Ongoing projects 2017 Energy System Analysis & Energy Efficiency

A sustainable transition of the energy system towards an increased share of bioenergy (FoES)

• Focused on identifying efficient biorefinery technologies, and important industrial actors which could facilitate a transition to a bioeconomy

• Overall systems perspective based on the importance of biomass in the transition to a sustainable energy system, in particular regarding sustainable spatial resource use and production and improved value chains.

• Three PhD-students: – Localisation and utilisation of industrial infrastructure (LTU ET) – New biorefinery technologies and integration

opportunities (Chalmers) – Market integration and feedstock

competition (LTU NEK) • Part of interdisciplinary research school focused on

energy system studies (Forskarskola Energisystem, FoES)

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency, Formas, Kempestiftelserna (tot 10.5 MSEK) • Partners: LTU (ET+NEK), Chalmers (IIASA) • Duration: 2015-2018 • Contact persons: Jonas Zetterholm, Elisabeth Wetterlund, Joakim Lundgren,

Robert Lundmark (NEK)

Localisation

Technology options

Technologies Market integration

Bio4Energy II – Systems analysis and bioeconomy platform

• Holistic and multidisciplinary approaches (i.e. techno economic assessments, environmental analysis etc.) to the supply, conversion, transport and final use of forest based energy and material products

• Analyses of markets and policy options to stimulate a further development of forest bioenergy, possible conflicting targets etc.

• Complements fundamental research – Include results from other platforms to study and assess wider system consequences of their implementation

• Funding: Swedish Government, Strategic national research

program (19.8 MSEK total) • Partners: LTU, UmU, SLU • Duration: 2016-2020 • Contact persons: Joakim Lundgren, Elisabeth Wetterlund,

Andrea Toffolo

Optimal localization of biofuel production in Sweden 3 – Agriculture-based biofuels and benefits for society

• BeWhere Sweden – techno-economic geographically explicit optimisation model for analysis of optimal biofuel production plant locations

• The objectives are to: – Demonstrate and validate the

model's usefulness for relevant stakeholders

– Use the model to examine barriers and drivers for the implementation of large-scale biofuel production in Sweden

– Complement the model with agriculture-based biofuels

– Create cost-supply curves for meeting different biofuel production targets in Sweden

• The project is carried out in close cooperation with different actors who may have an interest in the results • Funding: f3, Swedish Energy Agency, Bio4Energy (2.2 MSEK) • Partners: LTU (ET+NEK), LiU, LU, Chalmers, SLU SP, Innventia, Chemrec, Sekab, Perstorp, E.ON • Duration: 2014 - 2016 2017 • Contact persons: Elisabeth Wetterlund, Joakim Lundgren

Large-scale implementation of biorefineries: New value chains, products and efficient biomass feed-stock utilization

• Interdisciplinary project with focus on integration of system models to account for:

– Interactions between sectors – Spatial variations in supply and demand

of forest biomass – Impact of changing market conditions

and policy instruments

• The project aims to generate new knowledge and a model framework for advanced systems analysis related to:

– Swedish forest biomass and its role in a sustainable energy system – Industrial transformation of the process industry towards a future biorefinery industry.

• Funding: Swedish Research Council Formas (7.5 MSEK in total) • Partners: LTU (NEK+ET), Chalmers, IIASA (Laxenburg) • Duration: 2015-2018 • Contact persons: Joakim Lundgren, Elisabeth Wetterlund, Robert Lundmark (NEK)

Methanol production through catalytic gasification with integrated sulfur capture and separation of CO2

• In-situ alkali addition in the gasification reactor may lead to sufficiently low sulfur concentration of the raw syngas to allow replacement of the expensive Rectisol process

• The main project objectives are to: – Use thermodynamic equilibrium modeling to assess the

fraction of sulfur that can be captured in situ – Design and optimize a zeolite membrane module and

surrounding equipment for CO2 separation from synthesis gas – Assess process economics and overall energy efficiency as

well as estimate the cost for CO2 separation from synthesis gas by zeolite membranes

