open hardware and unconventional electronics presentation

8/12/2019 Open Hardware and Unconventional Electronics Presentation

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Open hardware

unconventionelectronics

John Sarik

Columbia University

[email protected]


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About me

I have a distinct speaking style

Im a 5th year EE PhD student at Columbia

Hardware hacker in the Columbia Laboratory for Unconventional Electronic

- Led by Professor John Kymissis

- Specialize in novel integration

- Entrepreneurial emphasis

Transistors

Light emitters

Photodetectors

Solar cells

Piezoelectrics

Thin film batteries

Strain sensors

Actuators


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What are unconventional electronics?

Conventional silicon electronics are following Moores Law and getting sma

Unconventional electronics are designed for applications with requirements

conventional electronics cant meet

- Unique sizes or shapes

- Unique substrates

- Unique mechanical, electrical, optical properties

- Unique fabrication techniques

Unconventional electronics will compliment, not replace, conventional elect


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What is novel integration?

Energy Harvesting Active Networked Tags

- Enabling technology for the Internet of Things

Lumiode: A high brightness, high efficiency microdisplay platform

- Enabling technology for head-mounted, see-through augmented reality d

III-V LEDsoffer high optical power

density, efficient lightoutput, and long lifetime


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What is open hardware?

Open source hardware is hardware whose design is made publicly availab

anyone can study, modify, distribute, make, and sell the design or hardware

design. OSHW Statement of Principles 1.0


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How open is open hardware?

Arduino, the most famous example of open hardware has an open sourc

chain, open source board design files, but non-open components

Litera


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Why is this a problem?

Philosophical

- Its a literal black box

- The I, Pencil Problem

Practical

- Limited selection of comp

combinations of capabilit

- Worldwide Atmel Shortag

- Counterfeit electronics ar

problem


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Whats the solution?

Replicators!

- RepRap is about making self-replicating machines, and making them free

the benefit of everyone. We are using 3D printing to do this, but if you hav

technologies that can copy themselves and that can be made freely availthis is the place for you too.


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Whats the state of the art today?

3D printers can print a wide range

of materials at different size scales

Currently limited to printing mostly

structural not functional materials


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Can we print functional materials?

Yes! We can build unconventional electronics using conventional 2D printin


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What else can we print?

Transistors

Solar cells

Batteries

Displays

Passives (resistors, capacitors)

The most fundamental printable component is a cond


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How do we combine 2D printing and 3D printing?

Most hobbyist 3D printers build objects layer by layer by extruding thermop

are currently no functional commercially available thermoplastics

Printing functional materials requires additional hardware!

Wire Extruder [1] Woods Metal [2] Silver Pen [3]

[1] Sells E., Bowyer A., 2004. Rapid Prototyped

http://www.staff.bath.ac.uk/ensab/replicator/Dow

[2] Bayless, J., Chen, M., and Dai, B., 2010. Wir

http://www.reprap.org/mediawiki/images/2/25/Sp

[3] http://openmaterials.org/2010/12/14/diy-printe


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What are the current limitations?

Software

- Currently limited to printing in a single plane

- Existing software toolchain converts a 3D model to a

series of machine codes, but there is no standard foradding functional materials to a print

- Need new file format (STL, Gcode, other?)

Materials

- Limited selection of compatible, available materials

Conductivity(/Sq@25um) Pri($/m

CuPro-Cote (Cu) 1 0.1Electrodag 915 (Ag) 0.015 15

ExtrusionTemp

KOHSoluble

WaterSoluble

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)

220 No No

Polylactic acid (PLA) 195 Yes No

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) 180 Yes Yes

Common Thermoplastics Air drying conductive inks


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How do we combine 3D printing and 3D depositio

Research conducted at Microsoft Research Cambridge in the Sensors and

Spray deposition system based on a commercial airbrush and room tempe

conductive inks

Allows for easy conformal deposition of materials on non-planar, non-unifo


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Overcoming the limitations of spray deposition

Object printed in ABS (red)

Sacrificial support and masking layer printed in PLA (blue)

Silver deposited (green)

PLA removed in KOH (ABS and silver not affected)

More complex structures can be fabricated by alternating between ABS, PL

Excellent sidewall coverage allows truly three dimensional printed conducti


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Immediate extensions

Fully additive, fully automated printed circuit board manufacturing

Printed electrometrical components


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Future extensions

Explore new materials such as semiconducting, photovoltaic, or light-emitti

Improve the software toolchain and work toward a standard file format


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What about stereolithography?

3D printers based on UV curable resins are becoming available

Similar to photolithography, a standard patterning technique for convention

Different wavelengths of light can be used to functionalize different materia


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Can DIY electronics scale?

Traditional electronics fabrication requires extremely high yields

3D printed objects can fail in interesting and instructive ways

Printed electronics often fail in frustrating ways


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How can we bring printable electronics out of the

Leverage the 3D printing and open source communities

Bring together people with different areas of expertise


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Conclusion

Printable electronics can enable truly open hardware (Turtles all the way do

OSCON attendees share a common vision of an open source future and ha

necessary to make it happen

Questions? Comments? Collaborations?

Email me at [email protected]

Demos!

open hardware and unconventional electronics presentation

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