System............................................................................46

Contents 3

Automatic Startup Service...................................................................................................47Possible Ways to Stop the OSS File System............................................................................47Manually Stopping the OSS File System and the OSS Environment...........................................47

Sending Warnings to Users............................................................................................49Manually Restarting the OSS File System and the OSS Environment..........................................50

Managing the OSS Subsystem.................................................................................................50Starting the OSS Monitor....................................................................................................51

Starting the OSS Monitor as a Normal Process.................................................................51Starting the OSS Monitor as a Persistent Process................................................................52PARAMs Used by the OSS Monitor..................................................................................53Specifying a Home Terminal...........................................................................................54Naming the OSS Monitor Process...................................................................................55Using OSS Monitor Commands......................................................................................55

Stopping the OSS Monitor..................................................................................................56Obtaining Information About the OSS Subsystem...................................................................57

Checking Whether a Subsystem Process Is Running...........................................................57Listing the Objects Managed by the OSS Monitor.............................................................58Checking the Configuration of the OSS Monitor................................................................58Checking the Version of the OSS Monitor.........................................................................59

Changing the OSS Subsystem Configuration..........................................................................59Enabling the Automatic Startup Service.................................................................................59

Removing the OSS File System..................................................................................................59Monitoring OSS Resources.......................................................................................................61

Example...........................................................................................................................61Monitoring OSS Processes.......................................................................................................62

Monitoring OSS Processes From the OSS Environment............................................................62Monitoring OSS Processes From the Guardian Environment.....................................................63

Managing OSS Processes........................................................................................................64Making OSS Application Processes Persistent with the Kernel Subsystem....................................64

Examples.....................................................................................................................66Managing OSS Process Scheduling......................................................................................69

Using the nice Command...............................................................................................70Using an OSS Shell Script..............................................................................................70Using an OSS Shell Alias...............................................................................................71

Managing OSS Process Processor Use..................................................................................71Managing OSS Interprocess Communication Facilities.................................................................72Scheduling Periodic Tasks........................................................................................................73

Using the cron Process........................................................................................................73Configuring the cron Process...........................................................................................73The crontab Command..................................................................................................74The at Command..........................................................................................................74The atq Command........................................................................................................75The atrm Command.......................................................................................................75The batch Command.....................................................................................................75

Using the NetBatch Product.................................................................................................753 Understanding the OSS File System.............................................................80

OSS Pathnames......................................................................................................................80Using Pathnames for Remote Files.........................................................................................83Using the Local Root Directory as a Pathname........................................................................84

OSS File Components.............................................................................................................85OSS Catalog Files..............................................................................................................85OSS Data Files..................................................................................................................85

Relating OSS Files, Filesets, and Disk Volumes ...........................................................................86OSS File Size Considerations...............................................................................................86

4 Contents

Small Files....................................................................................................................86Large Files....................................................................................................................86

Fileset Size Considerations..................................................................................................87OSS Configuration Files......................................................................................................87

The ZOSSFSET File........................................................................................................87Storage Pools and Storage-Pool Files................................................................................87

4 Managing Servers....................................................................................90Introducing the OSS Servers.....................................................................................................90

The OSS Name Servers......................................................................................................92The OSS Message-Queue Server.........................................................................................92The OSS Sockets Local Servers.............................................................................................93

AF_UNIX Release 2 Software..........................................................................................93AF_UNIX Release 1 Software..........................................................................................93

The OSS Transport-Agent Servers.........................................................................................93The OSS Resource Agent Servers.........................................................................................93

OSS File System Resources Overview...............................................................................94Using SCF to View OSS File System Resources..................................................................96Using Measure to View OSS File System Resources............................................................97Configuring the FILESET INODES Resource.......................................................................97

The OSS Server Process (OSP) Servers..................................................................................98The Terminal Helper Servers................................................................................................98The Network Services Servers and Tools...............................................................................98

inetd...........................................................................................................................98rshd............................................................................................................................99rexecd.........................................................................................................................99portmap and RPCINFO..................................................................................................99BIND 9 Domain Name Server and Tools..........................................................................99

Configuration Files................................................................................................................100Configuration Files Used for the OSS Name Servers.............................................................100

The ZOSSFSET File......................................................................................................101The ZOSSPARM File................................................................................................106The ZOSSSERV File.................................................................................................107The Storage-Pool Files.............................................................................................110Configuration Database Files Used for the OSS Message-Queue Server.........................112Configuration Database Files Used for the OSS Sockets Local Server.............................113Configuration Database Files Used for the OSS Transport-Agent Servers........................116Configuration Database Files Used for the OSS Resource Agent Servers.........................116Configuration Files for the Network Services Servers and Tools.....................................117Adding a Server.....................................................................................................120Configuring a Server...............................................................................................121Starting a Server....................................................................................................127Obtaining Information About a Server.......................................................................130Stopping a Server..................................................................................................133Reconfiguring a Server............................................................................................135Removing a Server.................................................................................................138Troubleshooting a Server.........................................................................................139

5 Managing Filesets..................................................................................140Creating a Fileset.................................................................................................................140

Creating a Unique Fileset..................................................................................................140Creating a Storage Pool....................................................................................................145