• Funding: Bio4Energy and The Swedish Energy Agency

(1.3 + 1.65 MSEK) • Partners: LTU (ET+KT), SP ETC • Duration: 2016-2017 • Contact persons: Elisabeth Wetterlund, Joakim Lundgren, Erik

Furusjö, Lara Carvalho

Conventional production route

Novel production route

Methanol production via black liquor gasification with expanded raw material base

• Biobased residues can efficiently ”piggy- back” on black liquor

• This project aims to environmentally (well-to-tank) and techno-economically evaluate co-gasification of black liquor blended with glycerol and fermentation residues as well as pyrolysis liquid for production of bio-methanol of two different qualities

• The motivations are partly that it is crucial for the development of biochemical fuel production to effectively utilize the by- products and partly because there is a need to expand the raw material base for black liquor gasification

• Funding: f3, Bio4Energy, Swedish Energy Agency (1.8 MSEK) • Partners: LTU, Lund Univ., Perstorp • Duration: 2016-2017 • Contact persons: Joakim Lundgren, Elisabeth Wetterlund, Erik Furusjö, Lara Carvalho

Bio-SNG production via biomass gasification combined with MCEC technique

• A technical solution to reduce process steps in biomass gasification system is to integrate an electrochemical molten carbonate cell (MCEC).

• An MCEC may provide separation of CO2, balancing of H2/CO ratio, reforming of HC and oxygen production in one step.

• The project aims to concisely evaluate the technical and economic consequences when combining biomass gasification with a MCEC for production of bio-SNG.

• Funding: f3 (0.6 MSEK) • Partners: LTU, KTH, IIASA • Duration: 2016-2017 • Contact persons: Joakim Lundgren, Andrea Toffolo

Integrating renewable electricity systems with the biomass conversion sector: a focus on extreme

meteorological events (RE_EXTREME)

• Investigate the contribution of forest biomass conversion technologies to electricity systems with high shares of intermittent renewables

• Focus on how biomass can be used to handle extreme meteorological events in those systems

• Integrated modeling approach developed and used to analyse:

– How can we correctly model the temporal and spatial component of the problem?

– How can computational feasibility best be balanced with accuracy of results?

– Which extreme events have to be expected in the system?

– Which elements of the biomass sector can best serve as sources of flexibility? • Funding: Swedish Research Council Formas, Bio4Energy, BOKU (2.4 MSEK) • Partners: LTU, BOKU (Vienna), IIASA (Laxenburg) • Duration: 2016-2018 • Contact persons: Elisabeth Wetterlund

Forest biomass in metal industry – future possibilities and consequences (BioMetInd)

• Investigate possibilities for Swedish mining and metallurgical industry to use forest biomass to reduce CO2 emissions, in a system where the same limited biomass resources are also used by other sectors to reduce climate impact

• Identify and quantify biomass-based technologies and concepts for the industry

• Regional price-determining market model for forest biomass markets to analyze price- affecting local and regional market changes

• Analyze trade-offs between using forest biomass in metal industry and other sectors

• Evaluate the CO2 benefits compared to other large-scale biomass use

• Analyze impacts of different policy instruments and technology development • Funding: Swedish Energy Agency, Bio4Energy (7 MSEK) • Partners: LTU (ET+NEK), Swerea MEFOS, Metergi, SSAB, Outokompu, Höganäs, Ovako, Sveaskog • Duration: 2016-2019 • Contact persons: Elisabeth Wetterlund, Andrea Toffolo, Chinedu Nwachukwu, Joakim Lundgren,

Robert Lundmark (LTU NEK), Chuan Wang (Swerea MEFOS)

Increased national target for renewable energy – Biomass in the future Swedish energy system

• The main aim is to improve the analysis of the increased national target for renewable energy in Sweden. This will be achieved by:

– PhD candidate within economic aiming at on evaluating the consequences for households of the renewable energy target using environmental valuation techniques (with a focus on the use of biofuels in transportation).

– PhD candidate within energy system analysis aiming at mapping potential uses for biomass within the industry sector, and implement them in the Industry module of TIMES-Sweden.

– An integrated analysis in which the results from the above studies are synthesized with the aim on improving the representation and understanding of the end-use of biomass in the Swedish energy system, in light of the increased national target for renewable energy.

