OneOne Land, Land, TwoTwo PeoplesPeoples

The Arab-Israeli ConflictThe Arab-Israeli Conflict

The size of The size of Israel Israel

compared to compared to the state of the state of California California (Israel is (Israel is

approx. the approx. the same size as same size as New Jersey)New Jersey)

Names you will hear Names you will hear associated with this conflict…associated with this conflict…

1. 1. Arabs:Arabs: any member or any member or close descendant of any of the close descendant of any of the Arabic speaking peoples of SW Arabic speaking peoples of SW Asia and North AfricaAsia and North Africa

The Arab WorldThe Arab World

Arabic alphabetArabic alphabet

2. 2. Palestinian:Palestinian: an Arab living an Arab living in the region of SW Asia once in the region of SW Asia once known as Palestine ( between known as Palestine ( between the Mediterranean Sea and the the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River). Most Arabs still Jordan River). Most Arabs still call Israel- call Israel- PalestinePalestine..

3. 3. Jew:Jew: descendant of the descendant of the Semitic tribes who lived in and Semitic tribes who lived in and around ancient Palestine and around ancient Palestine and among whom the beliefs and among whom the beliefs and laws of Judaism developed.laws of Judaism developed.

4. 4. Hebrew:Hebrew: member of one of member of one of the Jewish tribes of ancient the Jewish tribes of ancient times (Semites). It is the times (Semites). It is the language of Judaism and one language of Judaism and one of the of the official languagesofficial languages of of Israel. Israel. (Arabic is the other official (Arabic is the other official language)language)

Hebrew Hebrew alphabetalphabet

Coca Cola…in HebrewCoca Cola…in Hebrew

McDonaldsMcDonalds sign in Israel sign in Israel

McDonald’sMcDonald’s Menu in Hebrew Menu in Hebrew

Make sure you know that…Make sure you know that…

the Arab- Israeli conflict has the Arab- Israeli conflict has dominated the politics of SW dominated the politics of SW Asia (Middle East) for over 50 Asia (Middle East) for over 50 years. years.

Facts about the country Facts about the country of Israel todayof Israel today

(2004 (2004 World AlmanacWorld Almanac))

Population:Population: 6.4 million 6.4 millionPop density:Pop density: 820 per sq mi 820 per sq miArea:Area: 8,019 sq mi 8,019 sq miEthnic distribution:Ethnic distribution: 80% Jewish; 80% Jewish; 20% Arab and other.20% Arab and other.Chief religions:Chief religions: 80% Jewish; 15% 80% Jewish; 15% Islam (mostly Sunni); 2% Christian Islam (mostly Sunni); 2% Christian

Roots of the conflictRoots of the conflict

Jewish claims:Jewish claims:

Arab claims:Arab claims:

1890’s: Birth of Zionism1890’s: Birth of Zionism

This was an effort started by This was an effort started by European Jews in the 1800’s to European Jews in the 1800’s to create a Jewish homeland in create a Jewish homeland in Palestine. By the early 1900’s, Palestine. By the early 1900’s, there were approx 25,000 Jews there were approx 25,000 Jews living in Palestine. living in Palestine. (movement was (movement was named after Mt. Zion, NE of Jerusalem)named after Mt. Zion, NE of Jerusalem)

1900’s: Arab 1900’s: Arab Nationalism Nationalism GrowsGrows

1914- 1918: World War I1914- 1918: World War I

British promise to the British promise to the ArabsArabs::

British promise to the British promise to the JewsJews::

1920’s- 1930’s: British Rule1920’s- 1930’s: British Rule(British Mandate)(British Mandate)

1939- 1945: 1939- 1945: World War IIWorld War II

1947- 1948: 1947- 1948: UN UN

Partition Partition PlanPlan

1948: 1948: The The First First Arab-Arab-Israeli Israeli WarWar

Israel Israel gains new gains new land after land after the first the first

attacks in attacks in 19481948

Many Palestinians become Many Palestinians become REFUGEESREFUGEES

Refugee camps in the late 1940’sRefugee camps in the late 1940’s

1950’s : Israel builds1950’s : Israel builds

1956: The Second Arab-1956: The Second Arab-Israeli WarIsraeli War

Israel Israel invadesinvadesEgypt- Egypt- 19561956

Israel Israel pressured pressured

to to withdraw withdraw

from Sinai from Sinai Peninsula Peninsula and Canal and Canal

ZoneZone

1964: Birth of the PLO1964: Birth of the PLO

PLO= PLO= Palestine Liberation Palestine Liberation OrganizationOrganization

Purpose of the PLO:Purpose of the PLO:

Long- time Long- time PLO leader: PLO leader: Yasir ArafatYasir Arafat

(died Nov. 2004)(died Nov. 2004)

1967: Six 1967: Six Day WarDay War

1973: Yom Kippur War1973: Yom Kippur War

PLO Recognition (1974)PLO Recognition (1974)

What did Arab gov’ts do?What did Arab gov’ts do?

