one child policy in india (copyright: atul kumar umar)

7/28/2019 One Child Policy in India (Copyright: Atul Kumar Umar)

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History of one child policy

This policy was introduced in 1978 and initially applied to first-born

children from 1979.

Authorities claim that the policy has prevented more than 250

million births between 1980 and 2000,and 400 million births from

about 1979 to 2011.

The Chinese government refers to it under the official translation

of family planning policy.

It officially restricts married, urban couples to having only one

child, while allowing exemptions for several cases, including

twins, rural couples, ethnic minorities, and parents without anysiblings themselves

A spokesperson of the Committee on the One-Child Policy has said

that approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to

the one-child restriction.
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Demographic profile of India, sex ratio and Literacy rates

1.21 billion people (2011 census).

17.5% of the world's population.

Currently, Indias annual population growth rate is 1.74%.

India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25.

It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 year.

As per the latest Census in the year 2011, the total female sex ratio in India is 940.

The female child sex ratio is 944.

The Indian literacy rate grew to 74.04% in 2011 the level is well below the world

average literacy rate of 84%.

There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age

7 and above) in 2011 were 82.14% for men and 65.46% for women.
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Family planning in India

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is the government unit responsible for

formulating and executing family planning related government plans in India.

The national family planning program was launched in 1951

In the early 1970s, Indira Gandhi, Prime Minister of India, had implemented a

forced sterilization programme, but failed.

1992: The 72nd and 73rd Constitutional amendments and the Panchayati Raj and

Nagar Palika Acts further decentralized the family planning programme to the

Panchayati Raj Institutions.

2000: The National Population Policy advocated a holistic, multisectoral approach

towards population stabilization, with no targets for specific contraceptive methods

except for achieving a national average total fertility rate (TFR) of 2.1 by the year 2010.

The current policy is to promote family planning on the basis of voluntary and

informed acceptance with full community participation.

The emphasis is on a 2 child family. Hum dho hamara dho campaign.


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Challenges of implementing one child policy in India

1. Socio-economic constraints. High levels of illiteracy, poor access to information,poverty, and gender-based disparities serve as significant barriers to family planning.

2. Programmatic constraints. Major constraints include limited resources, lack of an

integrated multi-sectoral approach, and a weak health management information

system

3. Limited awareness of reversible methods. Awareness of reversible methods is

relatively limited among women and men alike

4. Staff shortages and limitations. Staff shortages continue to plague the services at all

levels. Where workers are available, they are generally poorly trained and have little

knowledge of the methods they are promoting.

5. Limited access to quality health services. Access to quality health services is limited

in both urban and rural areas. A substantial population residing in slum areas has no

access to family planning services owing to poor health infrastructure.


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Advantages of implementing one child

policy in India

Citizens have a good standard of living in the future.

Resource utilization decreases

Better reach of the government of government policies.

Decreased strain on the economy which otherwise could

face difficulty in providing resources to a large number of

people.

Adaption of techniques that help in increasing the efficiency

of the working people.

Decreased unemployment rates

The competition at various levels with respect to various

fields decreases due to the decrease in the population.

Better health care and improved birth rate.
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Disadvantages of implementing one child policy in India

Decreased sex ratio

Increased female feticide

Poor social communication and cooperation skills among the new generation, as they

have no siblings at home i.e "little emperors effect.

The number of orphan children gets decreased due to increased number of parents

who abandon the unwanted childern.

The "four-two-one" problem:- one child should support two parents and four grand

parents.

It is a human right violation.

Decreased availability of labour in the long run.


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one child policy in india (copyright: atul kumar umar)

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