In the project social scientists and energy engineers cooperate in order to increase the understanding of the Swedish energy system, with a focus on mechanisms that depend on the interplay between technology, public policy and individual behavior.. Funding: Strategisk Energisystemforskning, Swedish Energy Agency (6.29 MSEK) Participants: Anna Krook-Riekkola and Erik Sandberg (Energy Science), Linda Wårell, Kristina Ek and Linda Andersson (Economics). Duration: 2015 – 2018 Contact persons: Anna Krook-Riekkola (LTU)

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Techno-economics of long and short term technology pathways for renewable transportation fuel production

• Sweden has the ambition to have a fossil-free vehicle fleet by 2030.

• From a short-term perspective, drop-in fuels are needed. The Swedish Energy Agency has in particular highlighted lignin based biofuels as a strategically prioritized area.

• From a longer time perspective focus is on high-blend or pure biofuels, due to energy and resource availability reasons. Examples are cellulose-based ethanol, or methane, methanol and DME produced via biomass gasification.

Råvara\ Teknik

Förvätskning-hydrering

Förgasning

Svartluts-lignin

Depolymerisering och hydrering till diesel/bensin

Förgasning till metanol

Skogs-rester

Pyrolys till pyrolysvätska och hydrering till diesel/bensin

Direkt förgasning till metanol

• In this project, short- and long-term technology tracks for integrated biofuel production are evaluated regarding techno-economic performance and technology readiness level. The results can be used to guide future R&D efforts.

• Funding: f3 • Partners: LTU, IVL, Innventia, Preem • Duration: 2016-2017 • Contact persons: Elisabeth Wetterlund, Erik Furusjö

TIMES-Sweden competency framework

The aim is to further improve TIMES-Sweden to support national energy and environmental policy analysis in Sweden with a focus on – but not limited to – the transport sector. Beyond modeling development, the project also aim to investigate, discuss and communicate how energy system optimization models can contribute to Swedish energy and climate policy analysis.

– PhD candidate aiming at developing a new Transport module of TIMES-Sweden. – Dissemination of “energy system thinking”. – Strengthening the national and international TIMES networks.

Initiate cooperation with researcher within Transport Systems Analysis/National Transport Models. Their models are based on a similar mindset as TIMES/MARKAL, but with a different focus. Transport models, in general, focus on transport flows, while TIMES models typical focuses on fuels-choices and technologies.

Funding: Strategisk Energisystemforskning, Swedish Energy Agency (3.17 MSEK) Participants: Anna Krook-Riekkola and Jonas Forsberg (LTU) Duration: 2015 - 2018 Contact persons: Anna Krook-Riekkola (LTU)

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MICROBioREFINE - Integrated microbial biomass production and refinement for sustainable fuels, chemicals and feed

• Energy balances of the thermal flows to understand the major factors affecting the algae growth in the bioreactor

• Simulations of different scenarios to extend the growth season of the microorganisms

• Process integration study about the large scale production of the algal biomass: – coupling with the plants supplying the

wastewater that contains the nutrients – requirements for handling and processing

the algal biomass (e.g. harvesting, drying ...) • The project is carried out in close cooperation with

industrial partners from different sectors which are potential suppliers of wastewater

• Funding: Swedish Energy Agency (17.6 MSEK in total) • Partners: UmU, SLU, SP, Nynas, Ragn-Sells, SP Processum, UMEVA, Umeå Energi • Duration: 2015-2017 • Contact persons: Andrea Toffolo

Bio-reactor

District Heating Process Integration - Optimization of the future energy infrastructure in Kiruna

• The mining in Kiruna is forcing the town to be moved (partial).

• Process integration method is a useful tool to study different scenarios for the urban transformation.

• The aim is to develop models that allows studies of different energy scenarios.

• Developed models will support efficient energy interaction with the mining industry (LKAB).

• Funding: 3.23 MSEK HLRC • Partners: TVAB, LKAB • Duration: 2012 – 2017, • Contact persons: Mattias Vesterlund,

Jan Dahl

Energy efficiency of buildings in the Arctic Municipalities (EEBAK)

• The main goal of the project is to increase crossborder knowledge exhange in green community development focusing on increasing the energy efficiency of buidlings in arctic climate. The project is aimed for the municipalities in northern Finland, Sweden and Norway.

