open cycle powe plant

8/9/2019 Open Cycle Powe Plant

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CCPP PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMCCPP PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

Legend :

GT : Gas Turbine

GTG : Gas Turbine Generator

ST : Steam Turbine

STG : Steam Turbine Generator

HRSG : Heat Reo!er" Steam Generator

E#etria# Line

Gas Fue# Line

Feed Water$Steam Line

Coo#ing Water Line

#1 HRSG

#1 GTG

37 MW

#2 GTG

37 MW

#1 GT

#2 GT

M

STG

50 MWST

88 BAR

88 BAR

CONDENSER

FEED WATER PUMP

86 Ton/h

#2 HRSG86 Ton/h

DEMN P!ANT

GAS COMPRESSOR

GAS

SUPP!"

BBG

PGN

WATER

SUPP!"

COO!NG TOWERMA$E UP

WATER

T%&'o

T%&'o

T%&'o

S()*+h,-&% S()*+h"&%.

%oundar" o& O ' M

O(erates b" MG)

O(erates b" %P

PL*

++,-$./ 01

++,-$./ 01

++,-$./ 01

./$+2/ 01


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%ra"ton C"#e

3Gas Turbine O(en C"#e4


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%ra"ton C"#e

A sim(#e gas turbine onsist o& a om(ressor5 ombustion 6amber5 and turbine, T6eidea#i7ed air standard "#e o& gas turbine is %ra"ton "#e,

+ 8 . Isentro(i om(ression

. 8 2 Isobari 6eat addition

2 8 9 Isentro(i E(ansion

9 8 + Isobari 6eat re;etion

Assum(tion :

it6 onstant s(ei&i 6eat


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P 8 1 and T 8 S diagram o& %ra"ton C"#e

S6a&t

Wor=

Com(,

Wor=

Com(,

Wor=

S6a&t

Wor=

T6e gas is om(ressed &rom P+to P., T6en t6e 6eat is added to t6e gas eit6er b"

interna# ombustion or 6eat e6anger and t6e tem(erature rise &rom T.to T2,T6e 6ot is gas e(anded in turbine to get use&u# >or= in t6e &orm o& s6a&t

rotation, T6e (ressure is dro( &rom P2to P9, T6e e6aust gas re;et its 6eat

eit6er to atmos(6ere or 6eat e6anger and t6e tem(erature derease &rom T9to

T+, At t6is (oint t6e "#e is om(#ete,

Note : P1= P

4and P

2= P

3


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Gas Turbine O(en C"#eT6e gas turbine o(en "#e is a #itt#e di&&erent &rom bra"ton "#e, In gas turbine

sim(#e "#e t6e gas is not re"#ed, T6e 6eat re;etion (roess our in

atmos(6ere and t6e ne> air is introdued in t6e om(ression (roess, In t6e rea#

"#e t6e om(ression$e(ansion (roess are not isentro(i, T6e das6 #ine s6o>

t6e rea# om(ression and e(ansion (roess, T6e 6eat addition and re;etion are

not (ure isobari due to (ressure dro(,

GT o(en "#e T 8 s diagram


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Gas Turbine Main Com(onents

Aia# om(ressor ' turbine Centri&uga# om(ressor ' turbine

Com(

Turbine

Turbine

Com(

Combustion 6amber an


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Gas Turbine O(en C"#e En6anement

T6e basi (rini(#es to im(ro!e o(en "#e gas turbine (er&ormane :

1 n+%-&- T%)n- En*% T-4-%&*%- TET

2 n+%-&- Co4%-)on R&*)o

3 D-+%-&- n-* A)% T-4-%&*%-

9 n*-%+oo-%

5 R-h-&*

6 R-,-n-%&*o%

7 Co,-n-%&*)on


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%" inreasing t6e tem(erature o& ombustion gas t6e (er&ormane o& t6e gas

turbine >i## im(ro!e, In o(en "#e i& >e inrease t6e 6ot gas tem(erature5 t6e

t6erma# e&&iien" >i## dro( a #itt#e but t6e s(ei&i out(ut 3MW$=g$s4 inrease

signi&iant#", In ombine "#e ase5 bot6 t6erma# e&&iien" and s(ei&i out(ut

>i## inrease 3see &igure in net (age4,

Ho>e!er >e an?t inrease t6is tem(erature too mu6 due to #imitation inmateria# me#ting (oint and 6ig6 tem(erature orrosion (6enomenon, To o!erome

t6is barrier5 se!era# e&&ort de!e#o(ed b" e(erts as &o##o> :

a,E(#ore better oo#ing te6ni@ues

b,Resear6 on ad!ane materia# &or 6ot gas (at6 setion

3om(osite a##o" te6no#og"5 sing#e r"sta# asting5 so#id state di&&usionbonding4

a,Coating Te6no#og" 3T6erma# %arrier Coating4

+, Inrease Turbine Entr" Tem(erature


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a, Design better oo#ing s"stem &or 6ot gas (at6 setion o& turbine


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b,A.:&n+-. 4&*-%)& &n. +o&*)n, *-+hnoo,

Sine +-/5 turbine bu=et materia# tem(erature a(abi#it" 6as ad!aned a((roimate#" B-/F$9.C5 a((roimate#" ./F$+/C (er "ear, T6e im(ortane o& t6is inrease an be a((reiated b" noting

t6at an inrease o& +//F$-C in turbine &iring tem(erature an (ro!ide a orres(onding inrease o& B to +2 in out(ut and . to 9 im(ro!ement in sim(#e"#e e&&iien",