Starting (Mounting) or Restarting Filesets..................................................................................146Automatic Restart of Filesets During OSS Monitor Startup......................................................147Automatic Restart of Filesets by the Automatic Startup Service................................................148Automatic Restart of Filesets After OSS Name Server Failure..................................................148

Contents 5

Automatic Restart of OSS Name Servers After Processor Failure.............................................148Potential Problems During Automatic Restart of Filesets..........................................................148

Auditing a Fileset..................................................................................................................149Using the AUDITENABLED Attribute....................................................................................150Audited SCF Operations...................................................................................................150

Obtaining Information About a Fileset.....................................................................................151Checking the Current Configuration of a Fileset....................................................................151Checking the Current State of a Fileset................................................................................151

Stopping (Unmounting) a Fileset.............................................................................................151Reconfiguring a Fileset..........................................................................................................152

Changing the Operating Parameters of a Fileset..................................................................152Changing Fileset Input/Output Fault Tolerance................................................................153Changing Fileset Catalog Buffering...............................................................................154Changing the OSS File System Mount Point.....................................................................155

Changing OSS File Caching for the Disks of a Fileset...........................................................155OSS File Caching Overview.........................................................................................156

Changing the Physical Makeup of a Fileset..........................................................................157Changing the Fileset Catalog........................................................................................157Adding a Disk Volume to a Fileset.................................................................................157Removing a Disk Volume From a Storage-Pool File...........................................................158Removing a Disk Volume From a Fileset..........................................................................158Moving a Disk Volume to Another Fileset........................................................................159

Checking and Repairing Fileset Integrity..................................................................................159When Do You Need to Check Fileset Integrity?....................................................................159FSCK Log File..................................................................................................................160Inconsistencies Checked by FSCK.......................................................................................162Generated Catalog Files...................................................................................................165What Happens When Diagnosis Appears to Fail?...............................................................165

Deleting a Fileset..................................................................................................................166Renaming a Fileset................................................................................................................166Updating Existing Fileset Configurations..................................................................................166

Removing Older Configuration Files....................................................................................167Upgrading From a G05.00 or Subsequent G-Series RVU..................................................167Upgrading From an RVU Preceding G05.00...................................................................167

Moving a Directory Hierarchy to Its Own Fileset........................................................................167Cleaning Up a Fileset............................................................................................................168Troubleshooting Filesets.........................................................................................................169Managing and Repairing Fileset Catalog Files..........................................................................170

Upgrading OSS Catalog Files...........................................................................................170Moving and Removing OSS Catalog Files...........................................................................171

Running CVT..............................................................................................................171Using the CVT HELP Command.....................................................................................172CVT Examples............................................................................................................173

6 Managing OSS Files...............................................................................174Obtaining Information About OSS Files...................................................................................174

Interpreting Guardian Filenames for OSS Files.....................................................................175Using the OSS gname Command.......................................................................................175Using the OSS pname Command.......................................................................................175Using FUP INFO on OSS Regular Files................................................................................176

Installing New Product Files...................................................................................................177Using COPYOSS..............................................................................................................178

Considerations............................................................................................................179Using PINSTALL...............................................................................................................180

Considerations............................................................................................................180

6 Contents

Removing Obsolete OSS Files and Directories...........................................................................181Updating the whatis Database Files........................................................................................182Backing Up and Restoring OSS Files.......................................................................................183

Considerations................................................................................................................183Guardian Files and the pax Utility.................................................................................184Guardian Tape Devices and the pax Utility.....................................................................184

Backing Up the OSS Environment Using a Version of Backup/Restore.....................................185Backing Up User Files.......................................................................................................186

Consolidate Changing OSS Files...................................................................................186Backing Up the OSS File Hierarchy of the Current Directory..............................................187Backing Up OSS File Hierarchies Using Backup and Restore 2.0.......................................188Backing Up an OSS Directory Hierarchy to a New Directory.............................................188Restoring OSS Files Using Backup and Restore 2.0..........................................................189Restoring OSS Files From a pax Archive.........................................................................189Creating a pax Backup of OSS Files in the Guardian File System.......................................190

Backing Up OSS Files to Other Expand Nodes....................................................................192Backup and Restore 2 Product and Restricted-Access Filesets..................................................192OSS Files and Backup/Restore Utilities (T9074)....................................................................192Restoring User Files..........................................................................................................193

Restoring NonStop SQL/MP Programs Using Backup/Restore Utilities (T9074).....................193Restoring Security Data Used For File Access...................................................................193Restoring a pax Archive of OSS Files Directly From the Guardian Environment.....................194Restoring a Compressed pax Archive of OSS Files From the Guardian File System................194Restoring Files From a pax Archive to the Guardian File System.........................................194Restoring a pax Archive of Guardian Files From a Tape....................................................194Verifying a Restored OSS File Backup............................................................................195

Erasing and Removing OSS Files............................................................................................195Redirecting OSS Standard Files..............................................................................................195Controlling the Maximum Number of Files...............................................................................197

7 Managing Terminal Access......................................................................199How Users Gain Access to the OSS Environment......................................................................199Configuring Telserv Access....................................................................................................199

Configuring the Telserv TACL Service..................................................................................199Configuring a Telserv Direct Service...................................................................................200

