Open Access and Open Data RequirementsOutlook and Implications

Kenda K. Levine, UC BerkeleyMary Moulton, National Transportation Library

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AASHTO RAC/TRB State Representatives 2014 Annual Meeting

Madison, July 23

Who We Are

Leighton Christiansen, Iowa DOT

Kenda K. Levine, UC Berkeley

Mary Moulton, National Transportation Library

Amanda J. Wilson, National Transportation Library

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Who Are We?

all images used under claim of educational fair use

http://libraryconnectivity.org/datamgt/index.php/Main_Page#TransHack

http://libraryconnectivity.org/datamgt/index.php/Main_Page

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What Is Open Data?

“Open data is data that can be freely used, reused and redistributed by anyone - subject only, at most, to the requirement to attribute and sharealike.”

Open Data Handbook

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What Is Open Data?

Availability and Access● no barriers to use, APIs● no need to ask/sign up to use data● usable and convenient formats (not PDF)

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What Is Open Data?

Reuse and Redistribution● TOS permits reuse and products to be made

using the data● License does not restrict usage● No proprietary formats, conform to standards

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What Is Open Data?

Universal Participation● Everyone has access (no firewalls)● No industry based caveats● Think of it as potential Public-Private-

Partnership

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What Is Open Data?

Interoperability● Ability to mix multiple sources● Crosswalks● APIs ● No barriers - format or license

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What Is Open Access?

“Open Access is the free, immediate, online availability of research articles, coupled with the rights to use these articles fully in the digital environment.”

SPARC

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What Is Open Access?

Free Access● No cost barriers for users● Creative Commons for attribution● Enables data-mining and text-mining● Embargo periods

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What Is Open Access?

Different Colors of Open Access● Green: Author self-archives at the time of

submission● Gold: Author/Institution pays a fee to

publisher to publisher access “free”

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White House OSTP Memo•February 22, 2013 – Office of Science & Technology Policy issues memorandum entitled “Increasing Access to the Results of Federally Funded Scientific Research.”•Memorandum addresses new requirements for both intramural and extramural publications and digital data sets resulting from federally-funded scientific research.•Expand on Data.gov, Open Government requirements already in place•RITA assigned responsibility for preparing response.

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USDOT Draft Implementation Plan

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Scope1. “DOT-managed” = DOT contracts/grants/cooperative agreements and DOT-funded (independent of Federal funding source, “R&D” label).

2. Excludes funding flowed to states from Federal Aid programs (SP&R, NCHRP).

3. Includes shared funded where Feds manage: pooled fund, etc.

USDOT Draft Implementation Plan

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Highlights1. Ensure publications and technical reports are deposited in the National Transportation Library – MAP-21 requires NTL to “serve as a central depository for research results and technical publications of the Department”.

2. Ensure metadata describing research digital data sets and the terms of access and use are made accessible via the DOT Public Data Listing required under OMB Circular M-13-13.

3. Propose a simple Research Project Record process using a persistent identifier or similar method for identifying and connecting publications and data sets, enabling NTL to:

a. Locate data related to publication to refer requestors/researchers.

b. Serve as compliance and reporting mechanism

USDOT Draft Implementation Plan

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Publications1. Deliver accepted, final manuscript to NTL under non-exclusive license agreement.

2. All manuscripts will be embargoed for a period of 18 months post-publication.

a. OSTP requires that embargoes may be challenged. b. Will create “open docket” for challenges, and ongoing public feedback on Plan.

3. All publications, data sets and authors will have unique permanent identifiers for correlation of articles with authors and relevant underlying data.

USDOT Draft Implementation Plan

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Data1. Plan excludes data which has confidentiality, privacy, proprietary, IP, security, and other exemptions and protections

2. Extramural research will require submission and DOT approval of data management plan from all awardees [blanket, with flow-down to PIs for compliance]:

a. Is the data worth keeping?b. For how long?c. In what format(s)?d. How is cost recovery allowed? [DOT generally not take ownership; may charge]

3. Awardees will determine repository for depositing data; must be accessible by NTL.

4. Metadata will be included in DOT Enterprise Data Inventory.

Data Available from USDOT

NTL Data Catalog http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/repository/ntlc/btsdd/index.shtm● Statistical data sets● Geospatial data● Sensor data● Administrative (e.g. bridge inventories)● Naturalistic study data● Simulations and models

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Roadblocks

Administrative Issues● Many funding sources = many headaches● Many funding sources = many terms of

deliverables● Lack of coordination for tracking compliance

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Roadblocks

Legal Issues● Privacy and NDA issues

o Human subject testingo Industry secrets

● Rights and ownership● Ability to license, re-use, and buy/sell

data?

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Roadblocks

Open Data Issues● Interoperability● Data formats● Metadata schema● Data sets are scattered by funder (if at all)● When is “final” dataset made available?

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Roadblocks

Open Access Issues● Competing copyright ● Academics need to “publish or perish”● Which repository? ● Limited only to research from specific

projects?

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Roadblocks

Funding Issues● Unfunded Mandates● Long-term vs.Short-term funding● Recharge model and pricing● Cost of infrastructure and overhead

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Thanks!

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