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‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Most Probable Satellite Communications Operating Concept for ECAC and other
regions of the world
Presented by Philippe Renaud
Prepared by Phil Platt
ICAO AMCP WG-C
27-30 May 2002
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) Member States
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Communications Problems
• In certain parts of the world (e.g. Europe) air traffic growth will outstrip communication resource in the VHF band.
• New technologies are being considered in the timeframe of 2010-2015 to complement VHF systems
• Satellite communications could be a possibility but only with improved performance over current AMSS
• A lower cost satellite communication system would benefit many other areas of the world too
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Predicted Traffic growth in Europe
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Worldwide air traffic
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Inmarsat Global beams
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
MTSAT - Japan
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
European spot beam
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Limitation of current AMSS
• Designed to meet full range of users leading to more complex system design
• Shared use of spectrum between safety and non-safety services
• Cost of aircraft installation and avionics
• Large GESs leading limited options for communications service provision
• Quality of communication service - transfer delays
• Communication costs
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
A new satellite system ?
• Oh no not more technology !
• Haven’t we got enough satellite communications systems e.g. Inmarsat Aero systems H, H+, I, L, C, Mini-Aero, Swift64 MTSAT (Japan) Boeing Connexion Iridium Globalstar ……….
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Safety related communications
• Yes there are many satellite technologies around but they are designed to support shared use
• Some support AAC, APC - some may support AOC and ATSC (e.g. Aero H)
• No system supports only AMS(R)S
• Previous experience has shown that reliance on a shared business case can cause problems
• Where safety and regularity of flight communications are to be carried by a communications system specific measures must be put in place to safeguard them
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Requirements
• High levels of availability, reliability and continuity required for safety and regularity of flight communication
• ATS Voice Data
• AOC Voice Data
• Ranked on priority basis
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
ATSC Voice
• ATSC voice is main form for executive control today
• There will be increased use of data link in the future but voice will be required at least in the foreseeable future
• ATSC use of data link requires new investment in ATS system on ground - voice is already there.
• VHF RT is the main means of communications in higher density airspace where there is a ground infrastructure
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
ATS Data Link Services ATC Communications
Management Service (ACM)
Departure Clearance Service (DCL)
ATC Clearances and Information Service (ACL)
Controller Access Parameters Service (CAP)
Downstream Clearances Service (DSC)
Pilot Preferences Downlink Service (PPD)
Flight Plan Consistency Service (FLIPCY)
Dynamic Route Availability Service (DYNAV)
Dynamic Route Availability Service (DYNAV)
Data Link Operational Terminal Information Service (D-OTIS)
Data Link Runway Visual Range (D-RVR)
Data Link Logon (DLL)
Common Trajectory Co-ordination (COTRAC)
Data Link SIGMET Service (D-SIGMET)
System Access Parameters Service (SAP)
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
AOC Applications
• Voice assumed to be continued to be required although expected to
decline
• Data Link Flight Operations - a few examples of safety and regularity of
flight applications
– Access to Flight Information services (Weather, NOTAM…)
– Weight & Balance
– Performance Data Maintenance
– Aircraft condition monitoring
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
New Satellite System (1/2)
• Desirable Features
• Those identified in NGSS SARPs including Tailored requirements - safety and regularity traffic only i.e.