Logging In to the Shell Directly......................................................................................200Logging In to Another Program.....................................................................................201

Configuring FTP Access.........................................................................................................2038 Managing Users and Groups...................................................................204

How Users Gain Access to the OSS Environment......................................................................204User and User-Group Attributes..............................................................................................205Assigning an Initial Working Directory....................................................................................206

Creating an Initial Working Directory in the OSS Environment...............................................207Assigning an Initial Working Directory Using Safeguard.......................................................207Assigning an Initial Working Directory Using a TACLCSTM File..............................................208

Assigning an Initial Program..................................................................................................209Assigning an Initial Program Using Safeguard.....................................................................209Assigning an Initial Program Using a TACLCSTM File............................................................210

User Management Tools on OSS............................................................................................210useradd Command..........................................................................................................211usermod Command..........................................................................................................211userdel Command............................................................................................................212newusers Command.........................................................................................................212

Hints and Suggestions...........................................................................................................212Licensing the OSS Monitor to the Super Group....................................................................213

Contents 7

Configuring Expand Users................................................................................................213Configuring FTP Users......................................................................................................213Allowing Anonymous FTP Use............................................................................................214Disallowing OSS Use by Specific Users...............................................................................215Configuring Special Users.................................................................................................215

9 Managing Security.................................................................................216Common and Unique Characteristics of OSS and UNIX Security.................................................216

Administrative Files and Directories....................................................................................217Administrative Tools.........................................................................................................219User and Group Security in the OSS Environment.................................................................220Components of OSS Security Management.........................................................................221

Differences Between OSS and UNIX User and User-Group Configuration.....................................222OSS Security Auditing...........................................................................................................223

Audit Records for OSS Objects..........................................................................................224Object Names in Audit Records....................................................................................224Object Name Changes................................................................................................225

Auditing of OSS Shell Commands......................................................................................225Protecting Your System...........................................................................................................225

OSS Shell Commands Useful for Security Administration.......................................................226Creating a Logon Session With the su Command............................................................226Displaying Your User Login Name.................................................................................226Changing Your User Group..........................................................................................226

Use of suid Scripts...........................................................................................................227Preventing Security Problems.............................................................................................227Using Restricted-Access Filesets and File Privileges................................................................228

Restricted-Access Filesets..............................................................................................228File Privilege File Attribute.............................................................................................229

PRIVSOARFOPEN File Privilege................................................................................230PRIVSETID File Privilege...........................................................................................230Authenticated Logons, Authorized Privileged Switch ID Operations, and Restricted-AccessFilesets .................................................................................................................230

Identifying Attempts to Break Security.................................................................................231Using an OSS Security Event-Exit Process (SEEP)...................................................................231

OSS SEEP-Related Attributes for Filesets and OSS Name Server ........................................231Starting and Stopping an OSS SEEP..............................................................................232OSS SEEP-Related EMS Events......................................................................................234

10 Managing With the Shell.......................................................................235OSS Management With the Shell...........................................................................................235Customizing the OSS Shell.....................................................................................................236

Setting Up a Default .profile File........................................................................................236Setting Up an /etc/profile File...........................................................................................236

Adding Commands for User Convenience......................................................................237Controlling Reference Page Searches and Display...........................................................237Using the /etc/profile File Instead of a motd Command...................................................238

Localizing Software..........................................................................................................238Localizing Reference Pages...............................................................................................240

Monitoring the OSS Environment With the Shell........................................................................241Slow Performance............................................................................................................241Overuse of Resources.......................................................................................................241

Controlling the Growth of Directories.......................................................................................241Defragmenting Disks.............................................................................................................242Compressing Files.................................................................................................................242Executing Remote Shell Commands.........................................................................................243Parsing Command Options With the getopts Command............................................................243

8 Contents

OSS Core Utilities User Commands.........................................................................................243Executing OSS Core Utilities Commands.............................................................................244Viewing OSS Core Utilities Reference Pages........................................................................244

11 Managing OSS Devices.........................................................................246The Scope of OSS Device Management..................................................................................246Device Access......................................................................................................................246Managing Printers in the OSS Environment..............................................................................246

Specifying a Default Printer...............................................................................................247Using the /etc/printcap or printcap File..............................................................................247

Using a Printer Environment Variable.............................................................................24812 Managing Problems..............................................................................249

Problem-Reporting Procedures................................................................................................249Gathering Version Information About OSS Files........................................................................249

13 Open System Services Monitor...............................................................251OSS Monitor Overview.........................................................................................................251

OSS Monitor Features......................................................................................................251Online Help Facility.....................................................................................................251Fault Tolerance and Continuous Availability....................................................................254Software Requirements.................................................................................................255Localization................................................................................................................255Networking and Distributed Processing..........................................................................255Error Handling............................................................................................................255Subsystem and Process Attributes...................................................................................255

OSS Monitor SCF Command Reference Information..................................................................255ADD FILESET Command....................................................................................................256

Considerations............................................................................................................262Examples..............................................................................................................264

ADD SERVER Command...................................................................................................265Considerations............................................................................................................268Example....................................................................................................................269

ALTER FILESET Command..................................................................................................269Considerations............................................................................................................276Examples...................................................................................................................278

