Open Access

Lisa Kruesi

Scholarly Publishing and Digitisation Service

June 2013

Session

• Introduction to Open Access (OA) • Situation at UQ

– eSpace & green OA • How to find more about OA • Who to contact at UQ Library for help

Open Access Logo: Art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, and JakobVoss http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access

Open Access (OA) Definition • OA literature is digital, free of most copyright and licensing

restrictions • Focus on peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles via Internet • There are two different ways of obtaining open accessibility to

scientific research results: Green and Gold. • Open access is also increasingly being provided to data, books

and book chapters, conference papers, theses, working papers and preprints.

• Open content is similar to OA, but may include the right to modify the work

• While open access relies on the consent of copyright holders to share their work, making material open access will not deprive copyright holders of any rights. Copyright laws still apply.

1. "Open Access." Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 18 June 2012. Web 3 September 2012. available: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access 2. Suber, Peter. Open Access. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2012

Open Access (OA) Definition

• Green Self Archiving - authors publish in a journal and then archive a freely available version of the manuscript in their institution's repository (UQ eSpace), or in a national repository (for example, RePEc) or link to published versions or post the manauscript on other OA sites. Green journal publishers are those that allow self-archiving.

• Gold authors publish in OA journals that provide free, immediate access to the articles via publisher web sites that may or may not carry author fees. The Public Library of Science (PLOS) is an example.

• There are hybrid OA journals providing Gold OA for authors who pay an up-front-fee to publish on their journal’s web site.

World’s first scientific journal Figure 1: Research Information Network.

Trends in the finances of UK higher education libraries: 1999-2009, 2010, p 17 (Chart 12: Indexed real terms expenditure per institution on electronic serials)

1990s+ 2000+ 2001 2008-2009 1970-1990s 2012

Access shifts from personal subscriptions towards library- provided access. Tenopir, C.

Many Universities set up research repositories to record & store research outputs by University staff and students

Most libraries need to cancel journals to pay for new subscriptions

Sales of large portfolios of e-journals content (‘big-deals’) to libraries via consortia deals is the predominant way research content is purchased

Open access emerges led by scholars, to make publicly funded research available to all. The Budapest Open Access Initiative occurs. Creative Commons founded.

There is a patchy-approach world-wide to establishing funding schemes to pay for OA author fees at universities

Scholarly Publishing Trends

Australian Government invests $26 million to establish digital repositories in Universities

New gold model Subscriber pays • Journals paid for by

readers, libraries and institutions

• Payment by annual

subscription / consortia deal / page charges

• One-off payments for specific issues or a fee for article delivery (pay per view)

• Licensed content

• Content is restricted

User pays – Gold model • Publication paid for by the author,

the author’s institution or research grant

• Payment is via an Article Processing Charge (APC)

• Payments are transparent

• No access restrictions, no logins, no passwords

• Subject to Copyright Act / Creative Commons

Solomon, D. J., & Björk, B. C. (2012). A study of open access journals using article processing charges. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(8), 1485-1495

Researchers in developing countries

can see your work

More exposure for your work

Practitioners can apply your findings

Higher citation rates

Your research can Influence policy

The public can access your findings

Compliant with grant rules

Taxpayers get value for money

‘Benefits of open access’ (Danny Kingsley and Sarah Brown, 2013)

Independent of OA

• Journals can be more open or less open. But there degree of openness is independent from their:

*Impact, *Prestige, *Quality of Peer Review, *Peer Review Methodology *Sustainability, *Effect on Tenure & Promotion *Article Quality Taken from: HowOpenIsIt:http://www.plos.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/OAS_English_web.pdf

Where to publish Identifying publishing opportunities

• Decide early (before drafting the paper). Look for a journal and then write the paper

• Look for journals that have published in your discipline area • Consider journals that have published work you cite • Audience – who will read your article? • Prestige – does the journal appear on the ERA journal listings? • Predatory Publishers List • Checklist for evaluation • Access – will you publish in an open access journal? • Impact – refers to how often a journal’s content is cited by other authors,

thereby giving an indication of the influence of a publication. • Likelihood of acceptance – top tier v’s less prestigious journals • Does it cost to publish in the journal?

• More details: Fact Sheet 8 Where to Publish Your Journal Article and the

Open Access Spectrum (OAS) HowOpenIsIt Guide

Open Access – library website

www.library.uq.edu.au/open-access

Addendum

• All OA journals and 70% non-OA journals allow authors to self archive their peer reviewed post prints - for the remaining journals an authors addendum can be used to vary the terms of a publication agreement

• UQ Addendum on the UQ Library OA website • NHMRC Addendum

Mandates

• UK Wellcome Trust and the Research Councils (2006)

• US National Institute of Health (2007) • Australia National Health and Medical

Research Council (2012) • ARC (2013) • European Union (2014)

Australian Research Council

• New policy as of 1 January 2013

– any publications arising from an ARC supported research project must be deposited into an open access institutional repository within a twelve (12) month period from the date of publication.