priority 1 to 6 in Article 44
– dedicated AMS(R)S spectrum Replicate and improve on existing systems
– Voice - VHF RT like with party-line and quick access
– Data - point-to-point and broadcast Optimised channels
– tailored to meet the AMS(R)S requirement only until at least 2020 and possibly longer
Designed to provide required level of performance
– use redundancy in critical communications path
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
New Satellite System (2/2)
• Desirable Features Ground Earth Station
– able to reuse existing AMSS infrastructure wherever possible
– allows possibility to use GESs with smaller antennas
– greater flexiblity in deployment e.g. at ATCC or airline sites Aircraft Earth Station
– smaller due to limited design goal
– low power, cheaper Spectrum Efficiency
– maximise frequency reuse
– specific protocol to carry short frequent data
– efficient mapping of user data to satellite physical link
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Satellite Data Link System
• SDLS is attempting to meet the desirable features a tool-box of good ideas can pick any or all of the tools to for a new system
• ESA has sponsored a considerable amount of design effort to match technology with perceived requirements a lot of work by satellite system manufacturers contribution to the input to a possible open standard for aviation
use
• Development of a ‘ demonstrator ’ underway
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Key features of SDLS (1/2)
• Multiple Access Scheme Synchronous CDMA in the fixed to mobile direction Quasi Synchronous CDMA in the mobile to fixed direction
• Aircraft Earth Stations New CDMA modems being developed Low cost solutions
• Space Segment MSS geostationary satellites at L-Band have already been
deployed worldwide and hence are fundemental building block
• Ground Earth Stations Ku or C-Band depending on satellite feeder links
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Key features of SDLS (2/2)
• Services Voice service (point to point and “Party Line”) Data service including broadcast and polled
• Network Architecture Capability for decentralised satellite access
• Satellite Diversity Asumed to be required to meet availability requirements
• Equipment Redundancy For both airborne and ground is part of the design
• Communication Resource Management Fixed and demand assignment, handling of priority levels
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Ground Earth Stations
• Two main types of feeder links C-band
– currently used by Inmarsat GESs on global and spot beams. Requires large antennas but the infrastructure is there and will be for the foreseeable future to support maritime services
Ku-band
– allows the use of smaller (cheaper) GESs. Could be deployed at or near ATC centres or airline operational control centre
Ku-band is more subject to atmospheric disturbance than C-band - has to be taken into account in design
Only Ku-Band VSATs practically allow highly decentralised access
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel n
CD
MA
cod
e
Frequency1 MHz Subband 1 MHz Subband1 MHz Subband
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel n
Channel 1
Channel 2
Channel n
Up to 255 CDMA channels per subband
CDMA channel structure
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Satellite Protocols
• Reuse features of AMSS e.g. Reliable Link- type service AMSS strategy for priority, reference number…
• Data rate determined by type of satellite beam size
• Minimum data rate in global beam Basic channel rate is 6.8kbps - in global beam (determined by
vocoder) Short message data throughput is 1.35kbps Long message data throughput is 2.4kbps
• Spot beams increases rate at least 4 times.
• Broadcast capability - ground to air
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Voice service
• Vocoder rate of 4.8kbps - may be the same as AMSS
• Full duplex circuit mode service for ‘normal’ use suitable for AOC and some ATS applications
• Special feature to emulate ATS RT ‘party-line’ feature - allows rebroadcast of messages to other
aircraft requires dedicated channel per sector synchronous CDMA - no signal acquisition time
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Satellite diversity
• Satellite diversity could be required due to - shielding of the aircraft antenna by the structure of the aircraft failure of the satellite system
• This requires on the ground - one antenna for each satellite in view by the GES, one spare GES antenna to ensure the reliability
• Pre-assigned spectrum for each satellites
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Satellite diversity
AES 1
Ground network
antennanom.
antennared.