ALTER SERVER Command..................................................................................................278Considerations............................................................................................................283Examples...................................................................................................................285

ALTER SUBSYS, ALTER MON, and ALTER PROCESS Commands.............................................285Considerations............................................................................................................287Examples...................................................................................................................287

CONTROL FILESET Command...........................................................................................288Considerations............................................................................................................289Examples...................................................................................................................289

CONTROL SERVER Command...........................................................................................289Considerations............................................................................................................290Examples...................................................................................................................291

DELETE FILESET Command................................................................................................292Considerations............................................................................................................292Example....................................................................................................................292

DELETE SERVER Command................................................................................................292Considerations............................................................................................................293Example....................................................................................................................293

DIAGNOSE FILESET Command..........................................................................................293Considerations............................................................................................................295

Contents 9

Examples...................................................................................................................296FSCK Log File.............................................................................................................296

INFO FILESET Command...................................................................................................296Example....................................................................................................................301

INFO SERVER Command..................................................................................................301Example Report for the OSS Name Server, #ZPNS..........................................................305Example Report for the OSS Local Server 2 Server, #ZLS01..............................................306Example Report for the OSS Resource Agent Server, #ZRA01............................................306Example Report for the OSS Message-Queue Server, #ZMSGQ........................................307

INFO SUBSYS, INFO MON, and INFO PROCESS Commands...............................................307Considerations............................................................................................................309Example....................................................................................................................309

NAMES Command..........................................................................................................309Considerations............................................................................................................311Example....................................................................................................................311

RENAME FILESET Command.............................................................................................312Considerations............................................................................................................312Example....................................................................................................................312

START FILESET Command..................................................................................................312Considerations............................................................................................................313Examples...................................................................................................................313

START SERVER Command.................................................................................................313Considerations............................................................................................................313Example....................................................................................................................314Example....................................................................................................................314

STATUS FILESET Command................................................................................................314Considerations............................................................................................................321Examples...................................................................................................................321

STATUS SERVER Command...............................................................................................322Considerations............................................................................................................329Examples...................................................................................................................329

STOP FILESET Command...................................................................................................331Considerations............................................................................................................331Examples...................................................................................................................331

STOP SERVER Command..................................................................................................332Considerations............................................................................................................332Examples...................................................................................................................332

VERSION SUBSYS, VERSION MON, and VERSION PROCESS Commands..............................332Considerations............................................................................................................334Examples...................................................................................................................334

A Messages.............................................................................................335Event Management Service (EMS) Event Messages....................................................................335OSS EasySetup Utility Messages.............................................................................................335CVT Messages.....................................................................................................................336

CVT Warning Message....................................................................................................336CVT Error Messages.........................................................................................................337

FSCK Messages....................................................................................................................339FSCK Consistent-Fileset Messages.......................................................................................339FSCK Inconsistency and Error Messages.............................................................................340

OSS Monitor Messages.........................................................................................................355Unnumbered Messages....................................................................................................355Numbered Messages.......................................................................................................361

OSSTTY Subsystem Messages.................................................................................................381Startup Messages............................................................................................................381

10 Contents

B Manually Setting Up an OSS Environment..................................................386Creating a Basic OSS Environment Without Using the OSSSETUP Utility......................................386

Ensure Target System is Ready for Software Updates.............................................................386Update DSM/SCM If Necessary........................................................................................386Install Current Guardian Product Files.................................................................................386Prepare for Configuration..................................................................................................386Provide Required Configuration Files...................................................................................387Begin Configuring the OSS File System...............................................................................387Install OSS Product Files....................................................................................................387Complete the OSS Configuration.......................................................................................388Start OSS Servers............................................................................................................389Configure OSS Users........................................................................................................389

Completing a Preconfigured Basic OSS Environment.................................................................390Prepare for Configuration..................................................................................................390Start the OSS Processes and Filesets...................................................................................390Complete the OSS Configuration.......................................................................................390Configure OSS Users........................................................................................................391

C Falling Back to a Previous Release Version Update or Upgrading to a NewRelease Version Update..............................................................................393

Falling Back to a Previous RVU...............................................................................................393Upgrading to a New RVU.....................................................................................................393Release Version Update Compendiums....................................................................................393OSS Monitor Migration and Fallback Considerations................................................................394

D OSS Management Utilities.......................................................................395OSSTTY...............................................................................................................................395

Starting OSSTTY..............................................................................................................395Command..................................................................................................................395Considerations............................................................................................................398Examples...................................................................................................................398

Stopping OSSTTY............................................................................................................399EasySetup Utilities.................................................................................................................399

Utility File Security............................................................................................................399Interactive Dialogs............................................................................................................399Diagnostic Messages........................................................................................................400Utility PARAMs................................................................................................................401

Examples...................................................................................................................402OSSSETUP Utility.............................................................................................................402

Running OSSSETUP.....................................................................................................403Summary Displays.......................................................................................................403Considerations............................................................................................................404

STARTOSS Utility..............................................................................................................405Running STARTOSS......................................................................................................406Considerations............................................................................................................406

STOPOSS Utility...............................................................................................................406Running STOPOSS......................................................................................................406Considerations............................................................................................................407

