one of the most biologically diverse places in the world
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
CHAPTER 8: CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
One of the most biologically diverse places in the world
![Page 2: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHYHow do physical systems and human systems shape a place?
![Page 3: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
LANDFORMS3 distinct “belts”:1) Pacific Lowlands: narrow
plains from Guatemala to Panama
2) Caribbean Lowlands3) Central Highlands:
mountains
![Page 4: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
LANDFORMS CONTINUEDIsthmus of PanamaISTHMUS: narrow strip of
land connecting 2 larger land areas
ARCHIPELAGO: a group or chain of islands
>7000 islands in CaribbeanGreater and Lesser Antilles
![Page 5: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WATER SYSTEMSLake Nicaragua: C. Am’s largest
freshwater lakeLake ManaguaPanama Canal: one of the
world’s most important man-made waterway
![Page 6: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CLIMATETropical rainforest climate in
most of C. AmBiome---Displays great
BIODIVERSITY: biological diversity in an environment as indicated by numbers of different species of plants and animals
![Page 7: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CLIMATE CONTINUEDTropical wet/dry in Caribbean
islandsLeeward (not exposed to wind)
islands remain dryWindward receive heavy
moistureLots of rain
![Page 8: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
CLIMATE CONTINUEDVertical climate zones of C.
Am:1) Tierra caliente: below 2500
ft—bananas and sugarcane2) Tierra templada: btwn
2500 and 6000 ft3) Tierra fria: 6000 to 10000 ft4) Tierra helada: above
treeline
![Page 9: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SECTION 2: HUMAN GEOGRAPHYHow did colonialism influence the history and government of Central America and the Caribbean?
![Page 10: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
HISTORYEuropean colonization began in
1492Spain’s 1st permanent
settlement started in 1493 on island of Hispaniola
1501: Rodrigo de Bastidas makes 1st claim in C. Am
Vasco Nuñez de Balboa is 1st to cross isthmus
![Page 11: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
HISTORY CONTINUED1519: Pedro Arias Dávila est.
Panama City1524: Nicaragua is
conquered (Francisco Hernández de Córdoba)
Gold discovered in HondurasBy 1600s, most of C. Am.
was under Spanish control
![Page 12: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HISTORY CONTPhysical geography allowed
Great Britain to colonize BelizeBy mid-1600s: most indigenous
ppl were killed off by forced labor, starvation, and disease
Suggestion of African “workers” was made
![Page 13: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
HISTORY CONTLate 1700s: François
Toussaint Louverture leads Haitian revolution---wins 1804
Cuba gains self-rule in 1898 (Spanish-American War)
![Page 14: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
HISTORY1823: United Provinces of
Central America formedBroke into 5 separate
countries: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua
1903: Panama declares independence from Colombia
1914: Panama Canal opens
![Page 15: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
AND…MORE HISTORY1900s: C. Am and Caribbean
countries experience social, economic, and political problems
1959: Cuban Revolution puts Fidel Castro in charge (communism)
Castro retires in 2008—brother Raúl takes over
![Page 16: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
POPULATION PATTERNSC. Am.: 60% mestizo, 20%
indigenous79% live in highland
towns/citiesEl Salvador is most densely
populated country in C. Am.C. Am. pop. growth rate is one
of the highest in the world
![Page 17: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
POPULATION PATTERNSCaribbean pop. grows fastExperiencing POPULATION
PRESSURE: the sum of factors within a population that reduce the ability of an environment to support the population, resulting in migration or pop. decline
![Page 18: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
CARIBBEAN CULTURE
Caribbean: many languages; each country has its own dialect
Some speak PATOIS: blending of several languages (ex: Haitian Creole)
All major religions foundSome mix: santería (Cuba) and
voodoo (Haiti)Family is MATRIARCHAL: family
ruled by a woman
![Page 19: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
CARIBBEAN ECONOMICSPrimarily service industry
(tourism)Also textiles, electronics, oil
refining, and offshore banking
Difficult to diversify
![Page 20: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
CENTRAL AMERICAN CULTURESpanish is primary language80% Roman CatholicFamily is PATRIARCHAL: family
ruled by a man
![Page 21: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CENTRAL AMERICA ECONOMICSPrimarily agricultureUse the “Hacienda” systemLATIFUNDIA: large ag estates
owned by wealthy families or corporations
High yield and low cost creates deep divide btwn rich and poor
![Page 22: One of the most biologically diverse places in the world](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022051001/5697bfec1a28abf838cb8656/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
CENT. AM. ECONOMICS CONT.Industrial employment is
mostly COTTAGE INDUSTRY: business that employs workers in their homes