Frame 1 Frame 1
Satellite 1 Satellite 2
to AES 1 to AES 1
Frame 2to AES 2
Frame 2to AES 2
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Aircraft Earth Stations
• Simple and cheap isotropic antenna low RF power - no forced air cooling requirements single transmit channel per AES need 2 AESs per aircraft to achieve redundancy requirements Direct data inputs for Polling Services e.g. A429 Interfaces to CMU/ATSU and voice distribution system
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Aircraft Installation
PowerAmplifier/LNA
Satellite DataUnit
CMU(ATN Routeror ACARS)
Positional andother ADAPinformation
AudioDistribution
System
Onmi-directionalAntenna
Other DataLinks
Audio from othersystems e.g.VHF, HF, etc
SDLS voicechannel
selection unit
PowerAmplifier/LNA
Satellite DataUnit
Positional andother ADAPinformation
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Initial Deployment in ECAC
AOR EAOR W
ATC Centre
ATC Centre
ATC Centre
ATC Centre
Airline/Comm service providerNetwork
Pan-European Network
Airline
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Ground architecture
W A N e . g . A T N , A R IN C ,S IT A , P T T
S a t e l l i t e d is h
S a t e l l i t e
P o l l i n gS e r v i c e e . g .A P R / A D A P
A T C C o m p u t e r ( e . g . F D P S )
G E S
F e e d e r l i n k -C b a n d
L - b a n d
S u r v e i l l a n c e D a t a P r o c e s s o r
A i r T r a f f i c C o n t r o lC e n t r e
V o ic e S w i t c h
V o i c e C i r c u i t e . g . IS D N , e t c
A i r l i n e H o s t C o m p u t e r
A i r l i n e
V o ic e S w i t c h
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Other deployment options
• Whilst a solution based on global beams is a practical early solution (maybe preferred in ECAC area), other options are possible
• Incremental flexible deployment can be provided through the use of spot beams where required
• This could be an attractive first step in some areas of the world e.g. where there is not a well developed terrestrial infrastructure
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Later deployment in ECAC
AOR EAOR W
ATC Centre
ATC Centre
ATC Centre
ATC Centre
ATC Centre
ATC Centre
ATC Centre
Regional Spot beam satellite
SPOTBEAM
Airline
Airline/Comm service providerNetwork
Pan-European ATS Network
Airline
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Ground Architecture
Satellite dish
GES
WAN e.g. ATN, ARINC,SITA, PTT
Satellite
PollingService e.g.APR/ADAP
ATC Computer (e.g. FDPS)
Feeder link -Ku band
L-band
Surveillance Data Processor
Air Traffic ControlCentre
Voice Switch
Airline Host Computer
Airline
Voice Switch
Satellite dish
GES
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
SDLS Demonstration Programme
• SDLS Programme Phases Key system performance demonstrator with AESs on ground (on-
going with targeted completion third quarter 2002)
– 2 AESs
– 2 GESs - Ku band
– ATS/AOC application emulation
– EMS satellite Evaluation with airborne avionics and the participation of ATSPs
and airlines is in the planning stage
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Institutional aspects
• Standardisation new satellite systems capability needs to be standardised for
worldwide operation confirm that NGSS SARPS are appropriate - seem so at initial
review
• Access control to space segment - who, how ?
• Use of AMS(R)S spectrum with many service providers
• GES operators detailed technical standards co-ordination between them e.g. use of codes, hand-overs, etc
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Business Issues
• Technically SDLS looks possible but there is a need to clarify business drivers
• Targeted at AMS(R)S therefore has to be paid by ATSPs and airlines only e.g. no APC traffic
• However it is not vulnerable to market failure
• Benefits must come from cost saving ‘do nothing’ cases must be considered compare technology solutions
• Cost must be minimised
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Issues for further consideration
• Data rate Lowest rate assumed acceptable - need to confirm (e.g. AOC)
• Use of Polling Service How is it used in practice ? Who controls the service and shares
the data ?
• Efficient use of satellite physical link need optimise the mapping of user data onto RF link
• ATSC voice service design of human interface for access party line acceptance
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Conclusions (1/3)
• Satellite based communication system have advantages for aviation wide coverage capability could overcome need for terrestrial infrastructure development in
some areas of the world traditionally thought of as oceanic and remote areas only but with
improved performance and lower cost can be considered for higher density airspace
• Advanced design concepts seem to show that higher service quality levels than AMSS are achievable with proven technology can draw on AMSS experience and institutional arrangements ability to enable new service provision possibilities
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Conclusions (2/3)
• Technical design concepts are well advanced in SDLS but still open to refinement Finalisation of design in consultation with aviation community
• Institutional arrangements standards development - SARPS, MASPS, MOPS, etc can draw on NGSS work already undertaken
• Business case costs should be lower due to specific AMS(R)S goal better define the benefits including ‘do nothing ’ option
‘One Sky for Europe’EUROCONTROL
© 2002 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)
Conclusions (3/3)
• Recommendation on next steps in WG-C Contribute to the production of a global operating concept to
augment the ECAC Operational Concept Contribute to the development of a design definition document To liaise with AMCP WG-F to ensure the availability of adequate
AMS(R)S spectrum Address in due time the development of a Manual