OSSREMOV Utility...........................................................................................................407Running OSSREMOV...................................................................................................407Considerations............................................................................................................407

OSSINF File....................................................................................................................408OSSINFIL File..................................................................................................................408

Contents 11

E Summary of OSS Processes......................................................................409F Environment Limits...................................................................................411

OSS and Guardian Enscribe File Formats and File Size Limits.....................................................418Size Limits For Files Created on RVUs That Support Large OSS Files........................................418File Size Limit Behavior for File Open Operations.................................................................418

Glossary..................................................................................................421Index.......................................................................................................427

12 Contents

Figures1 Guardian Filenames and OSS Files....................................................................................302 Pathname Resolution for Remote File Access Through the Guardian Expand Network................323 OSS File-System Components.............................................................................................344 Interprocess Communication Facilities.................................................................................375 OSS AF_INET Sockets Servers for NonStop TCP/IP...............................................................426 OSS AF_UNIX Sockets Servers (AF_UNIX Release 1)...........................................................447 OSS AF_UNIX Sockets Servers (AF_UNIX Release 2)...........................................................458 OSS Files and Disk Volumes..............................................................................................819 Guardian Files and Disk Volumes.......................................................................................8210 Guardian Files in the OSS File System.................................................................................8311 Storage Pools and Disk Volumes........................................................................................8912 OSS Environment Servers..................................................................................................9113 Relationship Among OSS Configuration Files, Processes, and Disk Volumes...........................10514 OSS Configuration Files, Processes, and Disk Volumes Affected by Changing ZOSSPARM.......10715 OSS Configuration Files, Processes, and Disk Volumes Affected by Altering an OSS Name Server

Entry in ZOSSSERV.........................................................................................................11016 OSS Configuration Files, Processes, and Disk Volumes Affected by Altering an OSS Sockets

Local Server Entry in ZOSSSERV.......................................................................................11617 OSS Configuration Files, Processes, and Disk Volumes Involved in Adding a Fileset.................14418 Starting (Mounting) a Fileset............................................................................................14519 Redirecting Selected OSS Standard Files...........................................................................19620 Redirecting All OSS Standard Files...................................................................................19721 Major Components and Interfaces for OSS Security Management........................................222

Tables1 The Operating System Environments...................................................................................272 Management and Operations Tasks...................................................................................283 Currently Used TACL PARAMs for the OSS Monitor...............................................................534 Obsolete TACL PARAMs for the OSS Monitor.......................................................................545 Wildcard Characters in OSS Monitor Commands ...............................................................556 OSS Message-Queue Server Limits.....................................................................................927 OSS File System Memory Pool Resources.............................................................................958 OSS File System Bounded Resources...................................................................................959 OSS File System Unbounded Resources...............................................................................9610 Effects of File I/O Fault-Tolerance Attribute Settings.............................................................15311 Inconsistencies Checked by FSCK.....................................................................................16212 Configuration File Upgrades............................................................................................16613 Comparing the Installation Tools......................................................................................17814 Localization Environment Variables...................................................................................23915 Locale Names and Filenames .........................................................................................23916 Single OSS File System Resources for RTYPE paramname.....................................................32317 Group OSS File System Resources for RTYPE paramname....................................................32318 The EasySetup Utilities....................................................................................................39919 Summary of OSS Process Information...............................................................................40920 OSS Environment Limits...................................................................................................41121 Size Limits for Files Created on RVUs that Support Large OSS Files........................................41822 File Format and Limits Table for File Open Behavior............................................................419

Examples1 Sample Broadcast Message for Stopping the OSS File System................................................492 Sample Login Warning for Stopping the OSS File System......................................................503 Sample SCF LISTDEV Command Display.............................................................................584 TACL STATUS Display for an OSS Process............................................................................635 TACL STATUS, DETAIL Display for an OSS Process................................................................636 Displaying the ALL_OPENS OSS File System Resource Usages and Limits in SCF.......................977 Configuring FILESET INODES in SCF..................................................................................988 Sample SCF LISTDEV Command Display...........................................................................1319 A Storage-Pool File.........................................................................................................14710 FSCK Log File Examples..................................................................................................16111 OSS gname Command Examples.....................................................................................17512 OSS pname Command Examples.....................................................................................17613 FUP INFO Displays for OSS Files.....................................................................................17714 Output of DSAP command..............................................................................................19115 Telserv Login Using Default Telserv Services.......................................................................20016 Telserv Login Using an OSS Shell Direct Login Service........................................................20117 Telserv Login Using a Site-Written Direct Login Service........................................................20218 TACL Macro to Configure an OSS User.............................................................................20819 useradd Command – Create a New User.......................................................................21120 useradd Command – Create an Alias for an Existing User................................................21121 useradd Command – Modify Default Options for New Users.............................................21122 usermod Command – Change Home Directory for an Existing User....................................21223 usermod Command – Modify Expiration for a User's Alias................................................21224 userdel Command – Delete an Existing User, Home Directory, and Files............................21225 userdel Command – Delete an Alias for an Existing User.................................................21226 newusers Command – Create or Update Users in Batch...................................................21227 Sample /etc/profile File /etc/profile.sample.....................................................................23728 Sample /etc/printcap File /etc/printcap.sample................................................................24829 SCF HELP OSS Display...................................................................................................25230 SCF HELP Command OSS Menu......................................................................................25331 SCF HELP OSS FILESET Menu..........................................................................................25332 SCF Help OSS START FILESET Display...............................................................................25433 SCF HELP OSS Command Sample Error Number Display....................................................25434 Example of Servers, Subsystem Processes, and Other Information Display..............................40435 Example of a Storage Volumes for Filesets Display..............................................................40436 Example of Filesets, Mount Points, and Associated Name Servers Display..............................404