• The project goals will be met by increasing knowledge and experience exhange and gathering information from low energy houses in arctic climate.

Funding: 595 166 EUR, Interreg nord, Region Norrbotten Partners: Lapland University of Applied Sciences, Luleå Tekniska Universitet (Energy Engineering, Timber Structures), Northern Research Institute Narvik Duration: 2017 – 2019 Contact persons: Lars Westerlund

Green Power

• The project builds on the urgent need to take care of the waste heat datacenters currently emit the cooling air and use it for some other activities.

• Develop ideas how heat could be used, separately and in combination with other energy sources to heat a supposed nearby greenhouse to produce locally grown products, such as mushrooms.

• With the help of computer models using measurement data as indata, and evaluating the possibility to grow plants, greenhouse proposals will be developed. The methodology of conducting measurements and computer models calculations can then be used for other datacenters and judge whether it is possible to build greenhouses there.

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Funding: 2 MSEK, Swedish Energy Agency Partners: LTU (Energy Engineering, Construction Engineering and Management, Fluid Mechanics, Control Engineering, CDT), Boden Business Agency, Bodens Energi, Bodens Energi Nät, Bodens kommun, ENACO, Ericsson, Hushållningssällskapet i Norrbotten, Hydro66, SICS North Swedish ICT AB, Vattenfall Duration: 2016 –2017 Contact persons: Mikael Risberg

Modular and energy efficient datacenters in wood

• Investigate how energy-efficient, prefabricated and modular building elements for the construction of datacenters using mainly wood, can be developed.

• How different building material and design of modular datacentre affect the cooling.

• Investigate the possibly to use waste heat from datacenters for wood drying

Funding:769 000 SEK, Swedish Energy Agency Partners: LTU (Energy Engineering, Construction Engineering and Management, Timber Structures) , Martinsons, Tyrens, Contractor Bygg, Alent Dynamics Duration: 2016 – 2017 Contact persons: Mikael Risberg

Increased national target for renewable energy – Biomass in the future Swedish energy system

The project's purpose is both to improve the representation of local and regional aspects of biomass in the national energy system analysis, and to analyze the potential conflicts between increased generations of district heating, increased biofuel and carbon reduction under different scenario up to 2050. District heating is a sector highly integrated with other sectors (in particular power, waste and industry). To understand the effects from surrounding sectors and different policy instruments requires energy system models that both describe these interactions and captures regional differences in biomass and existing district heating. In this project we link two energy system models - TIMES-Sweden and BeWhere - in order to improve the understanding of how the surrounding markets and existing policies can affect district heating in Sweden. Special attention is devoted to the competition of biomass and conflicting policy targets.

Funding: Fjärrsyn/Swedish Energy Agency (2.5 MSEK) Participants: Anna Krook-Riekkola and Elisabeth Wetterlund. Duration: 2014 – 2017 Contact persons: Anna Krook-Riekkola (LTU)

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Funding (LTU part): 1.6 MSEK, ERA-Net/Swedish Energy Agency Partners: AIT, LTU, IVL, CENSE/NOVA, City of Malmö, City of Almada, City of Judenburg, Styrian Energy Agency, Energia Lateral, Lda. Duration: 2016-2018 Contact persons: Anna Krook Riekkola

Holistic simulation and optimization for smart cities.

SURECITY’s mission is to support smart city level integration of policies and measures towards a low carbon energy system including mobility services SURECITY team consist of energy system modelling experts with many years of experience in national analysis, which we within SURECITY will make applicable at the local level. SURECITY will contribute by developing a modelling tool that can support municipalities, government agencies, businesses and citizens to identify and analyse sustainable energy and transport strategies. SURECITY modelling-tool aims to identify cost-efficient strategies and measures to reduce the cities' carbon dioxide emissions without affecting the ability to reach other environmental (e.g. air quality). SURECITY modelling-tool includes different options to meet the future needs of energy-related goods and services, such as buildings’ heating & cooling and mobility services (including bicycles).