open: decreasing costs, improving access, and increasing quality of education

OPEN

Decreasing Costs, Improving Access, and Increasing Quality of Education

David Wiley, Shuttleworth / Lumen / BYU

“Socially Responsible Research”

For the love of Pete -MAKE A DIFFERENCE

Overview

• The Why and What of “open”

• Sharing at scale, and when sharing isn’t

• The Displacing Adoption and the Golden Ratio

• Results, and shaping the trend line

WHAT and WHY

Education is Sharing

Education is Sharing

Faculty with studentsStudents with teachers

Faculty Share With Students

Knowledge and skillsFeedback and criticism

Encouragement

Students Share With Faculty

Questions in ClassAssignments

Exams

Successful Educators

Share most compeltelywith the most students

If there is no sharing…

there is no education.

Interlude: A Riddle

What can you give without giving it away?

Ideas are Nonrivalrous

Can be given without being given away

Physical Expressions Are Not

To give a book you must give it away

Expressions Are Different

To give a book you must give it away

When Expressions Are Digital

They also become nonrivalrous

Unprecedented Capacity

We can share as never before

Except We Can’t

© regulates copying, adapting,and distributing those copies

InternetEnables

What to do?

CopyrightForbids

Use copyright to enforce sharing

The 4Rs

Reuse – copy verbatimRevise – adapt and edit

Remix – combine with other OERRedistribute – share with others

http://creativecommons.org/

What to Watch For

What are Open Educational Resources (OER)?

(1) Any kind of teaching materials – textbooks, syllabi, lesson plans,

videos, readings, exams

What are Open Educational Resources (OER)?

(2) Are free for anyone to access, and(3) Include free permission to engage

in the 4R activities

InternetEnables

OERAllows

Leveraging the full technical capability of the internet

Sharing at Scale

When Sharing Isn’t

Well Over 500M CC License Uses

Over half a billion OER

OpenCourseWare Consortium

When Is Sharing Not Sharing?

When it is only offering

Publishing (Offering) is Prestigious

Reusing is not

Vice Versa

We need to change the wayreuse is valued

The Displacing Adoption

and why it matters

Tuition and Fees are Political

What about textbook adoptions?

Textbook Costs

The lowest hanging fruit

e.g., Developmental Math

$180, MyMathLab, and a financial aid check

Displacing Adoptions

Make the required textbook cost $0

The Golden Ratio

Education’s Golden Ratio

Dollars spent per learning outcome

Open High School of Utah

Public, fully online charter school400 students in grades 9-12Adding 7-8 in Fall 2013-2014

Open High School of Utah

Charter mandates use of OER 76% whole school proficiency

(Ranked 31st in Utah)

% Proficient on CRT

Content + LMS Cost

Proficiency per Dollar

Other 58% $380 0.15

OHSU 76% $18 4.22

% Proficient on CRT

Content + LMS + Teacher Cost

Proficiency per Dollar

Other 58% $800 0.07

OHSU 76% $34 2.24

Results

Shaping the Trend Line

Utah Open Textbook Project

Hewlett fundingSecondary science classrooms

Adapt CK12.org textbooks


3 years, 6000 students, 30 teachersVery few digital devices


$4.99 per book ($80/$11.43)

MethodQuasi-experimental design with:• Treatment and Control Group• Pre and Post Test• Dependent variable: 2012 science CRT

score• Independent variable: Textbook condition• Covariates: age, gender, special

education, English language proficiency, 2011 test data, 2011 GPA, and race

Propensity Score Matching

Conditional probability of assignment Increased group balance by 98%

Results

• IRT scaled scores +0.8 for participants, significant at p < .001

• Multiple r squared of .635 (variance in scores accounted for in our model)


Saves money Improves outcomes

Period


Winter 2012: USOE goal of 6-12Fall 2013: 75,000 students in science

Math and ELA nextState partnerships

Kaleidoscope Open Course Initiative

NGLC funding8 community colleges / OA colleges

Aggregate OER-based textbook replacements

Kaleidoscope

10 GE courses; 9,000 studentsDropped required textbook cost to $0

Average change was +14% in success rate

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Historical Success Kaleidoscope

Why?

OER mean full access to all course content for every student from day 1

Student ratings of quality of open texts

Better quality

Same quality

Worse quality

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Number of Students

• “It was very concise and aligned with exactly what we were working on in the class.”

• “Having the textbook catered to us by our teacher was perfect.”

3%

56%

41%

Bliss, Hilton, Wiley, Thanos (2012)

Student preference for Kaleidoscope courses

Prefer Kscope

Prefer traditional

No preference

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Number of Students

• “I enjoy having online texts provided for me because I'm poor. I spend the money I have left after rent on school, so having free online texts provided for me benefits me very much.”

• “GREAT WAY TO DO ONLINE CLASSES!!!!”

13%

13%

73%

Bliss, Hilton, Wiley, Thanos (2012)

Kaleidoscope

Renewal funding from NGLCExpanding to 28 institutions

Textbook Zero

Tidewater Community CollegeAssociates of Business Administration

Opens Fall 2013

Textbook Zero

100% OER pathway through degreeDecreases cost of degree by 25%+

OER and Assessment

Redesign

Assessment and

Behavioral Student

Data

Determine OER

Effectiveness

Students Use OER and

Assessments

Continuous Improvement (ImprovOER)

By Fall 2013

OHSU + TCC100% OER pathway from 7 - Associates

By Fall 2015

100% OER options for6-12 science, math, and ELA

By Fall 2015 (?)

100% OER options forGeneral Education requirements

By Fall 2016 (?)

100% OER pathway through aBachelors degree

Driving Questions

How inexpensive can we make it?How broadly can we expand access and

participation?How high can we push the success rate?

Driving Questions

If I only have 25 years left,is there something more important

I should be working on?

Discussion

http://davidwiley.org/