About This DocumentThis guide describes how to manage and operate the HP NonStop operating system Open SystemServices (OSS) environment. The HP NonStop operating system Open System Services (OSS)environment enables users on HP NonStop servers to integrate an operating system similar to theUNIX operating system into their work environment. You manage and operate the OSS environmentprimarily from the Guardian environment.This guide describes only what is unique to the OSS environment, its management, and its operation.This guide does not describe:

• General Guardian management or operation procedures.

• Guardian programs and commands that have been enhanced to accommodate the OSSenvironment.

• How to use Guardian programs that you would use to manage or operate Guardian systems,even though these programs could be applied to systems that have the OSS environmentrunning on them.

The OSS Utilities product (T8626) provides the essential OSS user commands and utilities, andthis guide is designed for these commands. For details of an OSS Utilities command, see therespective reference page either online or in the Open System Services Shell and Utilities ReferenceManual.Beginning with the J06.14 and H06.25 RVUs, the OSS Core Utilities product (T1202) providesadditional Open Source utilities. For information about the OSS Core Utilities, see “OSS CoreUtilities User Commands” (page 243).

Supported Release Version Updates (RVUs)This guide supports J06.03 and all subsequent J-series RVUs, H06.08 and all subsequent H-seriesRVUs, and G06.30 and all subsequent G-series RVUs until otherwise indicated in a replacementpublication.

Intended AudienceThis guide is for system managers and operators of the OSS environment. System managers setpolicy, perform system and shell configuration, and perform operations that require the use of thesuper ID (255,255 in the Guardian environment, 65535 in the OSS environment) or membershipin the super group (255,nnn), such as managing users and groups. System operators carry outsystem support and maintenance as described in the operations guide for their NonStop server.Because Open System Services is managed and operated primarily through the Guardianenvironment, the audience for this guide consists of Guardian system managers and operators andthose who have acquired proficiency at managing or operating a Guardian system. At the veryleast:

• System managers must complete the HP NonStop system education and training course thatincludes problem management for NonStop servers or have equivalent work experience.Additionally, they must be proficient at using a security product on a NonStop server, suchas the Safeguard product. System managers must have a basic knowledge of the UNIXoperating system and the Korn shell.

• Operators must complete the HP NonStop system education and training courses that includeconfiguration and change management and production management for the NonStop serveror have equivalent work experience.

Supported Release Version Updates (RVUs) 15

Unsupported UtilitiesHP is not responsible for the proper functioning of unsupported utilities or facilities and will notrespond to product reports about them. Such utilities and facilities include those in the OSS/bin/unsupported directory. Use these utilities and facilities at your own risk.

AcknowledgmentThe Portable Archive Interchange (pax) utility software was developed by Mark H. Colburn andis sponsored by the USENIX Association.

©1989 Mark H. Colburn.All rights reserved.The pax utility, distributed to HP free of charge, is used to support the tar, cpio, and pax userinterfaces furnished with the OSS environment and is documented in this guide and the OpenSystem Services Shell and Utilities Reference Manual.

New and Changed Information in the 527191-018 Edition (February2014)

The following information was added and changed for the J06.17 and H06.28 RVUs:

• Added information about new limits for the OSS message-queue server to the following:

“The OSS Message-Queue Server” (page 92)◦◦ “Configuration Database Files Used for the OSS Message-Queue Server” (page 112)◦ “ALTER SERVER Command” (page 278)◦ “INFO SERVER Command” (page 301)◦ “OSS Environment Limits” (page 411)

• Added the following OSS Core Utilities information:

Added GNU Findutils and GNU Grep information to “OSS Core Utilities User Commands”(page 243)

◦

◦ Revised information in “nroff Formatting Tool” (page 238).The following general information was changed:

• Changed information for POOL and BUFFERED attributes in “ADD FILESET Command”(page 256) and “ALTER FILESET Command” (page 269).

New and Changed Information in the 527191-017 Edition (August 2013)The following information was added and changed for the J06.16 and H06.27 RVUs:

• Extracted the user and group management information from the Managing Security chapter,and created a new chapter, “Managing Users and Groups” (page 204). Added informationabout new user management tools on OSS in the new section, “User Management Tools onOSS” (page 210).