– http://www.arc.gov.au/applicants/open_access.htm (slide attribution http://www.information-online.com.au/pdf/Tuesday_Concurrent_4_1445_Callan.pdf )

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Any publications? • Yes, all publications – including books

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Any grant? • No. The policy relates to Funding Rules

and Agreements released after 1 January 2013. It will not be applied retrospectively to pre-existing Funding Rules and Agreements.

(slide attribution http://www.information-online.com.au/pdf/Tuesday_Concurrent_4_1445_Callan.pdf )

Compliance

• If material cannot be included in a repository, then a justification must be provided in Final Report.

• It can be the author’s accepted manuscript version (Word doc) after peer review or the publisher’s formatted/copy-edited version that is deposited.

• If the material is publicly accessible via a publisher’s website or service such as RePEc, then it is sufficient to deposit just the metadata in the institutional repository and link to the OA fulltext.

• The grant identification number must be included when the material (or metadata) is deposited in an IR. http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/grants/policy/dissemination-research-findings (Slide attribution:

http://www.information-online.com.au/pdf/Tuesday_Concurrent_4_1445_Callan.pdf)

Summary of OA status for top 60 ERA journals (mainly STM) and top 10 journals in each 2 digit FoR code

FoR code Archiving policies Delayed or immediate OA Mostly STM Most post print, 8 allow publishers

PDF, some post print with agreement – 2 unknown

13/60

FoR code Archiving policies Delayed or immediate OA Built Environment Most post print, 3 unknown 0/10 Education Most post print, 2 unknown 0/10 Economics Nine post print – some require

agreement 1/10

Commerce Ten post print – some require agreement

0/10

Human Society Most post print – some require agreement – 2 unknown

0/10

Law 5 post print, 5 unknown 0/10 Creative Studies Most post print, 5 unknown 0/10 Language Most post print, 6 unknown 1/10 History Most post print, 5 unknown 0/10 Philosophy Most post print – some require

agreement – 2 unknown 0/10

UQ Pilot

• An OA pilot will be managed by the UQ Library and the Office of the DVC(R), working with three UQ Schools or Institutes, covering different disciplinary areas, over three months

• The pilot will commence mid-July 2013 • Pilot will seek to:

– Ensure UQ compliance with NHMRC and ARC mandates (already in effect)

– Encourage self-archiving of researcher publications in eSpace – Establish efficient workflows and centralised support that

minimises compliance overhead for researchers – Negotiate UQ-specific agreements with key publishers (e.g.,

Elsevier), to facilitate bulk deposits to eSpace

What is UQ eSpace? • A place to record and showcase UQ research

publications, raising visibility and accessibility • An institutional repository for:

– open access publications – other digitised materials such as photographs,

audio, videos, manuscripts and other original works – UQ Research Higher Degree Theses + some others

• The single authoritative source for the publication outputs of UQ internal systems such as Q-Index and UQ Researchers (and those currently under development)

• Provides data for reporting requirements such as ERA and HERDC

espace.library.uq.edu.au

What is in eSpace? Document type Total records OA records Journal Article 94965 4245 (4%) Conference Papers 36486 2608 Book Chapters 10127 431 Theses * 9681 550 Images 5515 5515 Books 5343 575

* 7484 theses - UQ staff and students only Other documents types include: Research Reports, Preprints, Working Papers, Creative Works, Designs, Audio and Videos

Green Repositories

PubMedCentral 2.4 million

arXiv (physics) 766,772 (230 records added daily)

RePEC (Research Papers in Economics) 1 million documents (333 added

daily)

Social Sciences Research Network (350,000 fulltext docs)

DOAB (directory of open access books) http://www.doabooks.org/doab

There are more: Registry of Open Access Repositories

Video – Green versus Gold + Benefits of OA

http://www.oclc.org/oaister/ 23 million records

http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/

Need to know more? • Prof Matthew Brown’s videos:

Part 1: Importance of Open Access to Discovery

• Series of Scholarly Publishing Videos including Open Access

• Vanity Publishing & Predatory Publishers List – OMICS case example

• Save the date: Wednesday 30 October 2013, Eminent Speaker Forum – Prof Alma Swan, 10-11.00 am lecture “Is Open Access just another fad?”

• Open Access Week October 21-25, 2013

Who to contact

• Copyright questions

• eSpace questions

• General enquiries

• Lisa Kruesi, Andrew Heath & Helen Morgan

The Future

It is predicted that Gold OA will account for 50 percent of the scholarly journal articles sometime between 2017 and 2021, and 90 percent of articles as soon as 2020 and more conservatively by 2025. Lewis, D. W. (2012) The Inevitability of Open Access, College & Research Libraries, 73(5), 493-506

It won't be easy, and it won't be inexpensive, but it is only a matter of time. For the Sake of Inquiry and Knowledge — The Inevitability of Open Access Ann J. Wolpert, M.L.S. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:785-787February 28, 2013DOI: 10.1056/NEJMp1211410

Take home conclusions

• Encourage green OA by depositing manuscript in eSpace

• Processes to deposit in UQ eSpace are under development

• Refer to Sherpa Romeo & Library Catalogue for details on the embargo period

• We wish to learn from your open access publishing experience

• Contact us for advice & assistance