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Ad!ane oating te6no#og" ma=e it (ossib#e &or gas turbine toda" >or= at

tem(erature +9// /C, Coating materia# (rotet me#ting and orrosion 3oidation4

o& bu=et base meta#, T6e T6erma# %arrier Coating 3T%C4 onsist o& bonding

oat 3MCrA#4 and erami$oide 3usua##" 7ironia5 rO.4, T6is oating ombine

>it6 #atest oo#ing te6no#og" using steam >i## gi!e t6e 6ig6er gas tem(erature

a##o>ed &or gas turbine,


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., Inrease Pressure Ratio

=

+43=

3(r4

++=

%asi bra"ton "#e t6erma# e&&iien" de(end on (ressure ratio o& t6e

om(ressor, Hig6er (ressure ratio gi!e 6ig6er t6erma# e&&iien",

Idea# bra"ton "#e e&&iien" !s (ressure ratio


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., Inrease Pressure Ratio

In rea# "#e inreasing (ressure ratio 6as #imitation >6ere t6e inrease o& s(ei&i >or=

onsumed b" t6e om(ressor is greater om(ared to derease in s(ei&i 6eat onsum(tion,

Inuene o& (ressure ratio to e&&iien" and

s(ei&i out(ut in t"(ia# 6ea!" dut" turbines


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2, Derease Air In#et Tem(erature

E&&et o& In#et Tem(erature


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Co#d air is denser t6an 6ot air and need #o>er >or= to om(ress, Denser airmeans more air 3mass4 o>s t6roug6 t6e om(ressor, T6e turbine out(ut is(ro(ortiona# to mass o>, T6e 6eat rate a#so derease >it6 oo#er air due to #ess>or= &or om(ression,

Common met6od &or oo#ing air in#et :

+,E!a(orati!e oo#ing 3etrat 6eat b" e!a(orate >ater4 E!a(orati!e oo#er media

Foggers

E!a(orati!e interoo#ing 3O!ers(ra"$o!eroo#ing4

.,In#et 6i##ing 3etrat 6eat b" 6eat trans&er &rom atmos(6eri air to 6i##ing

re&rigerant4 Diret in#et 6i##ing

T6erma# energ" storage


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E!a(orati!e Coo#er Media


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Foggers 3>ater dro(#et J +/ miron4

O!ers(ra" or e!a(orati!e interoo#ing a6ie!ed b" s(ra" more &og t6an >6at an

be e!a(orated b" t6e air, W6en t6e air is om(ressed5 its tem(erature rise, T6e &og

e!a(orate and t6e om(ressed air oo#ing do>n, T6e tota# mass o> inrease and

t6e om(ression >or= derease,


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T6e main dra>ba= o& e!a(orati!e oo#er : maimum tem(erature derease

a6ie!ed is t6e di&&erene bet>een dr" bu#b tem(erature and >et bu#b

tem(erature, I& t6e ambient air is 6umid t6en t6is met6od is not &easib#e an"more,

T6e on#" 6oie to oo# t6e ambient air is using in#et 6i##er, T6e basi (rini(#e o&

in#et 6i##ing is oo#ing t6e air using t6e oo#ing oi# >it6 oo#ing #i@uid &rom

re&rigeration "#e 3eit6er b" me6ania# 6i##er$!a(or om(ression or absor(tion

6i##er4,

Com(ressor

T

urb

ine

Comb, 6amber

Coo#ingoi#

E6aust gas

Ambient

air in#et

Coo#ing

#i@uid in#et

Coo#ing

#i@uid out#et

C6i##er


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Coo#ing oi# trans&er 6eat &rom ambient air to re&rigerant inside t6e tube


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T6erma# Energ" Storage S"stem For Pea=ing Po>er Augmentation


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In diret 6i##ing t6e 6i##er run a## t6e time >6et6er (ea= or o&& (ea=, T6e oo#ing

#i@uid iru#ate a## t6e time to oo# t6e ambient air, In ase t6e e#etriit" (rie so

6ig6 in t6e (ea= 6ours (eo(#e (re&er using t6erma# energ" storage, During o&&

(ea= t6e 6i##er ma=e ie and =ee( t6at in storage tan=, W6en t6e (ea= #oad t6e

6i## >ater in t6e bottom o& t6e tan= (um(ed to oo#ing oi# &or oo#ing t6eambient air,


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9, Interoo#er

Interoo#ed C"#e


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9, Interoo#er

T6e ambient air om(ressed b" LP om(ressor and interoo#ed be&ore enter

t6e HP om(ressor, T6e >or= &or om(ression in HP om(ressor derease so t6e

>or= out(ut and e&&iien" inrease, T6e interoo#er an be eit6er diret ontat

3e!a(orati!e4 or etended sur&ae 6eat e6anger,

T 8 s diagram &or interoo#ed om(ression


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-, Re6eat

A&ter #ea!ing t6e &irst turbine some &ue# added seond ombustor and gi!e etra

>or= on seond turbine, T6e e6aust tem(erature is sti## 6ig6 3T4 t6ere&oreinreased t6e 6eat (otentia# &or regeneration,


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, Regenerator


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, Regenerator

T6e air &rom om(ressor etrat 6eat &rom e6aust gas so redue t6e &ue#

onsum(tion, From abo!e T 8 s diagram >e an see t6e 6eat re@uired to a6ie!e

T2 is di!ided into t>o5 &rom T. to T- using e6aust gas5 and t6e rest 3&rom T- to

T24 using 6eat &rom &ue# ombustion,


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, Cogeneration

In ogeneration "#e5 t6e e6aust gas &rom GT enter t6e HRSG and t6e 6eat

etrated to (rodue steam, T6e steam an be used &or dri!ing steam turbine5

in;eted ba= to gas turbine or &or (roess steam,


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open cycle powe plant

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