• Revised the following information in “Prepare for Configuration” (page 386):

Changed the TYPE command to FUP COPY for displaying the release ID◦◦ Changed the root fileset disk space requirement from 500 MB to 10 GB

• Added information about creating TCP/IP symbolic links to an alternate location in “Completethe OSS Configuration” (page 388)

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• Added information about the OSSSETUP utility automatically creating symbolic links for theTCP/IP product to:

◦ “Completing a Preconfigured Basic OSS Environment” (page 390)◦ “Utility PARAMs” (page 401)◦ “OSSSETUP Utility” (page 402)

• Added the following OSS Core Utilities information:

Added information about differences between the OSS Utilities product (T8626) and theOSS Core Utilities product (T1202) in “About This Document” (page 15) and“Management Tools” (page 27)

◦

◦ Added xinetd information throughout “Managing Servers” (page 90)◦ Added information about nroff in “Controlling Reference Page Searches and Display”

(page 237)

◦ Added “OSS Core Utilities User Commands” (page 243)• Added the hard link and symbolic link glossary terms to “Glossary” (page 421)The following general information was added and changed:

• Added information to “The OSS Message-Queue Server” (page 92)

• Removed information about the creation of backup files for the ZOSSFSET, ZOSSPARM, andZOSSSERV files in “Configuration Files Used for the OSS Name Servers” (page 100)

• Added a table listing initial attribute values in the ZOSSSERV file for the OSS sockets localserver 2 server (AF_UNIX Release 2) to “Configuration Database Files Used for the OSSSockets Local Server” (page 113)

• Revised information in “Configuration Database Files Used for the OSS Transport-AgentServers” (page 116)

• Added “Configuration Database Files Used for the OSS Resource Agent Servers” (page 116)to the Configuration Files section

• Revised BACKUPCPU information in “ADD SERVER Command” (page 265)

• Revised OSS message-queue and BACKUPCPU information in “ALTER SERVER Command”(page 278)

• Added an example OSS message-queue server report to “INFO SERVER Command” (page 301)

• Added the following sections to “Falling Back to a Previous Release Version Update orUpgrading to a New Release Version Update” (page 393):

◦ “Release Version Update Compendiums” (page 393)◦ “OSS Monitor Migration and Fallback Considerations” (page 394)

New and Changed Information in the 527191-016 Edition (February2013)

The following information was added and changed for the J06.15 and H06.26 RVUs:

• Added information about the new OSS Security Event-Exit Process (SEEP) features to thefollowing:

◦ “The ZOSSFSET File” (page 101) in the Configuration Files section◦ “The ZOSSSERV File” (page 107)

New and Changed Information in the 527191-016 Edition (February 2013) 17

◦ “Starting an OSS Name Server” (page 127)◦ “Determining the Current Configuration of a Server” (page 131)◦ “Stopping a Specific OSS Name Server” (page 133)◦ “Reconfiguring an OSS Name Server” (page 135)◦ “Creating a Unique Fileset” (page 140)◦ “Audited SCF Operations” (page 150)◦ “Changing the Operating Parameters of a Fileset” (page 152)◦ “Common and Unique Characteristics of OSS and UNIX Security” (page 216)◦ New “Using an OSS Security Event-Exit Process (SEEP)” (page 231) section◦ Added OSS SEEP information to the following commands in “OSS Monitor SCF Command

Reference Information” (page 255):“CONTROL SERVER Command”“ADD FILESET Command”“INFO FILESET Command”“ADD SERVER Command”“INFO SERVER Command”“ALTER FILESET Command”“STATUS FILESET Command”“ALTER SERVER Command”“STATUS SERVER Command”“CONTROL FILESET Command”

◦ Added new messages 70–76 in “Numbered Messages” (page 361)◦ Added new OSS SEEP-protected term to “Glossary” (page 421)

• Revised Storage Management Foundation (SMF) information in the following:

“OSS Data Files” (page 85)◦◦ “Considerations” (page 183) in the Backing Up and Restoring OSS Files section

New and Changed Information in the 527191-015 Edition (August 2012)The following information was added and changed for the J06.14 and H06.25 RVUs:

• Added information about the new resource agent servers in “Introducing the OSS Servers”(page 90), and added the following new sections:

◦ “The OSS Resource Agent Servers” (page 93)◦ “Configuring the OSS Resource Agent Servers” (page 123)◦ “Starting an OSS Resource Agent Server” (page 129)◦ “Stopping an OSS Resource Agent Server” (page 135)

• Updated the following sections in “OSS Monitor SCF Command Reference Information”:“INFO SERVER Command” (page 301)“ADD FILESET Command” (page 256)“INFO SUBSYS, INFO MON, and INFOPROCESS Commands” (page 307)

“ADD SERVER Command” (page 265)

“NAMES Command” (page 309)“ALTER SERVER Command” (page 278)“START SERVER Command” (page 313)“ALTER SUBSYS, ALTER MON, and ALTER

PROCESS Commands” (page 285)“STATUS SERVER Command” (page 322)“CONTROL SERVER Command” (page 289)“STOP SERVER Command” (page 332)“DELETE SERVER Command” (page 292)

18

• Revised information about logging OSS File System EMS events to both $0 and $ZLOG in“Event Management Service (EMS) Event Messages” (page 335).

• Added process information for the resource agent servers to “Summary of OSS ProcessInformation” (page 409).