What did the United Nations What did the United Nations do?do?

1977-79: Camp David Accords1977-79: Camp David Accords

1982- 85: Flawed Peace1982- 85: Flawed Peace

What does What does “self-government”“self-government” mean to the Palestinians?mean to the Palestinians?

What does What does “self-government”“self-government” mean to the Israelis?mean to the Israelis?

PLO splinters into an PLO splinters into an extremistextremist faction called faction called HezbollahHezbollah- in - in

Lebanon (early 1980’s)Lebanon (early 1980’s)

1987: the 1987: the IntifadaIntifada is born is born

IntifadaIntifada means: means:

Palestinian youth fighting in Palestinian youth fighting in the the intifadaintifada

PLO splinters into anotherPLO splinters into anotherextremist extremist faction faction (in Israel- late 1980’s)(in Israel- late 1980’s)

Hamas

Military training is Military training is REQUIREDREQUIRED for for ALLALL Israelis…male and female Israelis…male and female

1990-91: The Gulf War1990-91: The Gulf War

Israelis wearing gas masks Israelis wearing gas masks during the Persian Gulf Warduring the Persian Gulf War

1993-94: Breakthrough1993-94: Breakthrough

1994: Jordan joins in1994: Jordan joins in

Israel and Jordan officially Israel and Jordan officially end their “state of war” and end their “state of war” and initiate economic ties.initiate economic ties.

Issues…post-1994 Issues…post-1994 (Arab and Jewish (Arab and Jewish extremists repeatedly challenged the extremists repeatedly challenged the

peace process…)peace process…)

1995: Israeli 1995: Israeli Prime Minister Prime Minister Rabin was Rabin was assassinated assassinated by a Jewish by a Jewish ExtremistExtremist

Islamic militants “shake up” Israel with a Islamic militants “shake up” Israel with a series of series of suicide bombingssuicide bombings and rocket and rocket

attacks as Israel chooses Rabin’s attacks as Israel chooses Rabin’s successor (Shimon Peres)successor (Shimon Peres)

1997: Israelis agree to allow 1997: Israelis agree to allow the city of the city of Hebron Hebron (in the(in the West Bank)West Bank) to go under to go under Palestinian self-rulePalestinian self-rule

1998- 1999: Israel yields more 1998- 1999: Israel yields more West Bank territory to West Bank territory to Palestinians in exchange for Palestinians in exchange for security guarantees. (violence security guarantees. (violence continues)continues)

2000: Israel withdraws 2000: Israel withdraws troops from Southern parts troops from Southern parts of Lebanon.of Lebanon.

2000: Peace talks between 2000: Peace talks between Israeli Prime Minister Barak Israeli Prime Minister Barak and PLO leader Yasir Arafat and PLO leader Yasir Arafat fail…2fail…2ndnd Intifada begins. Intifada begins.

2001: new 2001: new Israeli Prime Israeli Prime Minister Minister elected-elected-

Ariel SharonAriel Sharon (a hardliner)(a hardliner)

2002: Israel 2002: Israel builds a builds a controversial controversial “security“security barrier”barrier” in the in the West Bank to West Bank to restrict restrict Palestinian Palestinian access to access to IsraelIsrael

Part of the “wall” near JerusalemPart of the “wall” near Jerusalem

2003: President George W. 2003: President George W. Bush works with Israeli and Bush works with Israeli and PLO leaders on “Road Map” for PLO leaders on “Road Map” for peace.peace.

Nov. 2004: PLO Nov. 2004: PLO leader Yasir leader Yasir Arafat dies. Arafat dies. Mahmoud Mahmoud AbbasAbbas becomes becomes new PLO new PLO leader.leader.

2005: Abbas attempts to 2005: Abbas attempts to convince militant groups convince militant groups (Hamas and others) to honor a (Hamas and others) to honor a cease-fire between Israel and cease-fire between Israel and the Palestinians.the Palestinians.Future of region…??????Future of region…??????