• Added information in “OSS Environment Limits” (page 411):

OSS processes limits◦◦ OSS File System resources, including new limits, EMS events, and how to view usages

and limits in SCF

• Added Open Source utilities and tools information to:

“Backing Up and Restoring OSS Files” (page 183)◦◦ “Erasing and Removing OSS Files” (page 195)◦ “Administrative Tools” (page 219)◦ “Managing With the Shell” (page 235)◦ “Compressing Files” (page 242)

• Revised information about the IOTIMEOUT attribute in:

“Currently Used TACL PARAMs for the OSS Monitor” (page 53)◦◦ “ALTER SUBSYS, ALTER MON, and ALTER PROCESS Commands” (page 285)◦ “INFO SUBSYS, INFO MON, and INFO PROCESS Commands” (page 307)

• Added new terms and definitions to “Glossary” (page 421).Updated the inodes limits for a fileset to 100,000-2,200,000, which is modified with theMAXINODES attribute in SCF. (See “Configuring the FILESET INODES Resource” (page 97).)Added information throughout this guide about AF_INET sockets utilizing AF_INET socket databuffers only when the process is configured on a Legacy TCP/IP address. If the process is configuredon a Parallel Library TCP/IP, TCP/IPv6, or CIP address, then AF_INET sockets do not utilizeAF_INET socket data buffers.Corrected the limit of 99,999 for Device labels per node in “OSS Environment Limits” (page 411).

New and Changed Information in the 527191-014 Edition (February2012)

• Revised the information about restricted-access filesets to indicate that the user ID you usewhen creating or managing restricted-access filesets must not be a member of the SafeguardSECURITY-OSS-ADMINISTRATOR (SOA) group in addition to not being the super ID (255,255).

• Updated the message text for messages OSS E00065 and OSS E00067.

• Added “Falling Back to a Previous Release Version Update or Upgrading to a New ReleaseVersion Update” (page 393), which describes additional steps you must perform when fallingback to a previous RVU or upgrading to a new RVU if you are not using NonStop SoftwareEssentials or DSM/SCM to manage your OSS files.

• Updated references to DSM/SCM throughout this guide to include references to NonStopSoftware Essentials.

New and Changed Information in the 527191-014 Edition (February 2012) 19

Document OrganizationThis guide contains information and procedures for managing and operating the OSS environment.It is divided into these chapters:Chapter 1: “Introducing Open System Services”

Presents an overview of how to manage and operate the OSS environment. It includes a tasktable that refers you to the appropriate documentation for specific kinds of tasks.

Chapter 2: “Operating the OSS Environment”Describes how to operate the OSS environment. This chapter includes procedures for managingsubsystems and processes, maintaining files needed in the OSS environment, and performingbackups and restores.

Chapter 3: “Understanding the OSS File System”Describes the structure and naming conventions within the OSS file system.

Chapter 4: “Managing Servers”Describes how to manage server processes and functions using OSS Monitor SCF commandsand, where necessary, HP Tandem Advanced Command Language (TACL) commands.

Chapter 5: “Managing Filesets”Describes how to manage filesets using OSS Monitor SCF commands and (where necessary)TACL commands, including: How to use the OSS Monitor SCF DIAGNOSE FILESET command,which invokes the FSCK fileset integrity checker. How to use the Guardian Catalog VolumeTool (CVT) utility, which enables you to manage fileset catalogs.

Chapter 6: “Managing OSS Files”Describes the actions necessary to maintain data files within the OSS file system.

Chapter 7: “Managing Terminal Access”Describes how to configure user access to the OSS environment for terminal users.

Chapter 9: “Managing Security”Summarizes security features, user and user-group characteristics, and means for protectingyour system. It also describes how to specify initial working directories and initial programs.OSS Security Event-Exit Process (SEEP) information is provided for NonStop systems runningJ06.15 or H06.26 (and subsequent) RVUs.

Chapter 10: “Managing With the Shell”Describes how to manage objects in the OSS environment using the OSS version of the Kornshell. The shell is the command interface to the OSS environment.

Chapter 11: “Managing OSS Devices”Discusses OSS devices and describes how to configure printers in the OSS environment.

Chapter 12: “Managing Problems”Briefly reviews problem-reporting procedures in the OSS environment.

Chapter 13: “Open System Services Monitor”Provides a reference to the Subsystem Control Facility (SCF) product module for the OSS Monitorand the SCF commands you can use to manage the OSS environment.

Appendix A: “Messages”Describes OSS EasySetup, CVT, FSCK, OSS message-queue server, OSS Monitor, and OSSsubsystem messages.

Appendix B: “Manually Setting Up an OSS Environment”Summarizes the procedures to configure and start a new OSS environment.

Appendix D: “OSS Management Utilities”Describes the OSSTTY and OSS EasySetup product utilities and files.

20

Appendix E: “Summary of OSS Processes”Provides a summary of names, descriptions, and start characteristics for common OSS processes.

Appendix F: “Environment Limits”Provides guidance on current maximum values for various OSS features.

Notation Conventions

General Syntax NotationThis list summarizes the notation conventions for syntax presentation in this manual.UPPERCASE LETTERS

Uppercase letters indicate keywords and reserved words. Type these items exactly as shown.Items not enclosed in brackets are required. For example:MAXATTACH

Italic Letters

Italic letters, regardless of font, indicate variable items that you supply. Items not enclosed inbrackets are requ